Perspectives on the Cold War, Decolonization and the Vietnam War Essay Samples and Topics Online

The Role of International Law and Human Rights During the Cold War

8 pages (2134 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

The essay 'The Role of International Law and Human Rights During the cold war ' is dedicated to the cold war, the global geopolitical, military, economic and ideological confrontation between 1946 and the end of the 1980s between two blocs of states, the center of one of which was the USSR and the other, the USA, which ended in 1991 with the collapse of the USSR.... During the cold war and post cold war era, individuals are seen to believe that the two fields will become better....

Preview sample

War Is an Addiction

12 pages (3049 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

t this point, the author would like to discuss some political and economic perspectives on addiction to war.... This essay "war Is an Addiction" presents what are the doctrines and theories that explain war as an addiction.... The scarcity of resources and other human-made factors are considered to be the main reasons behind wars, but there has been enough evidence that war is more a result of addiction.... Thus, it can be asserted that addiction to war is not a biological phenomenon, but the performance of a social system to train its members on how to act in a particular situation....

Preview sample

The War on drugs

21 pages (5250 words) , Download 2 , Essay

This article represents the relation between the war on drugs and the crime rates.... The authors cover some major issues regarding the war on drugs and the crime rates which were profoundly unknown.... .... ... ... It analyzes how many professionals believe that incarcerating drug offenders actually reduces crime, but what they do not know is the fact that according to the time series analysis of four crime rates in the United States, this view is not supported....

Preview sample

Does religion cause war

2 pages (500 words) , Download 3 , Research Paper

Free

he world history would tell us that there are cases wherein religion was used by some to foster war to other nation.... Regarding these thoughts, the big question is, does religion really causes war?... In this paper, some cases and articles, which relates the concept of religion and war, will be discussed and try to answer the question if the prime mover for the development of war is religion, or is it something else behind it....

Preview sample

Images That Mobilized Popular Opinion in Support of War

7 pages (2265 words) , Download 2 , Coursework

Free

Be it the vietnam war, the World War II, and the Afghanistan war, the consequences have always been the same.... Although the fate of a war is never known, bitter feelings on any side always tend to extend the war as might have been in the case of the vietnam war which went on till a few more years.... e it the vietnam war or the World War, the results have always been grotesque.... A Voice from the vietnam war.... The paper "Images That Mobilized Popular Opinion in Support of war" discusses that photographs have been instrumental in keeping the past alive and in taking decisions that have influenced the world, for they are the frozen relics of reality....

Preview sample

Chicano People and Colonization of Pueblo Indians

7 pages (1883 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

They became independent from this time until 1846 when they went into war with the United States.... ew Mexico and the United States went to war over a tremendous measure of landscape what would add up to 50% of Mexico into the US.... easons for the war ... he war started because of several reasons that were influenced from the United States side.... The war was started due to an imperialistic movements in the United States that sought to create a connection of the union from the Pacific Oceans to the Atlantic, regardless of who occupied or owned the land in between these two regions....

Preview sample

The American Civil War Was One of the Greatest Events

5 pages (1480 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

The paper "The American Civil war Was One of the Greatest Events" states that the American civil war in 1860 is a perfect example of how race, economics, and politics are interconnected.... The American civil war was one of the greatest events in the history of the US.... The war was fought between the North and the South or what was referred to as the confederacy consisting of seven states.... Though the war was very extensive and deadly, its cause has never been fully established....

Preview sample

The Cybernetics Era and Cold War Military Strategy

6 pages (1714 words) , Download 1 , Essay

Free

Gere also supports the development of computers as the cybernetics era and thus give his reasoning that why he thinks the cold war era was supposed to a development in technology era.... The post WWII era as the cold war came up with the redefinition of the computing using the computer researches.... The essay "The Cybernetics Era and cold war Military Strategy" provides the analysis of the book 'Digital Culture' by Charlie Gere and presents arguments that put light on the history of digital development in the society....

Preview sample

Was War in Iraq a Necessary Necessity or an Act of Violence

16 pages (4000 words) , Download 2 , Literature review

Free

Darley (2007) points out that the war in Iraq is not comparable to the war in Vietnam, since the policy on the vietnam found large scale disapproval in terms of public opinion, while in the case of the Iraq war, most people supported the war but their support has dwindled due to unhappiness with the manner in which the war is being handles and because the policies have not been effective.... The paper 'Was war in Iraq a Necessary Necessity or an Act of Violence?...

Preview sample

Old and New Wars

8 pages (2424 words) , Download 0 , Literature review

Free

New wars therefore developed as a result of the termination of the cold war.... Conflicts that emerged after cold war are distinguished by an alteration of actors, a huge rise in civilian casualties as well as emergence of a novel shadow warfare economy.... 16) argues that with the termination of cold war and the surfacing of novel wars, countries have lost their monopoly of martial forces and their authorities are being confronted by numerous non-state actors....

Preview sample

Trend and Pattern of Armed Conflicts since the Cold War

12 pages (3806 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

The paper "Trend and Pattern of Armed Conflicts since the cold war" discusses that in accordance with Lehti (2003) the development of reconciliation efforts – for resolving armed conflicts internationally – has been made easier since the end of the cold war.... It is essential to state that the current paper focuses on the examination of the changes in trends and patterns of armed conflicts since the end of the cold war, i.... rend and pattern of armed conflicts since the cold war Introduction The continuous change in the social, political and economic characteristics of countries worldwide has led to the development of conflicts for protecting the interests involved in the various phases of this process....

Preview sample

Did the West Really Win the Cold War

7 pages (2088 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

The paper "Did the West Really Win the cold war?... tells that even as there exists a broad array of factors involved in the cold war, this essay attempts to develop a perspective on the issue through examining the extent that the West, specifically European nations, to have won the cold war.... he Winner of the cold war Introduction ‘Winning the cold war' is a very debatable principle since it can be understood as a moral excuse for all the defence and foreign policies of the Western administrations — for instance, military involvement in Nicaragua during Reagan's term, a tactic which foresaw perhaps combating and winning a major war and unparalleled budgets for peacetime military (Painter 1999)....

Preview sample

Causes of the Korean War

5 pages (1503 words) , Download 4 , Essay

Free

"The Impact of the Korean War on the cold war".... It was the first armed confrontation of the cold war, which without a doubt set the standard for later confrontations.... Worried about the domino effect, the US has had several other wars and operations against communism, including the notorious vietnam war, one of the most traumatic experiences of the US in the 20th century.... The paper "Causes of the Korean war" states that in terms of the balance of power between the US and the Soviet Union, the war emphasized the US's unrelenting will to prevent the proliferation of communism, and made clear that it will stop at nothing to ensure this....

Preview sample

How Far was 'Stalinism' an Attempt to Recreate the Soviet Union as a 'Total War' State and Society by 1940

9 pages (2018 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

This paper ''How Far was 'Stalinism' an Attempt to Recreate the Soviet Union as a 'Total war' State and Society by 1940'' tells that Joseph Stalin was the leader of Soviet Union between 1924 to 1953.... In relation to the leadership style used by Stalin, this study will focus on discussing how far Stalinism was an attempt to recreate the Soviet Union as a 'total war' state and a society by 1940.... How Far was Stalinism an Attempt to Recreate the Soviet Union as a Total war and Society by 1940 ID Number & Code ...

Preview sample

Media Coverage of War

9 pages (2463 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Free

During the war, information from the journalists is often censored by the media organizations, resulting in false reporting and biased news.... This paper "Media Coverage of war" examines media coverage during the war, with a detailed focus on the war in Iraq.... war is one of the major newsworthy events that attract numerous media attention.... war is one of the major newsworthy events that attract numerous media attention....

Preview sample

History- World War I

2 pages (500 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Free

Because of its magnitude it was referred to as the “Great war” and it was even thought to be “The war to End All Wars.... Such qualification of an event requires it to have no match in history prior to its occurrence in terms of the vastness of the battlefield, the nations involved, the type of Pre-requisites for a World war qualification The war that took place in 1914-1918 was a great part of the history of the world....

Preview sample

The History of Korian War and International Relationships

1 pages (448 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

First, the Korean War laid the groundwork for the vietnam war.... Addressing this first issue, of the Korean War laying the groundwork for the vietnam war, this item is clearly debatable.... Many factors went into the vietnam war and the United States' entry into it.... Second, Eisenhower was elected on a pledge to stop the Korean War, so it does not make much sense that he would want to hop right into the vietnam war.... In the midst of the cold war, no one wanted to take any chances....

Preview sample

Chinese Democracy and Change in the Chinese Perspective after the Cold War

7 pages (2137 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

The paper "Chinese Democracy and Change in the Chinese Perspective after the cold war" tells that China was founded in 1949 and that China has always, especially over the past 20 years, observed the diplomatic thinking initiated by late Chinese leaders Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping.... he role of the cold war ... here has been change in the perspective of China after the cold war ... China clearly understood that its economic liberalization program depended on a peaceful and stable international environment in the post–cold war era, in turn recognizing the need to adjust its foreign policy toward that end....

Preview sample

World War II Battles

12 pages (3257 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Free

Part 3: From World War to Cold War Having regard to the dynamics of the cold war, it is very likely that the cold war would have developed as it had, if the US had emerged from the Second World War as economically and physically devastated as the Soviet Union had.... the cold war was a conflict in political ideologies that was characterized by suspicion, mistrust, intolerance and patriotism on the part of the US and the Soviet Union (Whitfield, 1996)....

Preview sample

Marketing International Business - Vietnam and Hofstede Cultural Dimensions

5 pages (1736 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

the vietnam people score relatively higher in acknowledging that there are variations in power proximity between the less powerful low class persons and the powerful high class citizens.... This therefore implies that the UK firm must endeavor to contract the vietnam firm on long-term basis as against short contract.... This paper "Marketing International Business - vietnam and Hofstede Cultural Dimensions" takes a critical analysis of the cultural aspects at play with the Vietnamese people along the lines of individualism and collectivism, masculinity and femininity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance....

Preview sample

What explains the widening and deepening of international peace operations after the Cold War

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

The Berlin Siege of 1948, the Korean Civil War in 1950-1953, the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the vietnam war in 1959-1975, the Missile Attacks in Cuba (1962) and the Soviet-Afghanistan War in 1979-1989 all accounted for the terrible lethal strikes that occurred within this span of time.... Among the many significant historical episodes that the entire world witnessed in the current century, the cold war remains one of the most remarkable as well as particularly baffling chapter....

Preview sample

Contrast between World War 1 & World War 2

5 pages (1348 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

This essay "Contrast between World war 1 & World war 2" sheds some light on the first as well as the second world wars that are landmark events in modern world history.... In the case of the First World war, the principal actors were the European powers of Britain, Germany, Austria, etc with nominal participation from the United States.... The Second World war saw more meaningful participation from the United States of America, which was then set to become the leading superpower in the post-war years....

Preview sample

The Legacy Issues of Vietnam

3 pages (773 words) , Download 0 , Article

Free

This article is about the vietnam war and the destruction it caused in Vietnam and the United States during the Nixon era.... the vietnam war is one of the most divisive periods in the history of the US which polarized American society and disrupted the political atmosphere ultimately bringing a premature end to the Nixon presidency.... In conclusion, the article highlights the disastrous consequences of the vietnam war; the unethical and immoral agreements and policies adopted by the then President, and its impact in shaping the perception of the country on a global level....

Preview sample

VA Policies on Gulf War Syndrome

20 pages (5000 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Free

The US military extensively used the defoliant Agent Orange during the vietnam war which resulted in diverse medical problems in veterans exposed to the substance.... ealth Economics and Policy provides extensive information on various service related diseases and the actions taken by the government to curb these illnesses such as those reported by veterans who served in the vietnam war and the Persian Gulf.... "the vietnam Veteran Experience: A Life Course and Aging Perspective"....

Preview sample

Urban Air Pollution in Vietnam

5 pages (1090 words) , Download 0 , Research Proposal

Free

The paper "Urban Air Pollution in vietnam" discusses that the intensity with which urban air pollution is on the rise in vietnam portends a gloomy situation in the times to come.... Vehicular traffic accounts for more than 70 per cent of urban air pollution in vietnam.... Urban Air Pollution Control Policy in vietnam: Impact on Health By of the Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the ... The intensity with which urban air pollution is on the rise in vietnam portends a gloomy situation in the times to come....

Preview sample

Timid President-Futile War

3 pages (750 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Talk of timid president and a futile war from an American perspective brings to mind former U.... Talk of timid president and a futile war from an American perspective brings to mind former U.... Bush and the war in Iraqi and Afghanistan; the most recent wars America has been involved in, that are widely considered to have been futile.... It was therefore an embarrassment to the bush administration when the WMD were never found and nothing could justify the military expenditure on the war (McClellan & McClellan, 2008)....

Preview sample

Psychological Route to War

12 pages (3000 words) , Download 2 , Essay

For centuries, leaders have used war as a means of promoting their prowess on the international stage.... Statesmanship was required to decide whether the United States should help Hungary when the Soviets attacked it (we did not), Tibet when China occupied it (we did not), Rwanda when a civil war killed thousands (we did not), Kosovo and Bosnia in the Balkans when they erupted in chaos (we did), Haiti when a new president could not take office (we did), Iraq when it invaded Kuwait (we did), or Iraq when it refused to obey United Nations resolutions (we did)," (Wilson p....

Preview sample

Feminism and World War II in England

18 pages (4438 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Free

“Feminism and the Challenges of the ‘Post-cold war' World.... ?? perspectives on Politics 3 (2007): 665-666.... This research paper "Feminism and World war II in England" presents women who achieved the right of voting and gained a majority of the rights in the legal world in England, they were many areas where women were treated as inferior gender and were negated of equal rights and opportunities as men.... FEMINISM AND WORLD war II IN ENGLAND module 22 December FEMINISM AND WORLD war II IN ENGLAND Introduction (To be changed and completed) ...

Preview sample

The Impacts of Tourism in Vietnam

10 pages (2500 words) , Download 2 , Case Study

Free

This paper outlines that to the outside world, Vietnam is associated with war and poverty.... On the world map of tourism, Vietnam has lagged behind due to the 11-year old war which started on 7th August 1964 and ended on 30th April 1975 leaving the country crippled with destruction all-around.... The blurring impact of war drew a curtain to the scenic beauty and cultural heritage of Vietnam.... To the outside world, Vietnam is associated with war, destruction and poverty....

Preview sample

Gulf War Syndrome, Physical and Psychological Stress

9 pages (2509 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

here is another argument that unexplained health problems are not restricted only to Gulf War, but were reported even after US Civil War, World Wars I and II, and later in vietnam war.... From the paper "Gulf war Syndrome, Physical and Psychological Stress " it is clear that Gulf war veterans and nondeployed era veterans reported similar clusters of symptoms and illnesses.... However, Gulf war veterans reported these same clusters with greater frequencies than did nondeployed veterans....

Preview sample

The Cultural Aesthetic of Wong Kar-wai

13 pages (3522 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Free

The paper "The Cultural Aesthetic of Wong Kar-wai" discusses that considered a modern-day auteur, Won Kar-wai is known for his unique cinematic flair combining innovative style filmmaking with an aesthetic quality borne from the first new wave of directors of which he was a part.... ... ... ... Another feature his films observe is the overpowering and all-encompassing theme of technology and modernity that the characters must come to terms with and establish themselves as part of the times....

Preview sample

The Vietnam War's Impact on the United States

10 pages (2701 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

This paper "the vietnam war's Impact on the United States" discusses the vietnam war that became the benchmark by which American military limitations can be measured.... The Vietnam Wars Impact on the United s A product of justifications stemming from the Cold War andanti-communism sentiments, the vietnam war became the benchmark by which American military limitations can be measured.... The political dynamics that result from war, particularly the vietnam war, produce a myriad of varying effects....

Preview sample

Mark Twain's The War-Prayer

8 pages (2000 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

Although Mark twain wrote “The war-Prayer” over a century ago, no doubt that had he been alive today, he would have written the same thing.... Mark Twain's “The war-Prayer” Mark Twain's “The war-Prayer” Introduction Although Mark twain wrote “The war-Prayer” over a century ago, no doubt that had he been alive today, he would have written the same thing.... in its interventions in conflicts in other nations, and with its war or terror, the U....

Preview sample

The Cost of War How Government Can Strategically Reduce the Cost of War

15 pages (3750 words) , Download 2 , Essay

war, no matter how big or small it is, involve huge expenditures to be sustained for the desired period of time.... In modern times, it is believed in some quarters that wars benefit the economies of the first world countries which are rich to begin with, or countries which initiated the war....

Preview sample

Crisis of Confidence: The American Military Failure in Vietnam

9 pages (2378 words) , Download 1 , Essay

Free

By early 1968, the vietnam war had become the longest foreign war in the country's history.... he statistics do not lie, however: by January, 1970, the vietnam war had seen over 40,000 American soldiers killed and over 250,000 wounded.... n retrospect, there were two primary reasons that the United States lost the vietnam war.... American tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the origins of the vietnam war.... Into the Quagmire: Lyndon Johnson and the Escalation of the vietnam war....

Preview sample

The First World War

6 pages (1798 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

From the paper "The First World war" it is clear that the 100th anniversary held in 2014 shed a lot of light especially when it comes to lessons that can be learned from WWI, some of which could be put into practice to avoid future occurrences of the same.... The First World war was an international war that originated in Europe and spread to different parts of the world.... In 2014, the First World war centenary was held in memory of the war's outbreak and its consequences....

Preview sample

A Role in the Development of Cold War

6 pages (3152 words) , Download 2 , Term Paper

Free

The paper 'A Role in the Development of Cold War' presents the cold war which is related to the conflict between the USA and Russia regarding the control over the international community.... On the other hand, it has been extensively supported that the cold war has its origins in Asia and more specifically to China where the fall of Communism.... Global issues - Was the cold war inevitable Introduction Usually, the cold war is related with the conflict between USA and Russia regarding the control over the international community....

Preview sample

Korean War in 1950

13 pages (3862 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Free

However, the war got caught in a limbo between World War II and the cold war, both of which were still fresh and reverberating.... It was the extension of the cold war, defined by YourDictionary.... Other sources said that the growing Soviet influence throughout Europe, the US need to preserve its status, and the poor US-USSR relations were some of the immediate causes of the cold war.... the cold war was somehow responsible for planting “the seeds of civil war....

Preview sample

The Complications of War Veterans in Readjusting

7 pages (1961 words) , Download 2 , Research Paper

Free

The Centre for Policy Research in New York discovered that over a third of the men who participated in heavy combat in the vietnam war showed signs of acute post-traumatic stress (Gulgowski 30).... the vietnam war was hated by the general public, and when the veterans returned home, they were not welcomed as war heroes.... From the paper "The Complications of war Veterans in Readjusting" it is clear that many soldiers develop mental problems due to stress and to cope with it they seek drug abuse or even commit suicide....

Preview sample

Assignment 3: World War II through the 1970s

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 2 , Assignment

The paper will also discuss the role played by women during the Second World War and ways in which the vietnam war brought some consciousness to the young American generation.... World war II through the 1970's Name: University: Abstract There are various historical turning points in American history.... World war II through the 1970's Introduction Historical turning points in American society, economy and politics There are several historical turning points that have shaped the nature of modern American society, politics and economy since the Second World war to the 1970s....

Preview sample

War of Retribution

7 pages (1873 words) , Download 1 , Essay

Free

The essay "war of Retribution" focuses on the critical analysis of the main peculiarities of the war of retribution, which is a justified war, a universally recognized moral use of force.... It is a war between major and minor powers.... Jus in bello establishes the rules for the conduct of war once it begins.... Jus ad bellum lays down the conditions under which war can justifiably be waged....

Preview sample

Are there ever circumstances in which nations are justified in suspending the laws of war

10 pages (2500 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Ethics of war: Circumstances in Suspending the Laws of war Countries have their issues and may decide to sort them in their own way, which includes war.... However, the law of war, which is a governing body, has stipulated laws that are deemed to control the indulgence of war.... At this point, there are some justifications that are connected to war.... This is in reflection to the reasoning behind the eruption of war between countries, states and among regions....

Preview sample

Comparison of the Persian Gulf War of 1991 and The Iraq War of 2003

6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2 , Essay

Free

war and reports of war have been a reality of our life, more so in recent times.... After 9/11, the threat of war had been looming large, especially with the President George Bush coming out with knee-jerk jingoistic reactions, which was pardonable considering the shock and dismay generated by the incident.... Then came the actual war in 2003.... The question of the political expediency of the war of 2003 was drowned in a collective American fear of threats to security....

Preview sample

National Victory in the Spanish Civil War

8 pages (2000 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Free

In the paper 'National Victory in the Spanish Civil war" the author analyzes a military rising originated in Morocco, headed by General Francisco Franco which spread rapidly all over the country between 1936 and 1939.... This was the beginning of the Spanish Civil war.... National Victory in the Spanish Civil war ... This was the beginning of the Spanish Civil war.... After years of bloody war, Franco's Nationalists defeated the Republicans, which added Spain to the list of European nations (Miller)....

Preview sample

World War II as a Just War

7 pages (1867 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

This work called "World war II as a Just war" describes this claim that the war fought by the 'Allies' was a just war, by describing the true nature and criteria required to name a war as a 'Just war'.... From this work, it is clear that a war would only produce desired results and cut the death toll to a minimum if the above-given principles are followed.... Out of all the wars which took place in this century, the Second World war is considered to be the only occasion where one side of the conflict could be justified as following the criteria required for fighting a 'Just war'....

Preview sample

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 and the Iraq War of 2003

8 pages (8221 words) , Download 1 , Literature review

Free

The paper "The Persian Gulf war of 1991 and the Iraq war of 2003" states that the article has been written before the Iraq war of 2003.... But it could well have been written about it, because it talks of issues that are linked to this war, of issues that caused it.... After 9/11, the threat of war had been looming large, especially with President George Bush coming out with knee-jerk jingoistic reactions, which was pardonable considering the shock and dismay generated by the incident....

Preview sample

The War on Terror

8 pages (2443 words) , Download 3 , Essay

Free

This paper ''The war on Terror'' tells us that throughout the long history of humans and specifically Western society, till the 19th century, torture has been long used as a tool for interrogation.... Discuss in relation to the war on Terror.... As the theories enhanced, there is a huge debate on the torture ethics which is going on since years, and especially after 2001 when there was an initiative of the war on terror by collaboration of many countries....

Preview sample

Global War on Terrorism

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 3 , Assignment

Free

This paper explores the war on terrorism, a campaign launched against Al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations with the objective of defeating them.... rgumentative essay on global war on terrorism The war on terrorism is a campaign launched against Al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations with the objective of defeating them.... he then president, George Bush took the initiative and claimed to fight the war on terrorism on behalf of the whole world....

Preview sample

American Perspective Short Stories

5 pages (1250 words) , Download 2 , Essay

the vietnam war is considered as the most costly war that the Americans have ever engaged in.... The modern day radical movements such as al-Qaida and Taliban that have cost the US millions of dollars also have their roots in the vietnam war.... To analyze the cost of vietnam war effectively, the two warring nations need to be treated as separate entities.... This is because the costs incurred by the America were not similar to those incurred by the vietnam....

Preview sample

The Spanish Civil War

8 pages (2182 words) , Download 0 , Essay

Free

The paper "The Spanish Civil war" discusses that the consequences could only lead to violence and bloodshed as citizens of vastly different needs and desires clashed.... The Spanish Civil war pitted 'regionalists against centralists, anti-clericals against Catholics, landless laborers against latifundistas, workers against industrialists.... Running Head: Spanish Civil war ... The Spanish Civil war refers to the war of 1936-9....

Preview sample

Essays on Perspectives on the Cold War, Decolonization and the Vietnam War