Nursing - Research Proposal Example

? Research Proposal Nursing Table of Contents Table of Contents PICOT formatted question 2 Introduction 3 Research Objectives 3 Literature Review 3 Description of design 5 Research Approach 5 Research Method 5 Sampling and Subject Plan 6 Protection of human subjects 6 Method for data collection and analysis 9 Data Collection Procedures 9 References: 10 PICOT formatted question To determine whether maintenance of skin integrity is either giving monetary awards to CNAs/GNAs on a quarterly basis or not Introduction Research Objectives The overarching purpose for this proposed research study would be establishing the association of the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs in promoting skin integrity on a quarterly basis, the study will aim to address the following objectives: 1. To explore the attitudes and perceptions of CNAs/ GNAs in healthcare settings towards the option of determining whether maintenance of skin integrity is by either giving monetary awards to CNAs/GNAs on a quarterly basis or not; and 2. To establish recommendations for future research, along with implications for practice, with regards to the training and support that is purposed for medical practitioners in healthcare settings. 3. To determine the association of the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs skin integrity promotion. Literature Review For ischemia of soft tissue to come about, the pressure in the external part of the body must exceed the pressure in the capillaries so as to obstruct the flow of blood. The minimum pressure for which the capillaries would close is about 32mmHg. Despite the fact, that high pressure interface is a factor that is pertinent; the duration of time that is on promoting skin integrity would also play a significant part. In most cases, duration of monetary awards is by the period of time taken to promote skin integrity. A study that was done by Bain and Ferguson-Pell in 2002 explained that high pressure for a short length of time and low pressure for a longer length of time would lead to damage of the pressure. A number of studies advanced in this field have attempted to explain whether the duration of skin integrity could be a possible risk factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs. Some studies like those for Guy 2004, Nasolpel 2004, Schoonhaven and Defloor 2002, Lewicki 2007, Morrison 2001, Amonovitch 2006, Stevens 2004, and Schoonhaven 2002 studied the duration of skin integrity and concluded that it was not an exclusive factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs (Guy, 2004). Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007, involved 500 Participants in a study. The study assessed variables like duration of surgery and co morbidities. This author utilized an analysis tool which identified the likelihood of various variables, which may affect the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. The Participants' mean age was forty seven years, with the age range of the Participants being 13- 86 years. The recorded duration of skin integrity promotion was lower by 228.7% of the subjects, 29.9% of the Participants, 26% of the sample. The author performed a postoperative assessment and the other performed a preoperative assessment. Of all the cases that were assessed the only predictor of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs was the skin integrity promoter. The author concluded that skin integrity is with a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. However, other studies in this topic do not confirm the association of skin integrity and monetary award to CNAs/GNAs. For instance a study made by Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007on 100 Participants, where by a number of pressures ulcer risk factors were assessed. The average age of the participants was 50 years and the age range of the Participants was between 30- 80. After strict assessment of the Participants, the author did not discover any cases of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs action. The author, therefore, concluded that the skin integrity is not an exclusive risk factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development (Guy, 2004). Description of design Research Approach My study will make use of a qualitative approach in collecting and analyzing primary data. Qualitative research has with an empirical study that is interpretative, thereby implying that I will be examining variables in their natural environment without any form of manipulation. Because the study focuses on determining whether maintenance of skin integrity is by either giving monetary awards to CNAs/GNAs on a quarterly basis or not, a qualitative approach will allow the researcher to understand and associate meaning as to how the participants make sense of their protein supplements options and the availability of preparations for them. I will also be able to establish physical interaction with the subjects, in this case, through the use of in-depth interviews (Niezgoda and Mendez-Eastman, 2006). Research Method For primary research methodology, I will use semi-structured interview that can enable the participants to clarify their answers and to ask to elaborate on these responses, thus more detailed information. This has suitable for the study as the topic is multi-faceted and will require extensive analysis based on the experiences and explanations of the interviewees, especially with the absence of predetermined responses found in highly structured survey questionnaires used in quantitative studies. I will also aim to exert efforts in establishing rapport with the interviewees in order to encourage them to truthfully express their feelings, thoughts and ideas, as opposed to what is acceptable (Niezgoda and Mendez-Eastman, 2006). Description of sample Sampling and Subject Plan My will out a purposive of sampling which to that should be of , to of data. For the current study, the criteria for inclusion will require that the sample should consist of participants who have been working for local hospitals that offer monetary awards to CNAs/GNAs which have had such experience for 1 year or more. They should also have understood the roles and responsibilities of such practice. I will aim at gathering 45 participants due to the qualitative approach of the study with whom the interview process will be to closely examine their perceptions towards the maintenance of skin integrity by either giving monetary awards to CNAs/GNAs on a quarterly basis or not in the healthcare industry. With a smaller sample size, a more in-depth and comprehensive analysis can be obtained (Creswell, 2003). Protection of human subjects Researchers will be to go through an array of ethical requirements. There is the need to meet professional, institutional, as well as standards for conducting any research related to human participants. In helping steer clear protection of human subjects, this research would consider a number of research ethics. First, it would frankly discuss with patient the intellectual property. More often than not, academic competitive leads to trouble depending on who should be credited for authorship. The best way the researcher would consider in order to avoiding disagreements about whom to be credited, and using which order, the researcher would talk about the issues at the start of the working relationship with Participants and ensure they are in writing. This will act as a tool to help discus and evaluate the contributions during the research process (Defloor and Schuijmar, 2000). Secondly, the researchers would be conscious of multiple roles of the participants. This could be achieved by avoiding relationships that might tend to impair the researchers’ professional performances or could cause harm to others. However, they will have to take note that many multiple relationships are not ethical especially if they are not to have adverse effects. When recruiting the Participants as participants in this study, the researchers would have to think carefully before joining the multiple relationships with Participants. In this case, the researcher would act as lab supervisor, as well as a mentor and make sure he or she does not abuse the power to differentiate him or herself with Participants. The researcher would make sure he/she outlines the nature and structure of mentoring before mentoring begins (Niezgoda and Mendez-Eastman, 2006). The third protection mechanism upheld during the study would be to make sure the informed-consent rules are . Doing this properly, the consent process would ensure that the participants voluntarily participate in the research when fully informed of the relevant benefits and risks. Lastly, the researcher would have to consider respecting the confidentiality and privacy of the participants. Respecting individual rights to confidentiality, as well as privacy is a key tenet for every researcher. The researcher will, therefore, have to discus confidentiality limits giving participants information about how their data will be into use and also know the law of the state, as well as taking practical security measures. Description of interventions In the first two years, every department will be 10 medical practitioners to participate in the pilot. Training will be to the participating during the period before the first year of the project. The aim will be to build the medical capacities to adapt and apply the model to their own practice and establish how to evaluate their patient’s outcomes (Denzin & Lincoln, 2003). Preliminaryevidencegatheredtheparticipantssuggestedthattheextensivelatitudeaffordedthemedicalledlargevariancehowtheinterventionis For Instance, some medical practitioners follow the procedures they learned in the training sessions meticulously, while others choose and pick among them (Denzin & Lincoln, 2003). To reconcile this, evaluation is which is a way to determine merits of a study, significance and worth by use of set criteria. It normally helps a researcher to ascertain the number of achievements according to the purpose of the study. Its foremost purpose is to facilitate reflection, and help in the determination of a change in the future. For this study summative, evaluation would be the best evaluation process for this study. This is because it summative evaluation is at the end of a study, and it is to give out information of effectiveness and long term effect of a study. In order to have an assessment of the efficacy of the study, the researcher shall have to follow the following criteria. To start with, the researcher would determine whether the objectives of the study will be achieved (Nasolpel, 2004). The researcher shall develop the weaknesses and the strengths, policy, and theory of this study. The researcher should then practice the implications of the study. Next the researcher would determine whether the ethical committee was approved and whether all the ethical considerations would have been achieved. The researcher shall also establish whether the groups that were used were comparable, whether the confounding factors were well managed, and determine whether the outcomes criteria gave out the required measurements. The researcher should also determine whether the follow-up period was sufficient to make the desired effects. If all this is under consideration, then the researcher would be able to assess the degree of which her study was a success (Graus, 1997). Method for data collection and analysis Data Collection Procedures I will collect secondary data for my study by gathering information which is relevant to the chosen subject, specifically through scholarly books and peer-reviewed journal articles as well as other online resources. As such, I will draw on recent findings in examining the chosen subject using a well-structured manner. Collection of primary data will then involve an in-depth interview process among the selected participants with which I will distribute them with consent forms to verify the willingness of the chosen interviewees in their involvement in the study. Accordingly, once I gather interview responses, I will make use of thematic analysis in identifying patterns or themes that are up in the interviews and can be used as a basis for addressing the research objective and establishing conclusions (Neuman, 2002). Identification of strengths and limitations The key strength on this research study is that first hand information is from the study as a result of qualitative approach to the study. Also, the sample size of 45 participants is quite satisfactorily to gather results that can give a general picture to the whole population. On the other hand, the research is to be limited by cultural background of the participant as perceptions vary from one individual to another depending on their socio-cultural cultural background (Johnson and Christensen, 2004). References: Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Defloor, T., and Schuijmar, J., (2000). Preventing monetary award to CNAs/GNAs s: an evaluation of four operating table mattresses, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (2003). The landscape of qualitative research: theories and issues. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Graus, N., (1997). Skin integrity in Participants undergoing prolonged operations. New York: WOCN publishers Guy, H., (2004). Preventing monetary award to CNAs/GNAs s: choosing a mattress. Professional Nurse. Phoenix: Br Med J publishers. Johnson, R., & Christensen, L. (2004). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Nasolpel, S., (2004). Wheelchair cushion effect on skin temperature, Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Neuman, W.L. (2002). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). New Jersey: Allyn & Bacon. Niezgoda , J., & Mendez-Eastman., (2006). The effective management of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs s. Adv Skin Wound Care Read More