Introduction to Nursing research - Essay Example

In this context, research findings have demonstrated that the noticed genetic conflict came about because of certain aspects of relationships between parents themselves, parents’ genes and their offspring. Meaning that mothers can contribute to this condition in case they are polyandrous, if they provide higher amount of biological resources to fetus as compared to fathers, and when there is extensive utilization of resources from the maternal as determined by the genes (which are pleiotropic) from both paternal and maternal.

Looking at the whole hypothesis therefore, very clear links are seen to be in existence between the general human mate and the eventual risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus on the offspring. Petry C. J. and Seear R.V., et al (2011). Maternally transmitted fetal H19 variants and associations with birth weight. Hum Genet. 2011 Nov; 130(5):663-70. Doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-1005-x. Epub 2011 May 15. Pub Med PMID: 21573965. Literature review Insulin-like growth factor 2 and H19 genes are very close links and reciprocally imprinted.

The Insulin-growth factor 2 encodes a fetal growth-factor while at the same time predominantly expressed from the paternal allele. According to Petry C. J. and Seear R.V., et al (2011) however, H19 which encodes a transcript that can down regulate cellular proliferation is expressed from the maternal allele. This study, hence, was carried out with a view of testing the hypothesis which has propagated an idea that polymorphic variation in maternally transmitted fetal H19 alleles has an association with offspring size during birth and changes in maternal glucose concentrations at the time of pregnancy.

Data collected showed that fetal rs2071094 allele that had its inheritance from the mother had influence on the increased birth weight that was fiddled with the gestation of ages, sex and parities. On the contrary, no fetal alleles had any associations with the offspring’s birth weight. After data collections and analysis, considerable consistencies with denting as a common polymorphic variation in fetal H19 alleles transmitted solely from the maternal have association with the birth weight and other attributing markers of offspring size at the time of birth.

Tentatively, no associations exist between the polymorphic variation in H19 and significant alterations in the maternal glucose tolerance within the third trimester of mother pregnancy. Knoll N., Jarick I., and Volckmar A.L., et al. (2013). Gene set of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial regulators is enriched for common inherited variation in obesity. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e55884. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055884. Epub 2013 Feb 8. Pub Med PMID: 23409076; Pub Med Central PMCID: PMC3568071. Literature review Obesity has been described by medics as a medical condition of excess accumulation of body fats; creating adverse effects on an individual’s health, leading to reduced life expectancy and increased health complications/ problems (Knoll N et al, 2013).

In essence, the condition