A Negative Impact of Excessive Drinking to the Females and Males - Coursework Example

Bingе Drinking Name Institution Bingе Drinking Abstract Excessive drinking poses a big negative impact especially to the females as compared to the males. However, it is evident that, in general terms, excessive drinking is bad for both cases because it doesn’t work for any advantage or gain. The necessitated comparison between the two groups fosters deduction of the impact of excessive drinking on either case. For retrieval of more reliable information on the same, conducting a questionnaire is significant for ultimate tabling of the opinions from different parties. This goes alongside the majority support of a particular opinion as well as the minority consideration. Participation of thirteen people, in the research, is substantial to obtain more reliable results. The outstanding outcome revolves around the ultimate negativity from females concerning the bad impact of excessive drinking as compared to men who prefer drinking under normal conditions. Apparently, females dislike excessive drinking as compared to males. Introduction Basically, an attitude is the state of mind or feeling that defines one’s intention towards a more defined aspect. Most of the time, the attitude of a person biases the decision to be made at some point. This means that the state of mind is very important in the life of any individual because it essentially determines the decisions to be made. This decision determines one’s way of life accompanied with what is to be done and what is not expected to happen in an individual’s life. Group attitude, on the other hand, handles the common attitude that a particular group of people, basing on gender or any other social aspect, has over a particular behavior or social value (Martin & National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1995). It is important to measure attitudes, especially for a given group of people, because the degree of positivity or negativity, apparently, determines the mass behavior, which can constructively or destructively affect the lives of people (Engs & Hanson, 1990). The most reliable research carried in the past and the case studies indicate that the mindset behind the commonality of the idea among individuals tend to build the confidence among them in doing or behaving in a certain way. It is of significance to study the trend of the attitudes such that the behavior of individuals can be regulated by introducing special factors in place that will foster behavior change among the individuals and thereby impacting their lives in a more constructive way (Afitska, 2008). In this context, the attitude object revolves around preclusion of the impacts brought by excessive drinking especially among the females. This is because, as seen in the previous documented researches, excessive drinking tends to have more negative impacts on females compared to males in the society. The idea of taking care of gender, basing on the welfare of women, is one of the essential undertakings that look forth in gunning down the probable negative impacts that females face in the normal social life. A research carried out basing on college settings reveal that young men care less about the post impact of excessive alcohol. A big percentage of young men still are much willing to sustain their drinking habit in their future life. In the journal of the Indian academy of applied psychology, 79% percent of the boys drink out of their own will without any compelling factors (Kirmani & Suman, 2010). However, a bi percentage of the young ladies seem to be having compelling factors behind their drinking habits. Most of them complain about the negative impact excessive drinking has brought to their relationship and general social life. They further complained about the extent to which drinking has affected their lives with no gain accompanied. It is evident that, as far as both genders enjoy drinking, the female gender seems to be suffering from drinking and generally alcoholism. Method The requirement of developing a quantitative research led to the ultimate improvisation of the questionnaire, which availed the inquiries meant to net opinions of the people from different gender. For the purpose mentioned before, thirteen participants were available to achieve the end goal, of which five were male while the remaining eight were females. However, no incentives or any special requirements were required to encourage the young people in involving themselves in the research. The sources employed complete anonymity because the respondents’ identity was not necessary. The assumption of the finer details of the respondents open the free zone where the participants were granted the free will to relinquish their suggestions, opinions or any necessitated idea (McCarty, 2004). Handling of the questionnaires demanded some materials. This included the papers on which the questions were availed to the participants, the pens, the score scale, calculator, and the printed spread sheet. This gives a summation of five different types of items that were required in meeting the requirements of the above mentioned methodology. The respond scoring scale was used to compare the response delivered by the participants and the percentage rating corresponding to the option. This enables recording and finding the average of the response, which enables in analysis and thereby giving the most appropriate conclusion and recommendation. The scale computation was as follows: Strongly Agree= 100%, Agree= 75%, Neither Agree nor Disagree =50%, Disagree =25% and finally Strongly Disagree =0%. During the entire process of collecting data, there was no defined procedure that was put in use. However, issuance of the questionnaires required, first and foremost, gathering he participants together an explaining to them what was required of them. Secondly, participants were informed on picking one option out of the five choices for each question. After the entire process of responding to the questions, data analysis was the next step, in which the answers availed by the participants were recorded basing on the scoring scale. Results Basing on the scale, the average calculated for each female and male is recorded below. The average for each respondent is expressed in percentage, where A1 is a domain standing for the male category and A2 is a representative domain for the female category. A1= 45, 50, 40, 35 and 30. A2= 40, 35, 25, 20, 30, 25, 35 and 20. The grand mean of the attitude scale score is given below ∑= (45+50+40+35+30+40+35+25+20+30+25+20)/ (13) = 430/13 = 33.08 This shows that the total attitude score scale cutting across all the participants irrespective of the gender is 33.08. The standard deviation for the averaged data obtained from the data collection is expressed as The Sample Standard Deviation:   The table below helps in deducing the deviations Percentage value Calculated mean Deviation Variance 45 33.08 11.92 142.0864 50 33.08 16.92 286.2864 40 33.08 6.92 47.8864 35 33.08 1.92 3.6864 30 33.08 -3.08 9.4864 40 33.08 6.92 47.8864 35 33.08 1.92 3.6864 25 33.08 -8.08 65.2864 20 33.08 -13.08 171.0864 30 33.08 -3.08 9.4864 25 33.08 -8.08 65.2864 35 33.08 1.92 3.6864 20 33.08 -13.08 171.0864 Totals -0.04 1026.9232 But the standard deviation is =√variance Variance= 1026.923/13 =78.9941 Standard deviation =√78.9941 = 8.8879 The above computation is for the general case. Under the research, the hypothesis revolves around the attitudes people have on the excessive drinking based on the gender parity. This indicates that female have three degrees of freedom while for male, they can only have two degrees of freedom as determined by the Spearman’s speculations. For each group, the following computations are valid. The mean for male = (45+50+40+35+30)/ (5) = 40 Mean deviation can be obtained from the table below Percentage value Calculated mean Deviation Variance 45 40 5 25 50 40 10 100 40 40 0 0 35 40 -5 25 30 40 -10 100 Totals 200 0 250 Standard deviation basing on the attitude scoring scale is =√variance Variance=250/5 = 50 Standard deviation = √50 = 7.071 For the female, the following computations are valid from the table The mean is = (40+35+25+20+30+25+35+20) /8 = 230/8 =28.75 Percentage value Mean Deviation Variance 40 28.75 11.25 126.5625 35 28.75 6.25 39.0625 25 28.75 -3.75 14.0625 20 28.75 -8.75 76.5625 30 28.75 1.25 1.5625 25 28.75 -3.75 14.0625 35 28.75 6.25 39.0625 20 28.75 -8.75 76.5625 Totals 0 387.5 The standard deviation is = √variance = √ (387.5/8) = 6.9597 Finally, the test value for the two samples, that is for both male and female can be computed as follows Where x1 = mean for male X2= mean for female t= (40-28.75)/√ (7.071/5 + 6.9597/8) =11.25/√ (1.4142+0.8700) = 11.25/1.5114 =7.44 Therefore, the t value under the t-test is 7.44. The degree of freedom for the sample Degree of freedom for male = 5-1=4 Degree of freedom for female = 8-1= 7 Total degree of freedom = 7x4 = 28 The p value for the general statistics is given by P= (x-µ)/s/√n =0.04/ (8.8879/√13) = 0.04/2.5 =0.016 The figure reflect a big difference in the attitudes of the female and male, especially with when it comes to issues related to excessive drinking. The percentage of male settles on 40%, which is a figure that reflects on the figure of men who are still willing to continue with the drinking habit. On the other hand, only 28.75% of the female are willing to continue with the drinking habit. Discussion As mentioned earlier, excessive drinking works for no gain and should therefore be discouraged, both in male and females regardless of the negativity of the opinions and suggestions by the masses. From the computations, 40% and 28.75% of male and female support the excessive drinking behavior respectively. These figures are a clear assurance that male are more in for retaining the drinking habits compared to females, who seem to be less willing in engaging themselves in the drinking habit (Ashford, LeCroy & Lortie, 2010). However, the standard deviations indicate slight variations, such that more or less might be of similar opinion depending on the attitude and the driving habit. A keen analysis of the percentage attitude willingness indicates negativity of the people on issues related to heavy drinking. Despite the higher percentage of positivity shown by male, still it stands out that the habit does not win the ultimate willingness of the majority. The idea of relatively smaller percentage of the female who are willing to live with the excessive drinking habit, it is clear that they are highly affected by the habit. They face different kinds of problems as a result of excessive drinking. The most outstanding types of problems include the health problems, social problems and economic challenges (Tyler, 2006). Past case studies as well as reliable documented researches reveal on the health problems women face as a result of drinking excessively. Some of these problems revolve around vomiting, extended hangovers, headaches, depression and cirrhosis in extreme cases. On social ground, women face social challenges like divorce, domestic violence and many other marital problems. This means that there are more negative impacts that females face compared to male. Medical research also supports the idea that women are extremely affected by excessive drinking. This is true because ladies get easily drunk and tend to forget themselves. Despite the many problems that women face due to excessive drinking, it is also evident that men are also affected by the habit. As revealed before, the percentage of men willing to maintain the habit falls below 50%. This is a clear indicator that men are also suffering in some way. The most outstanding problem faced by men with excessive drinking habit revolves around family irresponsibility, divorce depression. Case studies and documented research reveal on the declining rate of the drinking habit by men across the globe. The social challenge and the economy have kept the most responsible men struggling to stabilize their respective families. However, it is evident that men can still manage their drinking habits and at the same time, trying as much as possible to avoid excessive drinking. Conclusion Excessive drinking is negatively affecting the lives of people. The research methodology implemented in the case study above reveal on the figures that are substantially no promising in terms of maintaining the habit in the course of an individual’s life. However, the attitude possessed by both male and female cannot be assumed to be at par. This is because the two have their own different reasons for every habit they have in their respective lives. Despite the differences, there is still a big chance of fighting against excessive drinking across all the genders (Bryant-Jefferies, 2006). References Kirmani, N.M & Suman, L.N. (2010). Gender Differences in Alcohol Related Attitudes and Expectancies among College Students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(1): 19-24. Engs, R. C. & D. J. Hanson. (1990). Gender Differences in Drinking Patterns and Problems Among College Students: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 35(2):36-47. Tyler, K. A. (2006). Examining the Changing Influence of Predictors on Adolescent Alcohol Misuse. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse.16 (2): 95-114. McCarty, C. A. (2004). Continuity of Binge and Harmful Drinking From Late Adolescence to Early Adulthood. Pediatrics.114 (3), 714-719. Afitska, N. (2008). The Relationship between Teenage Binge drinking, Age of First Alcohol Consumption and Intoxication. Journal of Substance Use, 13(3), 205–218. Bryant-Jefferies, R. (2006). Counseling young binge drinkers: Person-centred dialogues. Oxford; Seattle: Radcliffe Pub. Ashford, J. B., LeCroy, C. W., & Lortie, K. L. (2010). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidimensional perspective. Australia: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Martin, S. E., Mail, P. D., & National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.). (1995). The effects of the mass media on the use and abuse of alcohol. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Appendix The attitude scoring scale is the most important where Strongly Agree= 100% Agree= 75% Neither Agree nor Disagree =50% Disagree =25% Strongly Disagree =0%. Read More

Handling of the questionnaires demanded some materials. This included the papers on which the questions were availed to the participants, the pens, the score scale, calculator, and the printed spread sheet. This gives a summation of five different types of items that were required in meeting the requirements of the above mentioned methodology. The respond scoring scale was used to compare the response delivered by the participants and the percentage rating corresponding to the option. This enables recording and finding the average of the response, which enables in analysis and thereby giving the most appropriate conclusion and recommendation.

The scale computation was as follows: Strongly Agree= 100%, Agree= 75%, Neither Agree nor Disagree =50%, Disagree =25% and finally Strongly Disagree =0%. During the entire process of collecting data, there was no defined procedure that was put in use. However, issuance of the questionnaires required, first and foremost, gathering he participants together an explaining to them what was required of them. Secondly, participants were informed on picking one option out of the five choices for each question.

After the entire process of responding to the questions, data analysis was the next step, in which the answers availed by the participants were recorded basing on the scoring scale. Results Basing on the scale, the average calculated for each female and male is recorded below. The average for each respondent is expressed in percentage, where A1 is a domain standing for the male category and A2 is a representative domain for the female category. A1= 45, 50, 40, 35 and 30. A2= 40, 35, 25, 20, 30, 25, 35 and 20.

The grand mean of the attitude scale score is given below ∑= (45+50+40+35+30+40+35+25+20+30+25+20)/ (13) = 430/13 = 33.08 This shows that the total attitude score scale cutting across all the participants irrespective of the gender is 33.08. The standard deviation for the averaged data obtained from the data collection is expressed as The Sample Standard Deviation:   The table below helps in deducing the deviations Percentage value Calculated mean Deviation Variance 45 33.08 11.92 142.

0864 50 33.08 16.92 286.2864 40 33.08 6.92 47.8864 35 33.08 1.92 3.6864 30 33.08 -3.08 9.4864 40 33.08 6.92 47.8864 35 33.08 1.92 3.6864 25 33.08 -8.08 65.2864 20 33.08 -13.08 171.0864 30 33.08 -3.08 9.4864 25 33.08 -8.08 65.2864 35 33.08 1.92 3.6864 20 33.08 -13.08 171.0864 Totals -0.04 1026.9232 But the standard deviation is =√variance Variance= 1026.923/13 =78.9941 Standard deviation =√78.9941 = 8.8879 The above computation is for the general case. Under the research, the hypothesis revolves around the attitudes people have on the excessive drinking based on the gender parity.

This indicates that female have three degrees of freedom while for male, they can only have two degrees of freedom as determined by the Spearman’s speculations. For each group, the following computations are valid. The mean for male = (45+50+40+35+30)/ (5) = 40 Mean deviation can be obtained from the table below Percentage value Calculated mean Deviation Variance 45 40 5 25 50 40 10 100 40 40 0 0 35 40 -5 25 30 40 -10 100 Totals 200 0 250 Standard deviation basing on the attitude scoring scale is =√variance Variance=250/5 = 50 Standard deviation = √50 = 7.

071 For the female, the following computations are valid from the table The mean is = (40+35+25+20+30+25+35+20) /8 = 230/8 =28.75 Percentage value Mean Deviation Variance 40 28.75 11.25 126.5625 35 28.75 6.25 39.0625 25 28.75 -3.75 14.0625 20 28.75 -8.75 76.5625 30 28.75 1.25 1.5625 25 28.75 -3.75 14.0625 35 28.75 6.25 39.0625 20 28.75 -8.75 76.5625 Totals 0 387.5 The standard deviation is = √variance = √ (387.5/8) = 6.9597 Finally, the test value for the two samples, that is for both male and female can be computed as follows Where x1 = mean for male X2= mean for female t= (40-28.75)/√ (7.071/5 + 6.9597/8) =11.25/√ (1.4142+0.

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