Association Between Diabetes and Depression - Article Example

Health Psychology Affiliation The article “ Association between Diabetes and Depression: Sex and Age Differences” is a study that was carried by the University of Otawa in Canada back in 1996-1997, to inspect the association in existence between diabetes and depression prevalence within distinct age as well as age groups through analysis of the national residents health survey cross-sectional data. According to the article, diabetes happens to be among the most common non-communicable global diseases. In Canada, it happens to be a major problem to the public as well as widely spread. According to the writer, the investigators made use of multiple logistic regression models to adjust for possible confusing effects as well as bootstrap process for taking the sample weights as we’ll as design effects into account. It is very true that diabetes widely spread disease not only in Canada but across the world. According to (Perveen1, Muhammad, Muhammad, Juanita, & Ghazala, 2015), type 2 diabetes as well as depression are long cause diseases that have modifiable risk factors. The writer explains that more than 246,000,000 individuals within the world have been affected by diabetes (Perveen1, Muhammad, Muhammad, Juanita, & Ghazala, 2015). I Asia alone, the number of people who were affected by the disease in year 2007 rose up to 110,000, with different quantity of the young as well as the middle aged people (Perveen1, Muhammad, Muhammad, Juanita, & Ghazala, 2015). The survey’s results according to the article shows that diabetes happens to be much associated with depression prevalence within non-elderly women as well as the association seemed more stronger in young adults compared to those much older. (Zhaoa, Chena, Lina, & Sigal, 2006). It is true that diabetes is more prevalent as age goes by. This is supported by (Perveen1, Muhammad, Muhammad, Juanita, & Ghazala, 2015) in their article which is a survey conducted in a completely different part of the world. Both surveys show that different ages are differently affected by diabetes. According to (Perveen1, Muhammad, Muhammad, Juanita, & Ghazala, 2015), amongst type 2 diabetes patients, depretion is associaterd strongly with motality as well as mobility. Multiple nations have proved relationship of depression with type 2 depression. Developing nations within south of Asia the relationship is more within the rural locations within Bangladesh majorly among females. The relationship ia also in young adults and has been found to be in relation with physical activity. The study shows tat there exists some relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression, which is true as it has been proven by (Perveen1, Muhammad, Muhammad, Juanita, & Ghazala, 2015). People with diabetes may show symptoms such as depressio, followed by lower percieved compitence then at adut age one may cut self esteempresentations at adult ages. This has been proven to be true by the the National Institute of Mental Health in their Article Depression and Diabetes, where they mentions the symptoms as depression, stress due to daily management of diabetes as well as diabetes effects on brain could lead to depression as well. The depression could decrease the overal mental and physical health (The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014). According to the survey, it is unclear why reasons why there exists a much stronger relationship between depression and diabetes between human beings aged between 30 and 39 years. This could be true to some extend. According to the national Institute of Mental HEALTH, IT IS UNCLEAR the reasons for the relationship between the two conditions, regardless of age. They explain that it is not clear if diabetes leds to depression of depression leads to diabetes. However, both situations are linked (The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014). There are problems however with the way the survey was carried out. This could have made it possible for lesser accurate results. The survey was carried out by targeting individuals at the age of twelve years and above within all the provinces. It excluded individuals who lived within Indian reserves, a few remote parts of Ontario and Quebec. This was a major problem that shows that the results of the survey could have been wrong. This is because of the fact that only part of the population was represented in the sample. One could ask themselves if young people under the age of twelve cannot be affected by diabetes. Or if those people living within Quebec as well as Ontario, the Indian reserves as well as the bases of the forces were not prone to diabetes. However, the surveyors could argue that a survey is very expensive in their defense. They could as well argue that it is very time consuming to ensure that all elements represented. Another thing is the amount of personnel required to carry out a survey of such magnitude. But all this does not mean that the some of the population should have been left out unrepresented. Before initiation f the survey, the surveyors need to have subject population’s clear picture (state.pa.us, 2014). It is ok to establish an age limit especially the minimum age. This is because the sample size could save the program money as well as provide some better cooperation from the ones included within the survey, above all where the sample size is quite small. However, how will those cut out by the age limit be analyzed I they are subject to the matter at hand. The important thing to understand is that a representative sample is obtained. This is one, which does provide some small picture of a small piece of everything within the huge picture as well as has everything within a similar proportion as within the huge picture. It is important to understand that a sample is not part or segment of the population under investigation, however, it is a precise small representation of the whole population. Without this is not attained, then the entire population fails to be sufficiently represented (state.pa.us, 2014). That seems to be the case in the survey conducted here. The survey was carried out through telephone interviews. This was well thought of to some extend mainly because the surveyors were able to reach people through a wide geographical area. In real sense if face to face interviews were to be carried out, then it would not be easy to reach everyone given that the number o households interviewed 78,751. It may be possible to interview this number of households scattered all over the country but the expense in terms of money as well as time and personnel may be enormous. Through telephone interviews, the interviewers may have been able to reach people on sites with limited as well as closed access such as religious communities, prisons, cults as well as hospitals (Opdenakker, 2006). It was also a wise thing to conduct telephone interviews in the sense that the matters that were being discussed in the interview were quite sensitive and it might have been to some extent uncomfortable for some of the interviewees to talk about them face to face hence they might have found it easier to discuss them through the telephone. Another wise thing about the phone interviews that were used to conduct the interviews is that that the interviewers were able to reach the interviewees at areas of danger without necessarily being present. Areas of war, diseases that can easily be transmitted among other dangers were voided through phone interviews. All in all, the dangers that could have been in some areas did not affect the survey, thanks to telephone interviews. On the other hand, not everything was perfect just because phones were used to conduct the survey. For instance, the interviewers may have failed to capture some important information that is expressed by the interviewees through other communication means other than words. For instance, if they had conducted face to face interviews, could be that they could have gathered some information through interviewees body reactions. Also, the interviewers were not in a position to see the interviewee’s situation (Opdenakker, 2006). If they had conducted face to face interviews, could be that they would have made extra use of the standardized situation. On a face to face interview, the interviewer could have been in a position of respond to the words of the interviewee making the interviewee to feel the closeness hence open up to provide more information which could be in some way useful. However, this is likely to make the interviewer go out of topic. It is important that the interviewer ask the designed questions (Opdenakker, 2006). According to the article, every member of each representative household was requested to answer short general questionnaire, which is important since the interviewees do not get bored. The short questionnaires could have made the interviewees more motivated to answer willingly due to that fact that the interview was not consuming much of their time. Looking at the questions asked it is evident that they were in relation to the subject matter. The survey had been carried out to test the relationship between diabetes and depression interms of age and gender. The results from the survey seem true according to information from other sources. This is despite a survey that could have had some shortcomings which could have rendered incomplete results. It is true tha there exists a relationship between depression ann and diabetes. It has also been proven that the association may differ in different ages. References Opdenakker, R. (2006). Advantages and Disadvantages of Four Interview Techniques in Qualitative Research. Forum: Qualitative Social Research , 4. Perveen1, S., Muhammad, S. O., Muhammad, N. S., Juanita, H., & Ghazala, R. (2015). Association of depression with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes among adults aged between 25 to 60 years in Karachi, Pakistan. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome , 3. State.pa.us. (2014). Entire Population and Sample Size Surveys. Tools of Trade , 2. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2014). Depression and Diabetes. Helth nad Education , 3. Zhaoa, Chena, Lina, & Sigal, .. (2006). Association between diabetes and depression: Sex and age differences. Original Research , 9. Read More