HIV in Nursing Issue according to Different Research Works - Annotated Bibliography Example

HIV in Nursing Annotated Bibliography HIV in Nursing Annotated Bibliography Nurses’ Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes Towards HIV/AIDS: Effects of a Health Education Intervention on two Nursing Groups in Cairo University, Egypt Taher, E., & Abdelhai, R., 2011 Taher and Abdelhai (2011) focused on the effectiveness of Information Education and Communication (IEC) programs for controlling ‘the expansion of HIV among nurses’ (p.144). Two nursing groups in Cairo University participated in the specific research: postgraduate nurses and undergraduate nurses (p.144). In Egypt, the rate of expansion of HIV is rather low as compared to other countries. Still, the risk of an epidemic seems to be high. Therefore, the study of Taher and Abdelhai (2011) can provide a solution for keeping the rate of expansion of HIV in Egypt at low levels. Even if the study of Taher and Abdelhai (2011) refers to a specific part of the population, the nurses, it could be effectively used for controlling the expansion of HIV in various social and professional groups. The research conducted by Taher and Abdelhai (2011) was divided into three phases: in the first phase the two nursing groups were asked to complete a questionnaire (p.145). During the ‘health education intervention’ (p.145) that followed, nurses were given material related to HIV. After the completion of the above program, nurses were asked to complete another questionnaire (p.145). The comparison of the pre-session and after-session questionnaires helped the researchers to identify the role of IEC programs in controlling the expansion of HIV among nurses. It was proved that the intervention led to the increase of awareness of nurses in regard to HIV. An important increase of the general knowledge score was reported: From 7.29 before the intervention to 8.01 after the intervention (p.146). Also, undergraduates seemed to be more benefited by the intervention than the postgraduate nurses (p.146). The IEC programs can be effective in controlling the expansion of HIV within various social groups. Student Nurses’ Perceptions on Caring for People with HIV Stavropoulou, A., Stroubouki, T., Lionaki, A., Lionaki, S., Bakogiorga, H., & Zidianakis, Z., 2011 The perceptions of nurses on caring and communicating with people that suffer from HIV can influence the performance of nurses in regard to the above activities. It is probably for this reason that Stavropoulou et al. (2011) have decided to focus on the particular subject. A key issue, also explored in the study mentioned above, is a potential effect on education on caring for people with HIV. The research has been conducted through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to nurses of the Technological Educational Institution of Crete, Greece. In total, 100 questionnaires were completed (p.291). A high percentage of the participants, about 40%, stated concerns for caring people with HIV (p.291). Moreover, about 40% of the participants noted that they would gladly care for people with HIV (p.291). At this point, the findings of the study seem to be opposed. Still, the responses of participants to most of the questions of the questionnaire reveal the fear related to the involvement of nurses in the care for people suffering from HIV. For example, 90% of the participants emphasized the high risk of being infected with HIV when caring for people with HIV (p.291). It should be noted that a high percentage of the participants, about 65%, highlighted the role of education in ‘improving the communication between the patients and health professionals’ (p.292). The study of Stavropoulou et al. (2011) verifies the following fact: even when the fear of caring for people with HIV is clear, the involvement of nurses in such activities is always possible. In addition, it has been proved that education can help nurses change their perceptions for caring and communicating with HIV-infected people. Knowledge and Attitudes of Jordanian Nurses towards Patients with HIV/AIDS: Findings From a Nationwide Survey Hassan, Z., & Wahsheh, M., 2011 Hassan and Wahsheh (2011) developed a survey for identifying the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian nurses towards patients with HIV. The specific study shows the level of awareness of Jordanian nurses about HIV and the level of their willingness to be involved in the caring for people with HIV. The survey has been based on a questionnaire. About 922 nurses participated in the survey, a fact that increases its validity. The rate of response to the survey reached the 73%, a rather high percentage (p.777). Moreover, the survey has been nationwide, meaning that the findings reflect clearly the attitudes of Jordanian nurses towards people with HIV. The participants work in ‘20 Jordanian hospitals’ (p.776), in the country’s public and private sector. The findings of the survey revealed an important problem: Nurses in Jordan are not fully aware of HIV and its consequences. In fact, among the 922 participants, the rate of correct responses has been proved to be between 20% and 53% – figures that are rather problematic if the rapid and unexpected changes developed in markets worldwide are taken into consideration. In any case, it has been made clear that the knowledge on HIV among nurses is low (p.780). It would be necessary for the training of nurses on HIV to be increased so that nurses are able to help people with HIV more effectively. Influences of Allocating HIV/AIDS Specialized Nurses on Clinical Outcomes in Japan Nishigaki, M., Sugino, Y., Seo, J., Shimada, M., Ikeda, K., & Kazuma, K., 2011 The study of Nishigaki et al. (2011) focuses on the examination of the impact of allocating specialized nurses on the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as used in people with HIV (p.11). The study is based on a research conducted in Japan. The researchers aimed to check whether the involvement of specialized nurses in such treatments can increase the chances for success. The antiretroviral therapy is used in the treatment of HIV. The success of the above therapy has been related to certain requirements. The ‘good adherence to medication’ (p.11) has been proved a critical factor for the improvement of the patients’ clinical outcome. At the same time, it seems that in cases that specialized nurses are allocated, the quality of the treatment is further increased (p.12). The research of Nishigaki et al. (2011) is based on observation. More specifically, the medical records of 116 patients with HIV have been reviewed for a period of ‘four and a half years, i.e. between January 2002 and June 2006’ (p.12). The participants had a common characteristic: they ‘had started ART therapy in the period from January 2002 to December 2004’ (p.12). The results make clear the potential relationship between the success of ART therapy and the allocation of specialized nurses. At the first level, it has been proved that specialized nurses were allocated only to 98 of the participants (p.13). Also, it seems that the allocation of specialized nurses increases the chances for success of the ART therapy ‘no matter the potential existence of other factors’ (p.16). According to the researchers, an important limitation of the study is the fact that it is based on the medical records to which the access was permitted (p.16). Patient- and Delivery-Level Factors Related to Acceptance of HIV Counseling and Testing Services Among Tuberculosis Patients in South Africa: a Qualitative Study With Community Health Workers and Program Managers Heunis, C., Wouters, E., Norton, W., Engelbrecht, M., Kigozi, G., Sharma, A., & Ragin, C., 2011 Heunis et al. (2011) aimed to identify the level at which patients with tuberculosis accept HIV consulting services rendered by healthcare practitioners working for the community. According to Heunis et al. (2011), patients with tuberculosis seem to avoid HIV consulting and testing, but the reasons of this behavior are not clear. In this way, current study would help to develop effective policies for promoting HIV consulting and testing, at least in countries with similar social environment. The study has been based on qualitative research, especially the ‘group discussions and semi-structured interviews’ (p.1). About 57 consultants and program managers have been asked to state their views about the barriers that prevent the patients with tuberculosis from accepting HIV consulting and testing (p.1). The findings of the research prove that there are many reasons for which patients with tuberculosis refuse to accept HIV consulting and testing. Some of these reasons are: a) the fear of HIV as an illness (p.4), b) the fear of the lack of confidentiality of health care practitioners participating in the relevant schemes (p.5), c) the lack of infrastructure for supporting these programs (p.5), d) ‘staff shortages’ (p.5), e) the lack of motivation by the medical staff (p.5). Indeed, in cases where health workers motivated the patients suffering from tuberculosis, the willingness of the latter to accept HIV consulting and testing has been significantly higher (p.6). It is clear that there are many factors that prevent patients with tuberculosis from asking HIV consulting and testing. Nurses supporting people with HIV in South Africa should be aware of the above fact. Attitudes of Nursing Students Towards Caring for People with HIV/AIDS: Thematic Literature Review Pickles, D., King, L. & Belan, I., 2009 Pickles, King, and Belan (2009) tried to identify the factors that influence ‘the attitudes of nursing students towards caring for people with HIV’ (p.2262). The study by the above researchers helps understand the willingness of nurses to care for people with HIV and the terms under which this willingness can be limited. After identifying those factors, it is easier to set appropriate policies for improving the communication between nurses and patients with HIV and to increase the capability of nurses in managing such cases. The introduction of educational sessions for informing nurses about the needs of patients with HIV would be an effective policy of such type (p.2262). The study by Pickles, King, and Belan (2009) is based on a literature review. ‘Eight electronic databases’ (p.2262) were used for identifying studies that refer to the specific subject. The research covered a long period, from 1996 to 2008 (p.2262). The studies retrieved were reviewed through the use of different criteria, such as relevance to the subject of the study. From the 496 studies initially retrieved, only 16 studies were peer-reviewed (p.2264). The study revealed that there are five factors that are likely to prevent nurses from caring for people with HIV: a) knowledge of HIV as a disease, b) ‘fear for contracting HIV’ (p.2265), c) ‘homophobia’ (p.2265), d) fear for a potential infection from HIV (p.2265) and e) the stigma related to the specific disease (p.2265). It is clear that the motivation of nurses to care for people with HIV is quite low. Improving the training of nurses in regard to HIV would help nurses to understand all aspects of this illness, a fact that would reduce their reluctance in caring for people with HIV. Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Coping Related to HIV and AIDS in a Rural Hospital in South Africa Mulaudzi, M., Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K., 2011 Mulaudzi, Pengpid, and Peltzer (2011) focused on the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in regard to HIV. During the last decade, the expansion of HIV in South Africa has been continuous. In 2008, the estimated number of patients with HIV in South Africa was about 5.5 million (p.25). Although the signs of the further expansion of HIV in the region are significant, the efforts made for the control of the disease are declining (p.25). The key reason is the reduction of nurses’ motivation in fighting the disease (p.25). Therefore, the study of Mulaudzi, Pengpid, and Peltzer (2011) is important for checking the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in regard to HIV and for evaluating their readiness to take initiatives for the control of the disease. The study is based on the findings of a survey conducted among the nurses of a rural hospital in South Africa. The questionnaire ‘has been distributed to 250 nurses’ (p.26). 222 nurses completed the questionnaire. The findings of the survey indicate the lack of knowledge in regard to various aspects of HIV. For example, answering about the ways HIV can be transmitted, nurses reached a low score (pp.26-27). Also, the nurses seemed to be unsure in regard to the prevention of HIV (p.27). As of the nature of HIV, nurses reached ‘a score of 4.3 of 6’. The introduction of appropriate training programs would help these nurses to respond more effectively to the demands of their role and to contribute better to the control over the infection. Knowledge of Iranian Nurses about HIV/AIDS: A Cross Sectional Study From Bandar Abbas Hasani, L., Aghamolaei, T., Tavafian, S. & Sabili, A., 2010 The knowledge of nurses about HIV has been also set under examination through the study of Hasani, Aghamolaei, Tavafian, and Sabili (2010). Their study focuses on the knowledge of Iranian nurses about HIV. The study is based on a survey conducted among the nurses working in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The key aim of the study is to identify the level of awareness of Iranian nurses in regard to HIV, for the purpose of suggesting the appropriate educational programs. In other words, the study is used as a criterion for designing an educational program that will help Iranian nurses increase their performance in dealing with HIV. The survey is based on a questionnaire distributed among nurses in Bandar Abbas. About 150 nurses returned the questionnaire completed. Among these, 82 nurses had already participated in an educational program related to HIV (p.162). The survey revealed that there is no relationship between the education of nurses on HIV and their performance in caring for people with HIV (p.162). At the same time, the knowledge of nurses about HIV has been proved to be irrelevant to their education on HIV (p.162). The key message of this study is that the ability of nurses to care for people with HIV is primarily related to the experience of these nurses in the work field and not to their educational background. Knowledge and Awareness of Nursing Students about HIV/Aids Goel, N., Bansal, R., Pathak, R., Sharma, H., Aggarwal, M., & Luthra, S., 2010 The study of Goel et al. (2010) focuses on the identification of the awareness of nurses about HIV. The study aims to show the perceptions of nurses in regard to various aspects of HIV, such as methods of transmission and methods of prevention (p.55). This study differs from others with similar content due to the following point: it refers to specific views of nurses on HIV. In other studies of such type, the level of awareness of nurses of HIV has been measured without referring to the perceptions of nurses about specific issues related to HIV. The study is based on a survey conducted among ‘nursing students in the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand’ (p.55). In total, 95 students returned the questionnaire completed. It should be noted that the research lasted for about 3 years, from 1997 up to 2000 (p.55), a fact that increases the value of the study as regards exploring the subject under examination. The findings show that participants are aware of the methods of transmission and prevention of HIV but their awareness is at a moderate level. More specifically, about ‘70% of the participants have been aware of the limitation risk of transmission of HIV through blood transfusion by receiving screened blood (p.57). Also, not many students were aware of the potential transmission of HIV in different ways such as ‘by sharing glasses or by sharing towels’ (p.57). On the other hand, the use of TV for increasing the awareness about HIV is promoted (p.57). About 92.63% of the participants promoted the above idea (p.57). It is clear that the awareness of nursing students about HIV should be increased. The provision of analytical information about HIV seems to be the key problem of educational programs related to this disease. Student Nurses’ Perceptions of the HIV and AIDS Problem: a Case Study of Bindura School of Nursing, Zimbabwe Katsinde, T., Katsinde, C., & Mwale, M., 2011 Katsinde, Katsinde, and Mwale (2011) also focus on the perceptions of student nurses about HIV. The specific study is based on both qualitative and quantitative research. Along with the survey, interviews have been conducted for exploring all issues related to the subject under examination. The study explores not only the awareness of student nurses about HIV but also the level at which student nurses use this knowledge in their daily life. Students in the ‘Bindura School of Nursing, Zimbabwe’ (p.212) were asked to participate in the survey and the interviews. In total, 141 students returned the questionnaire completed, while 10 of the nurse students participated in the interviews (p.212). The findings revealed the student nurses’ experience of caring for people with HIV. Indeed, about 57% of the participants have already worked in such position (p.216). Also, a percentage of 51% of those ‘who have rendered care to people with HIV seem to ignore the potential risk or not to mind for them’ (p.216). Among all the participants, a percentage of 89.1% noted that they would be afraid of rendering care to people with HIV in hospitals, mostly because of the lack of infrastructure ensuring the safety of nurses (p.217). In Zimbabwe, the role of student nurses in caring for people with HIV is critical, mostly because of ‘the shortage of qualified nurses’ (p.213). Therefore, the high involvement of nurse students in caring for people with HIV is unavoidable. Measures should be taken by the state so that the safety of nurses, both qualified and students, could be secured. The study reveals that the current environment for rendering care to people with HIV is extremely risky for nurses in Zimbabwe. References Goel, N., Bansal, R., Pathak, R., Sharma, H., Aggarwal, M., & Luthra, S. (2010). Knowledge and awareness of nursing students about HIV/AIDS. Health and Population: perspectives and issues, 33(1), 55-60. Retrieved from http://medind.nic.in/hab/t10/i1/habt10i1p55.pdf Hasani, L., Aghamolaei, T., Tavafian, S., & Sabili, A. (2010). Knowledge of Iranian nurses about HIV/AIDS: A cross sectional study from Bandar Abbas. Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 5(3), 161-165. Retrieved from http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/122020100310.pdf Hassan, Z., & Wahsheh, M. (2011). Knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian nurses towards patients with HIV/AIDS: Findings from a nationwide survey. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32, 774–784. Retrieved from http://www.eis.hu.edu.jo/Deanshipfiles/pub106182184.pdf Heunis, C., Wouters, E., Norton, W., Engelbrecht, M., Kigozi, G., Sharma, A., & Ragin, C. (2011). Patient- and delivery-level factors related to acceptance of HIV counseling and testing services among tuberculosis patients in South Africa: a qualitative study with community health workers and program managers. Implementation Science, 6(27), 1-10. Retrieved from http://www.implementationscience.com/content/pdf/1748-5908-6-27.pdf Katsinde, T., Katsinde, C., & Mwale, M. (2011). Student nurses’ perceptions of the HIV and AIDS problem: a case study of Bindura school of nursing, Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(1), 212-226. Retrieved from http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/V13No1_Spring2011_A/PDF/Student%20nurses%20perceptions%20of%20the%20HIV%20and%20AIDS%20problem%20%28Katsinde,%20Katsinde,%20Mwale%29.pdf Mulaudzi, M., Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2011). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and coping related to HIV and AIDS in a rural hospital in South Africa. Ethno Med., 5(1), 25-32. Retrieved from http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/S-EM/EM-05-0-000-11-Web/EM-05-1-000-11-Abst-PDF/EM-05-1-025-11-170-Mulaudzi-M-V/EM-05-1-025-11-170-Mulaudzi-M-V-Tt.pdf Nishigaki, M., Sugino, Y., Seo, J., Shimada, M., Ikeda, K., & Kazuma, K. (2011). Influences of allocating HIV/AIDS specialized nurses on clinical outcomes in Japan. Asian Nursing Research, 5(1), 11-18. Retrieved from http://www.kan.or.kr/new/kor/sub3/filedata_anr/201101/11.pdf Pickles, D., King, L., & Belan, I. (2009). Attitudes of nursing students towards caring for people with HIV/AIDS: thematic literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(11): 2262-2273. Retrieved from http://cms.kcn.unima.mw:8002/moodle/downloads/chilemba/My%20Documents/Gladys/Attitudes%20of%20nursing%20students%20towards%20AIDS%20patients.pdf Stavropoulou, A., Stroubouki, T., Lionaki, A., Lionaki, S., Bakogiorga, H., & Zidianakis, Z. (2011). Student nurses’ perceptions on caring for people with HIV. Health Science Journal, 5(4), 288-296. Retrieved from http://www.hsj.gr/volume5/issue4/546.pdf Taher, E., & Abdelhai, R. (2011). Nurses’ knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS: Effects of a health education intervention on two nursing groups in Cairo University, Egypt. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 3(4), 144-154. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/jphe/PDF/pdf2011/April/Taher%20and%20Abdelhai.pdf Read More