South Asian Women with Diabetes Complications in Los Angeles County - Essay Example

?South Asian Women with Diabetes Complications in Los Angeles Country Articles reviews: Article article on topic; ethni obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women by ADA 2006. A study was conducted to examine the involvement of ethnicity and obesity relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The diabetes care journals by American Diabetic Association reports on this basis that diabetes is more prevalent among Asians than whites. Study Design and Method: A prospective (1980-2000) Cohort (from the nurses’ health study) study was conducted with the population of 78419. The objective was to analyse the risk factor index and the study concludes that the risk of diabetes is higher in Asians, Hispanics and blacks than whites before and after taking into account difference in BMI on the basis of the study evidences. The diatory and life style informations contributed to the data collection, the specific study methods verifies the dilatory intake in terms of caloric value as well as glycemic intake too. The data collection was done repeatedly for 4 years. Questionnaires were the assessment tool. Population:- Total population was 78419.Among these population the sampling done on the basis of ethnicity as Asians- 801, whites – 75,584, Hispanics-613 and black 1421. Inclusion criteria:- The inclusion criteria were considered only the selected population who have diabetes and who are willing to participate and the gender consideration was females. Exclusion Criteria:- Exclusion criteria include the diseases other than diabetes. Result:- The result says that “Compared with whites, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.43 (95% CI1.08–1.90) for Asians, 1.76 (1.32–2.34) for Hispanics, and 2.18 (1.82–2.61) for blacks. After adjustment for BMI, the RRs changed to 2.26 (1.70–2.99) for Asians, 1.86 (1.40–2.47) for Hispanics, and 1.34 (1.12–1.61) for blacks. For each 5-unit increment in BMI, the multivariate RR of diabetes was 2.36 (1.83–3.04) for Asians, 2.21 (1.75–2.79) for Hispanics, 1.96 (1.93–2.00) for whites, and 1.55 (1.36–1.77) for blacks (P for interaction 0.001). For each 5-kgweight gain between age 18 and the year 1980, the risk of diabetes was increased by 84% (95%CI 58–114) for Asians, 44% (26–63) for Hispanics, 38% (28–49) for blacks, and 37% (35–38%) for whites. A healthy diet high in cereal ?ber and polyunsaturated fat and low in transfat and glycemic load was more strongly associated with a lower risk of diabetes among minorities (RR 0.54 [95% CI 0.39–0.73]) than among whites (0.77 [0.72–0.84]). As Weight gain is particularly detrimental for Asians these data evidence towards the ethnicity along with diatory intake that the inverse association of a healthy diet with diabetes is stronger for minorities than for whites. Study evidences that the immigrated Asian women population have the high prevalence of diabetes and states that the diabetes and obesity are strongly associated each other along with the higher risk rate of cardio-vascular diseases incidence (Shai et al., 2006, p.1587). Article 2: ‘Prospective study of red meat consumption and type 2 diabetes in middle aged and elderly women by American Diabetes Association-2004’ The women heath study was conducted on the topic red meat consumption and association of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle aged and elderly women was done by the research team with the guidance of American diabetes association in 2004 ;leads to the evidences of diatory involvement in diabetes among the specified south Asian group. Study Design and Methods: Over an average of 8.8 years, evaluated 37,309 participants in the Women’s Health Study aged above 45 years who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes and completed validated semi quantitative food frequency questionnaires in 1993. Questionnaire was the assessment tool. Participants: The study population contains 377,309 individuals. All participants were belongs to the female gender category. Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criterion includes diabetic patients and gender consideration was there, only considered women and age above 45. Exclusion criteria: The criterion of exclusion is those who have cardiac, cancer or have any other serious health problems. This study’s hypotheses were formulated based on the study basis of lifestyle, ecology and dietary habits. Delimitation of the study is it is not considering the ethnic groups. But it is negligible due to the evidences that south Asian category is red meat eaters. Result: Study documented 1,558 incidents Cases of type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for age, BMI, total energy intake, exercise, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and family history of diabetes, found positive associations between intakes of red meat and processed meat and risk of type 2 diabetes. Comparing women in the highest quintile with those in the lowest quintile, the multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.28 for red meat (95% CI 1.07–1.53, P_0.001 for trend) and 1.23 for processed meat intake (1.05–1.45, P _ 0.001 for trend).these intake may lead to obesity and related issues too in case of reduced physical activities. Furthermore, the significantly increased diabetes risk appeared to be most pronounced for frequent consumption of total processed meat and two major subtypes. These results remained significant after further adjustment for intakes of dietary fiber, magnesium, glycemic load, and total fat. Intakes of total cholesterol, animal protein, and heme iron were also significantly associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (Song et al., 2004: p.2108) Article 3:- cardiovascular risk and type 2 diabetes mellitus among elderly south Asian and Europeans.; January 2002 One of the oxford journal deals with the complications and cardiovascular risk among south Asian and Europeans with the elderly onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. South Asians have a 40% higher mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) than Europeans, and diabetes is a major risk factor for CHD in South Asians. Diabetes is common amongst UK and indigenous South Asians, affecting around 20% of South Asian subjects over the age of 50 years. Diabetes also appears to present at a younger age in South Asians. There is considerable evidence that complications are commoner amongst South Asian diabetic patients, particularly with respect to cardiovascular and renal disease. Mortality from CHD appears to be four times higher in South Asians South Asians had more frequent family history of diabetes and vascular disease, and South Asian women had a more frequent past history of gestational diabetes than Europeans. Study design and method:- The design is prospective study of newly?diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients aged Read More