Philosophy of Science - Term Paper Example

Philosophy of Science by The of the The of the School The and where it is located The Date Philosophy of science 1. Deductively valid but not sound All men are moral. Cats are men. Therefore, cats are mortal. London is famous and in England. If the city is famous, it will be a capital. Therefore, London is the capital of England. Fish is milk. Cats like milk. Cats like fish. 2. Deductively valid with false premises and a true conclusion Birds do not have feathers. I have feathers. I am not a bird.

Dogs have six legs. I have four legs. I am not a dog. Badgers have two heads. I have three heads. I am not a badger. 3. Deductively valid but otherwise persuasive If it is hot, I will sweat. I’m sweating. Therefore, it is hot. If my dog dies, I will cry. I’m crying. Therefore, my dog died. If I could fly, I would be very happy. I am very happy. Therefore, I can fly. It would not be a mistake to suggest that in our daily life we do not normally distinguish between the worth of an argument for a particular conclusion and the credibility of the conclusion.

In case the latter appears to be wrong we always can adjust it, but introducing new premises. Moreover, nothing really important ever depends on such arguments. However, when it comes to generating scientific knowledge, a simple mistake in an argument is able to show the wrong direction of a research and this will waste one’s time and resources and bright negative consequences. That is why a scholar should evaluate soundness and validity of one’s argument.