Universalism and Particularism - Essay Example

Universalism and Particularism Universalism and particularism are different policies, which can be applied in management, leadership and other areas. For instance, when universalism is mentioned, the major focus is on policies and rules which have been laid down and which should be followed to the latter. This paper defines Universalism and particularism as denoted in the Gregory Scoblete’s article, McCains Universalism vs. Obamas Particularism. Universalism tends to focus more on the community rather than individuals and thus neutral as it is evident in McCain’s argument on security of the U.S. In a universalistic state, one cannot just go astray or out of normal order just because no one is watching them since one is compelled by law to act in order always.

Universalist individuals honor their words no matter the circumstances, and know a deal or a contract cannot be violated. As it is evident in the article, cold war historian, John Lewis Gaddis, presents how in a universalistic nation, every individual is treated equally and fairly. Clearly, this promotes peaceful co-existence among the people and promotes a sense of belonging and security. In the article, particularism is quite evident. The main emphasis is on individuals and their interests.

Individuals can modify a situation due to circumstances to suit their friends or relatives. Scoblete’s article shows how a particularistic believes that relationships are developed and created by events. If one is able to change his or her view, point of argument, agreement and so forth, just for the sake of those he or she has an interest in or those who have interest in him, then that is a real particularistic. When a nation adopts a particularistic culture for example, as it is the case with China and Russia according to the article, social classes are developed which divides the people and brings the sense of inequality.

Relationships of such a particularistic country with the other Universalist countries cannot be reinforced due to failure to owner treaties by the particularistic nation, and that is why McCain is so harsh on Russia. To conclude, arguing from the perspective of Scoblete’s article, and considering Obama and McCain arguments, a universalistic state is better compared to a particularistic state. However, the success of the universalistic policy will depend on ones commitment and dedication towards implementation of the set policies.

Work Cited Scoblete, Gregory. McCains Universalism vs. Obamas Particularism. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.