Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The corporate balance sheets, as well as non-balance sheet accounts, of both banks and non-banks, should be scrutinized for toxic assets and risky arcane derivatives. The FSA should rethink its policy of principles-based, outcomes-based regulation, and enhance it with greater reportorial and procedural regulatory measures. The FSA must necessarily ensure that transactions are above board.

Since its earliest use, the phrase has come to assume several shades of meaning, each emphasizing a different attribute of corporate management.  Hussey described corporate governance as “the manner in which organizations, particularly limited companies, are managed and the nature of accountability of the managers to the owners.”

In an unhampered market, the classes previously defined as poor are helped by the increase in labor prices, which is bound to come, firstly because of the increased food prices themselves, and also because the price of labor tends to be increasingly equalized between countries with advancing globalization, as labor migration barriers are removed.

Though the taxation on cigarettes seems to cause some monetary loss and decline in the benefit of smokers in the United States the truth is that it is beneficial for the economy as a whole. Smoking is injurious to health. The decline in smoking rates obviously has some beneficial effects on the health standard of people.  

The states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are some of the wealthiest nations in the region and share several sociopolitical commonalities, as well as a contiguous geographic region. Originally organized to promote their economic integration, they have furthered this agenda by forming a customs union in 2003, and are currently working towards establishing a common market.

Bulgaria is a small country and was experiencing a pre- accession boom like those of the nations that had entered the EU. . The retail sector in Bulgaria has enjoyed a continuous growth over the past few years. There are many opportunities for entering in the retail sector in Bulgaria such as, development of tourism which helps in attracting foreign companies and so on, entitled to investment incentive.  

Coordination in the supply chain is also an important factor to pay attention to. The companies are supposed to establish the necessary contacts in order to ensure that there are no shortages in the market. In order to do this, most of the companies engage intermediaries who play a major role in the distribution of the goods.

It is not easy to expect people to achieve the required qualities of leadership. A leader used to be born in olden days; today he is made. Today’s leaders go through a learning process: the first-hand experience, learning to interact with peers and customers, perceive their needs, and learning to cater to them.

Officers who are used to this system may find it difficult to change to a system in which they are asked to patrol a smaller area in which they have more extensive contact with the local community, with which they are asked to communicate, respond to, and make suggestions in within a new capacity of creativity and free-thinking.

The theory of supply and demand states that equilibrium between the two initiates competition, therefore, self-stabilizing the economy. If supply is greater than demand than prices will drop therefore sparking an interest for the consumer to purchase. The reverse suggests that if demand is high, prices will increase as production has to be increased to meet the demand.

Every nation in the world thrives in its own possible way to improve its economic performance. This has been made possible through various economic measures and non-economic measures. Amongst the economic measures, they include; Inflation, Unemployment, Economic growth (GDP), Balance of payments, and Exchange rates.

Economic growth and transformations in the economy enhance production, which lowers the poverty rate. Areas that are safe and secure to reduce the level of poverty through increased production. In addition, sound governance and high employment rate also reduce poverty through increased production. With good governance, there is improved service delivery to the public. Thus, it can be concluded that development can be explained.

Direct Duty Paid (DDP) is an international abbreviation with respect to sales where the seller is responsible for making any product available for cited rate. Under DDP, the seller must obtain import authorization. The term ‘DDP’ is ideal if clearance of products for imports comprises the fee of value-added tax or corresponding tax which can only be subtracted for tax determinations by an organization for international trade.

In addition, the acceleration of growth seen in the Qatari economy is not solely due to the attractive remuneration and tax environment, but a number of other factors exist, such as the presence of large organizations, flexible trade policies, government.

The dynamics of broadened trade agreements lies in the creation of a stable border system, especially surrounding the India-China relationship. The prospect of moving mutually-beneficial products between these regions has been in turmoil over the last decade. Moving further backward, border wars have plagued these two nations for over 25 years.  

To sum up, in this pаper, there wаs provided insights into the vаluаtion process used by venture cаpitаl investors in contemporаry word. The vаluаtion process hаs have been studied with аn emphаsis on the informаtion used, the аssessment of the risk аnd the required return, аnd the use of specific vаluаtion methods. 

Thе nеgаtivе еffеct of M&А cаn bе bаsеd аlso on thе dеcrеаsing spеnding on R&D. Еvаluаting аll еffеcts thаt M&А inflict; onе should not ignorе thе consеquеncеs thаt M&А hаvе on thе tеchnologicаl аctivitiеs. Most еmpiricаl studiеs show thаt аcquisitions hаvе а nеgаtivе impаct on thе post-аcquisition R&D input аnd output of аcquiring firms.  

The political economy appeared as a science during the emergence of the capitalist mode of production and, it has always been a class science. Its representatives have always expressed the interests and ideology of a definite class. The history of political economy during the period of 1400-1800 can be classified into 1) the Mercantilism, 2) Bourgeoisie and 3) the emergence of communist ideas (Utopian Socialism).

Financial sector stability is essential to ensure development of a nation. It assures a high leverage in its domestic as well as international transactions. On the other hand, equal attention must be bestowed upon the education sector of a nation as well for a progress in the quality of human resource within the nation.

In franchise business systems, who are the winners?  What factors contribute to the profitability and success of the franchise system?  How do different types of franchises function within the global economy?  How has the development of franchise businesses within the United States impacted the development of franchises elsewhere?

In choosing between consumption and saving i.e. whether an individual would prefer to have a marginal unit of income to consume now or at some other time in the future can depend on certain facts: the individual’s estimate of the future, the intensity of his wants now and their expected intensity in the future and the amount of income and expected income in the future time.

Most of these poor countries are usually heavily burdened by debts. According to the World Bank, 40 countries are identified to be Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC). Most of these HIPC are in sub-Saharan Africa (The World Bank, 2009).Several suggestions have been made on how poor countries of the world could be assisted to overcome their challenges.

Suppose I sold 1000 shares of Company X to Andy for $2 each share. I promised to deliver him his shares by the end of the month. He will pay me the current prevailing price at the end of the month. Now, what I will try to do is that I will wait for the market price to go lower than $2 and will buy these shares to make a profit on my sale.

The current policies are also indicating that the government may be slowly allowing the supply side policies to come into effect too. By reducing the government intervention from the market, government may be allowing the markets to evolve on their own and readjust itself to bring the equilibrium in the market. On whole, government policies are bringing results for the economy.

The entry of foreign banks in an economy is variably regarded; for most once-closed, newly deregulated financial systems, foreign banks are regarded with suspicion, being viewed as conduits of financial contagion and harbingers of unfair competition. The more competitive environment managed correctly, will foster a more efficient banking system and thereby a more progressive economy.

Even though most of the countries in the world were affected by the recent recession, the UK seems to be the worst affected country. Most of the productive sectors in the UK remain standstill from 2007 to 2010 because of the recession. All the industries in general and the real estate sector in particular faced still challenges during the recession period. Unemployment reached an all-time high and inflation also started to grow beyond the control.

Besides having all these direct beneficial effects on the economy of backward countries, remittances can also have a positive effect indirectly. Some of the indirect positive effects of remittances include the relaxing of risk and capital constraints of the country, the utilization of resources for the purpose of investments and multiplier effect generation of spending of consumption.

In spite of the price increase people buy properties for reaching the property ladder and gain the advantages of continuous growth. The increased demand of properties made the prices rise. The supply and demand economic theory thus proves true in the matter of house prices.

The world economy is shifting opportunities from the earlier domination by first world countries on to the emerging economies. Economic growth prospects held by each of these countries is likely to affect the overall performance of the national economies posted by the two conditions experienced with UAE expected to post growth.

The financial spending on the part of the organization under the CSR initiatives could also be asked for by the shareholders so that they find where their money. It is a good practice on the part of the organization carrying out a CSR activity to keep its shareholders on board so that there are no problems at a later stage.

It is economically efficient for the lowest cost good to be produced by the country, but will not always take place if a high cost producer has a free trade agreement while the low cost producer faces a high tariff. Applying free trade to the high cost producer but not to the low cost producer as well, can lead to trade diversion thus a net economic loss.

The international environment in current scenario may not be considered as entirely suitable for international firms because of the current financial meltdown. The impacts of this economic upheaval have resulted into the drastic reduction in the international trade between the countries and most of the developed countries are now actively involved in pursuing protectionist policies to safeguard their local industry.

Most necessities of public concern are those that involve the use of public resources and territories, much investment and interdependence. Another significant feature of the necessities of public concern is that a change in demand may influence the whole system: if demand exceeds maximum supply capacity, the whole system may fail and nobody will receive the service. 

The greatest asset of Singapore is that it enjoys a superior standing in the international community. The most important order of business is to maintain it although improving its international standing will also be fine. In the meantime, it may not be necessary to put concerns with regard to equity at the forefront as Singapore has a good reputation with regard to its standard of living.

Kydland and Prescott established how variations in technological development–the main source of long-run economic growth–can lead to short-run fluctuations. When they offered a new and operational paradigm for macroeconomic analysis based on microeconomic foundations. Kydland and Prescott's work has transformed academic research in economics, as well as the practice of macroeconomic analysis and policymaking.

The two factors of education and employment that create an intergenerational cycle of poverty than need to find specific solutions that will break the continuous trends in low levels of employment.  The first factor that relates to this is based on changing the ways that educational systems function so lower-income families have more opportunities, similar to those who have a wealthier status.

The very concept of employability has changed tremendously from the time when manufacturing provided the basis for developed economies. To be employable now means that a student is flexible, creative, has a major which is suitable to learn a specific skill, has good grades, and is willing to continue to learn.

The article finally reveals that every time a premium might not be a burden to the stakeholders. The same price, which appears to be costly, is actually the price paid to assure less corruption and a more competitive structure. We usually have the opinion that monopolistic prices are higher, but at times especially in the insurance market, a higher premium can ensure greater competition and a lesser chance of being abused by the providers.

With the entire world being faced with the intense and immense decline and economic crisis, it is important to study the crisis of a country and to work towards developing the possible measures to overcome the crisis. It is in the interest of the country that the studies are undertaken and is mainly to help find the views of the various individuals in the field and to learn and analyze the possible solutions for the problems.

Economics in general is defined as the study of social science that gives knowledge about how individuals, groups, firms, nations, etc make decisions or choices in terms of allocating scarce resources to satisfy their needs (infinite). Economics can further be classified into two parts. Macroeconomics and microeconomics.

Large and immediate adjustment in exchange rates can cause devastating effects, especially in developing countries because firms are forced into bankruptcy. These developing countries have been the source of global growth, and these policies could destroy any hope of a fast global recovery. Various countries are pursuing their own interests.

The definition of development can be quite vague and cause confusions. It is crucial to understand what development is in order to know how it can be made possible and measured. A proper understanding of development will help in developing good economic policies that will lead to even more development.

Market indices can have the tendency to shift downwards considerably and without being driven by any fundamental public news regarding the market. Therefore, explaining market crashes is one of the key predicaments in economics. Even though a number of models provide distorted returns, they reveal some massive fundamental shocks in initiating crashes.

Market indices can have the tendency to shift downwards considerably and without being driven by any fundamental public news regarding the market. Therefore, explaining market crashes is one of the key predicaments in economics. Even though a number of models provide distorted returns, they reveal some massive fundamental shocks in initiating crashes.

Government makes rules that facilitate the free market forces and reduce any barriers affecting them. However, the magnitude or the level of government intervention differs from country to country depending upon several reasons. In case of microeconomic interventions, government regulation of the private industry may further by divided into economic and social regulations.

Emirates possesses both Airbus and Boeing wide-body aircraft. It is only one of nine airlines in the world that has all wide-body aircraft fleet. The showpiece of Emirates’ fleet is Boeing 777. The airline has also ordered 58 Airbus A380s and is only the second operator of Airbus A380-800 following Singapore Airlines.

The arguments presented to the local administration in favor of tax abatement by the Habitat for Humanity for Northern Virginia, the arguments stating that their homes should not be appraised at the market value as homeowners do not have the right to sell their houses as per the contract for earning profit from increased property rates. 

The author of the paper will begin with the statement that Office Depot is currently facing significant challenges in the face of rising competition, poor national and international economic conditions, and an apparent inability to create a solid brand image for the company in the minds of ever-changing consumer preferences in retail.

India and China are both touted to be the next economic superpowers.  As both countries are home to close to a third of the world’s population, they have enormous human resources with which to capitalize on.  Alongside this natural advantage in terms of human resources, the domestic and foreign policies of both nations have been conducive to economic growth over the last few decades. 

One of the indicators of an economy in trouble in the United States is inflation. Ever since the financial crisis started, the prices of basic commodities such as food and energy have been on the rise. As inflation continues to increase, so does the financial situation of individuals continue to deteriorate.