Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The law of demand was first stated y the French Mathematician, Antoine Augustin Cournot, in 1838. “The greater the amount to e sold the lesser must be the price at which it is offered, in order that it may find purchasers, or in other words, the amount demanded increases with a fall in price and decreases with a rise in price."

There are several reasons why immigration should contribute positively to economic growth.  First, the arrival of immigrants generates more consumption and also helps to create economies of scale.  Immigrants also contribute to saving, since, generally speaking, they have a strong marginal propensity to save.

The paper also provides additional economic indicators that help a definitive conclusion on the state of the Canadian economy. The report also goes on to  examine the fiscal and monetary policy as is being practiced in Canadian jurisdictions and comments on the  policy making in respect of  tackling the most critical issue of inflation control.

According to Keynes consumption is a function of income, this function depicts that as the level of income increases then the level of consumption also increases, in cases where the income declines then consumption declines, for this reason, therefore, consumption is a function of income where Keynes specified the model as follows: C = F(Y)

 One of the most important roles was to represent the concerns of the scientific community to top management, as well as managing the number of specialized “chapters” who purpose was to allow researchers from diverse operations but with similar special interests to hold seminars with speakers discussing scientific specialties.   

The sound and sustainable practices of Lean could revive damage of industry to its environment.  Unknowingly, business entities are already practicing corporate social responsibility.  It has taken into account that their businesses do not exist in a vacuum but interacts with environment, society and governments.  

The current credit crisis which is the wave of the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market can be evaluated by understanding the history which is associated with it in terms of the effects it has had on the borrower as well as the financial statements of the banks,other financial institutions and the investors in the mortgage backed by securities around the world

The gross domestic product can be defined as a measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country in a given time frame. It has always been considered an important indicator of economic activity. The GDP is estimated by three distinct theoretical approaches, these are GDP from the output or production. 

Chaos comes from the Greek word meaning “gaping void”, which also sounds confusing and indefinite as the word itself. According to Greek Mythology, Chaos represents the very precious moments of existence. Modern science and daily life describe chaos similar to each other, both meaning a state of unpredictable confusion and extreme disorder.

To generalize the process of economic development of China, it can be deemed that the country has achieved the economic success that is being targeted by the nation and it has done it through a unique process of synthesizing the socialist form of government with the promulgated economic policies which were unprecedented.

One important aspect about the intended gun control measure is, the administrators have begun to think about the use of military-style assault weapons for civilian use. I have no hesitation in supporting the measure in the prevailing societal conditions. I emphasize the word prevailing, because sermons from the political platforms by the politicians that believe in various ideologies are not going to produce any tangible results.

One hundred years ago the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes provided reasonably good transport links. But recent increases in the scale of ocean-going ships and related declines in ocean shipping rates have increased the competitiveness of U.S. coastal locations compared to the center.  

The structural framework within which the shipping industry operates is the liner conference. The UNCTAD Code of Conduct for Liner Conference defines it as an organization of two or more vessel operators agreeing to provide international liner services to carry cargo to specified geographic locations under the condition of common freight rates.  

It should be noted that the gap between the rich and the poor is widening due to the erosion of the middle class brought about by the high cost of living worsened by the low level of wages. Data from countries all over the world reveal that the disparity of income between the rich and the poor is not just a local issue for Miami-Dade.

This paper focuses on the positive socioeconomic effects of tourism in Costa-Rica. It is shown, that tourism gives huge boost to the country’s development. The economic feasibility Indicators are very positive for Costa Rica. Investment can be safely made in Costa Rica since its property registry system is very reliable and advanced.

And there can be no talk of an 'island', either, for this is a cross-border, joint meeting of SUERF and the CFS. Incidentally, the motive is the exchange of knowledge with the financial community including central banks, thus avoiding all suspicion of insular ivory-tower erudition.

These principles called for corporations doing business in South Africa to adhere to strict standards of non-discrimination in hiring and promotions to set a positive example.The most frequently-encountered method of "disinvesting" was to persuade state,county and municipal governments to sell their stock in companies which had a presence in South Africa

The author accentuates that the City is obviously at a disadvantage compared to the West End in terms of consumer demand for housing. It is obviously reflected by the inability of its prices to increase. Since it is inevitable to suffer the consequence of inflation as it is a phenomenon, the investors have to construct houses at a high cost.

The paper "Economy of Hong Kong" aims to analyse the economy of Hong Kong because the country has been very successful in terms of its economy and modernization. In fact, it is one of the leading countries in Asia. In many aspects, Hong Kong succeeded in developing its economy – tourism, financial market, and trade.

Centrally planned economies are also referred to as command economies, in this type of economy the government controls production, the distribution and pricing of goods and services in the economy, the government also owns enterprises in almost all sectors of the economy, as a result, the government sets prices.

In order to assess the strings of influence attached to their business, managers generally call for the assistance of market analysis tools. According to Porter Five Forces Analysis (2004), factors that influence the proceedings of a business do not come solely from economic conditions, but social and political changes as well. 

The author accentuates the idea of having defined the market, there is a definite need to explain what determines how a market operates and what kinds of markets exist, economically speaking. The factors that determine the category into which a market falls are basically the number of buyers and sellers.

It is shown, that the level of central bank`s independence directly indicates the level of responsibility of the state for the value of legal tender. Maintaining internal and external value of money is a function of inflation targeting and appreciation/depreciation of currency. Both government and central bank are responsible for the success of monetary policy.

The first section of the paper showed how the German mark led to the depreciation of the peseta which in turn spurred the growth in exports and discouraged imports, lowered private investment and created discrepancy in government budgets.

If the base rate is left unchanged and the inflation keeps scaling up higher then the money market and fixed income securities will suffer a set back and the people on the street will run towards more risky investments that could fetch them higher returns, as a result, there will be a sharp upsurge in prices of riskier assets like the real estate. 

 Recent political and economic reforms in eastern Europe and in a number of other emerging economies present the prospect of growing wealth to their citizens; the related worldwide privatization wave also provides opportunities for the international expansion of western enterprises. Privatization of state-owned enterprises - that is, the transfer of ownership from government to private investors.

Since 2004, Poland became the full member of the EU, so the Polish economy was expanding. The macroeconomic data published by the Polish Central Statistical Office in recent months confirmed that the Polish economy is on a path towards a strong recovery: “In 2004 the Polish GDP grew at 5.4 % and for 2005 the government estimates growth at 4.7 %.”

The bail-out of LTCM in 1998, the promotion of 'affordable' housing for the poor by the Clinton administration through the unreformed and failed Freddie mortgage twins, led to the development of subprime mortgages when the housing bubble burst and the credit crunch began with the gambles taken during it turning sour.

The Government imposes a tax on alcohol as a result of which price increases and the Government also compensates it with a cut in income tax. As long as the consumers are not purchasing alcohol the impact of alcohol tax will not affect him but on the other hand due to cut in income tax purchasing power increases.

The author states that the price of corn drops and products such as corn syrup become more competitive against other types of sweeteners. If the decrease in demand is smaller than the increase in supply, the product will find equilibrium at a higher price. If farmers produce more corn, the market will continue to use the increased yield.

The convergence in business systems across Europe has been the natural consequence of the European Union and its predecessors.There has never been a time in history when business convergence in Europe was as steadfast and purposeful as in the present.

By its very nature, a theory must simplify reality to fit within definable boundaries. Economic theory is no different from any other in this manner, but it is characterized by the sheer number, complexity and often ambiguity of the facts that it is attempting to explain.

The concept of a single currency for the European Union was widely received with deep enthusiasm as this signaled the convergence of European economies such as Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain, also known as the Eurozone. 

This paper analyses Fishman's book and talks that main goal of Fishman’s here is to put readers inside the company’s penny-pinching mindset and truly go to show just how Wal-Mart’s mania to reduce prices has gone to drive suppliers into bankruptcy and as well has sent factory jobs overseas.

Changing the interest rate affect the exchange rate and deprecates the domestic currency as a flow of currency from abroad is reduced. Interest rate and the exchange rate has a positive correlation Import cost rise as bank rate drops. Investment in industrialization reduced. Demand for goods exceeds supply and raise the inflation rate. 

An old theory called Schumpeter Effect (as it is popularly known) is the process of reduction of unemployment due to the increase of entrepreneurs. Caree and Thurik (2002) propose that the vice versa is also true.  The author suspects that there must be a social balance between the emergence of entrepreneurs & intrapreneurs.

Kuwait, the third largest country of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) six-member economies, is in buoyant shape. The removal of a major geopolitical risk from neighboring Iraq, coupled with recent liberalization measures have improved business optimism--evident by a surge in private sector investment over the past two years.

The rising oil prices do not affect the world economy in a macroeconomic stance but the negative impacts are experienced by the less developed, oil-dependent economies including the low-income households. The benefits of the increase are evident in the conservation of energy, reduction of pollution and traffic congestion.  

Despite the fiscal and monetary policies that are aimed at increasing aggregate demand and money supply respectively, it has failed to boost output to a large extent because of the sluggishness of investments to react to the higher savings rate. Because of the excessive dependence on borrowings, the economy has become debt-ridden.

As the paper states, Central America is one of the regions in the world that have agricultural potentiality and has been producing agricultural products to the world. Central America is a region of the western hemisphere which is made up of instruments that forms the bridge connecting North America and South America.

With the airline industry, while the cost of accepting an extra passenger is very low, the fixed cost of airlines turn to be high. The incremental costs of accepting one extra passenger onto a plane are very low, whereas the fixed costs of operating the flight (with or without any passengers at all) are very high.

As a consequence, the ratio of inward FDI stock to the 12 CEE countries studied here in total world inward FDI stock increased more than three-fold, fro m 0.81% in 1994 to 2.89% in 2004. (1) Over the same period, these countries also achieved a substantial increase in their exports, especially towards Western Europe.    

The veracity of the aforementioned is amply evidenced, not only in the fact that Smith is still being studied and debated today but, in the fact that his economic treatise, as expressed in his Inquiry, effectively instigated a substantial amount of reactionary literature and, indeed, served as that which other economists, including Ricardo and Marx, south to refute in their own works

However, any change in the price of a commodity will not shift its demand curve, any price changes will result in an extraction or contraction of demand i.e. movement on the same demand curve, An increase in price will result into a lower quantity demanded that will be represented by a contraction (along the same curve) of demand.

There have been numerous examples of how an idea flourished into a new business not only prospering itself but in doing so also brought other small ventures into the net by sub-letting their activities. Above stated is one way to keep focusing on innovation and keeping the production channel focused on manufacturing.

The falls in ethical standards in our social fabric is clearly being manifested in the level of corporate filth that is disgusting everybody. In as much as the public is so appalled by the unhealthy developments in our corporate environment, it is prudent to take a critical look at all the issues that have contributed in bring us this low. 

He established a strict one-party political system with a strong hold on economy and state resources and their allocation. One of Tunisia’s outstanding characteristics is its remarkable economic development, sustained over many decades and currently driven by a process of market liberalization and integration into world markets

The International Monetary Fund is a cooperative international monetary organization. It was established together with the World Bank in 1945 as part of the Bretton Woods conference convened in the aftermath of World War II. These institutions were designed to be pillars of the post world war global economic order.

The history of monopoly power in the computer industry is in fact extraordinarily clear-cut. It all started with Tom Watson Sr, who learned the fine art of devastating competitors while selling for the then-notorious National Cash Register Corp. By all measures, the callousness of IBM in the 1920s makes Bill Gates and company look like Santa Claus.   

Many economists are of the opinion that money is not to be considered neutral on a short term basis. Friedman and Schwartz have argued that the Great Depression was extended due to the implementation of the policy of tight money by the Federal Reserve. Economists have derived 'negative relation between wage inflation and unemployment'.