Naltrexone: Relapse Prevention Maintenance - Assignment Example

Running Head: NALTREXONE TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE Naltrexone: Relapse Prevention Maintenance Treatment for Alcohol Dependence Affiliation John A. Rosenkirk University of Alabama Date Question 2 Luszcz & Bryan (1999) pointed out that we take for granted our ability to recall newly acquired information, such as recalling a telephone number, comprehending a story, or conducting a conversation. Implicit in these tasks is the ability to recall, in order, a sequence of items shortly after they are bought to our attention. However, as adults get older, their ability to retain and recall information deteriorates. Kausler, (1994); Park et al (2002) came up with a general agreement within their cognitive ageing literature that memory functioning declines with age, although not all types of memory show equal age deficits. According to Zacks & Hasher (2006), age-related decrements in memory are most evident in tasks assessing retention of information over a short period of time, whereas long-term established knowledge appears to be relatively well-preserved. Park et al, (2002) further highlight that older adults can use long-term knowledge to partially recompense for age-related declines in memory. In spite of the age-related differences in memory, the patterns of memory performance are similar for younger and older adults (Zacks & Hasher 2006). Understanding the characteristic of the relationship of this relationship has important practical and theoretical repercussion for Australia’s ageing population. References Luszcz, MA & Bryan, J. (1999) .Toward understanding age-related memory loss in Late adulthood. Gerontology; 45: 2-9. Park, D et al. (2002). Models of Visuospatial and Verbal Memory across the Adult Life Span. Psychology and Aging; 17(2): 299-320. Kausler, D. (1994).Learning and memory in normal aging. San Diego: Academic Press. Zacks, T & Hasher, L. (2006).Aging and long-term memory: Deficits are not Inevitable. In Bialystok, E & Craik .F (Eds.), Lifespan cognition: Mechanism of Change (pp. 162-177). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Question 3 The sentence below is taken from page 723 of your Psychology textbook by Burton, Westen and Kowalski (2009). Your task is to format the sentence in APA style in two ways: a) ‘’Although everyone likes to be alone at times, most people thrive on their relationships with others’’ (Westen & Kowalski 2009, p.723). b) Westen & Kowalski (2009) noted that ‘’although everyone likes to be alone at times, most people thrive on their relationships with others’’ (p723). Question 4 The material below is found on page 788 of your Psychology textbook by Burton, Westen, and Kowalski (2009). Your task is to format this material as a direct quote from the authors in APA style (2 marks). Formatted material Western & Kowalski (2009) highlight that ‘’the term indigenous people refers to the original inhabitants of a land or country, who in most cases now share their traditional homeland with many other people. Indigenous peoples are found right around the globe’’ (p788). Westen & Kowalski (2009) stated that ‘’Examples to include the Inuit of the Arctic, the Saami of Scandinavia, the Ainu of Japan, the Masai of Kenya, the Indians of the Americas, the Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders of Australia, and the Maori of New Zealand. Other countries where indigenous peoples are found include Pakistan, Bolivia, Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, Guatemala, Peru and Mongolia’’ (788). Question 5 The sentence below is taken from your Psychology textbook by Burton, Westen, and Kowalski (2009). If you wanted to write about what these authors found but had not actually read the published (1997) article by Goodwin and Ghaemi, you would use a secondary citation to cite this research in your own work. Remember, you would usually rephrase the information in this sentence in your own words (i.e., paraphrase the meaning of the sentence, using your own words) and include an appropriate secondary citation formatted in APA style. Formatted APA Lithium treatment can be used effectively for treatment of bipolar disorders. However antiseizure medications are equally effective for manic patients who experience difficulty in responding to lithium. (Western & Kowalski, 2009, as cited in Ghaemi, 1997). Question 6 Wilhelm et al. (2005) examined the effectiveness of cognitive therapy as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder. Fifteen adults, exhibiting symptoms consistent with the DSM-IV criteria for OCD participated in the study. Treatment consisted of one hour weekly individual sessions over a 14 week period. During the sessions psycho-educational information was provided, cognitive distortions were challenged, and strategies were provided regarding relapse prevention. In relation to the effectiveness of cognitive therapy as a treatment for OCD. They further argue that Cognitive therapy significantly reduced OCD symptoms for each participant. Beckian cognitive therapy not only reduced symptoms of OCD, but also reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognitive therapy effectively reduced symptoms for a sub-group of OCD participants that is, participants that had obsessions without overt compulsions. However, Wilhelm, et al. acknowledged that the study had several limitations. First, that the study had a small sample size. Secondly, that the participants in the study had less severe OCD and depression symptoms than participants on other trials. Wilhelm et al. (2005) additional states that cognitive therapy as a treatment for OCD is potentially as effective as the behavioral treatment of exposure with response prevention for example, earlier clinical trials have indicated that between nine-fifteen percent of clients with OCD responded to cognitive therapy. However, Abramowitz (2006) noted that the improvement in these trails was minimal. Question 7 Construct a reference list in APA style using the following four sources: edited book, online journal article (with DOI), electronic journal article (no DOI), and print journal article. All the information that you require to type the reference list is provided below 1. Edited book: Neil DA, et al. (2002). Strategic plan for interdisciplinary faculty development: arming the nation’s health professional workforce for a new approach to eating disorders. In A Stack& Edger (Ed.), The physician’s role in caring for patients with obesity: implications for medical education and training (pp 207–22). New York Association for Medical Education and Research in Eating Disorders, 2.Electronic journal article (with DOI) Dubray, A & Miessel, N. (2003). Chronic health associated with obesity. British Journal of General Practice,22, 705–9.doi: 10.1234/a0012345 3. Electronic journal article (no DOI): Bioche AM, et al.(2006).A meta-analytic review of obesity prevention programs for children and adolescents. Journal title and publication information: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 30, 401–8. Retrieved from http://www.psychsociety.com.au/journals/> 4.Journal article viewed in its print form: Stice E, et al. (2008). Dissonance and healthy weight eating disorder prevention programs: Long-term effects from a randomized efficacy trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 329–40. Running Head: TREATMENT OF OBESITY PAGE NUMBER Read More