Macro & Microeconomics Essays

However, the presidents of all the Reserve Bank participate in the policy discussion of FOMC regardless of their voting power. Generally, the FOMC meetings are held eight times in Washington, D.C fro the discussion over the monetary policies and economy of the U.S.

Macroeconomics is that field of study which is concerned with the structure, performance and behavior of the economy as a whole. The factors which are taken into consideration during analysis of the economy include growth issues, rate of inflation, unemployment, production of goods and services, general behavior of price, and so on.

My favorite experiment is the one concerning consumer spending. I was able to absorb the lesson of the topic more because of the experiment. I don’t know if it is because I am a consumer or just because the lesson is easy. But I can easily relate the theories to the experiment and the results that we have gathered are enough evidences for it.

The decentralised character of the movement goes perfectly with political developments that ignite dissents, what she views as the general variables connecting these smaller movements such as strong attachments between corporations and governments, the insensitivity of the government to local needs and demands, and conventional party politics.

The earlier part of American history provided its citizens with the proper outlook in life which followed the precepts of religion. Americans then believed in salvation as the ultimate goal in life (Judis). They based their livelihood according to the Christian teachings in the Bible and according to morality.

Globalization has enhanced the flow of information amongst locations that are geographically distant; it has provided the freedom to the global common marketplace for the exchange of capital and goods. It has given wider access for companies and consumers to a variety of products, thus the emergence of global production markets.

Inferior commodities or Giffen goods are defined as those whose demands are found to increase with hikes in prices. In line with the substitution effect and income effect being the components of a demanding schedule, it could be said that Giffen goods are those whose income effect is positive and overrides the negative impact of the substitution effect.

The iron ore industry is currently the major individual commodity division in Western Australia by measure and represents a key role in the State’s export-driven economic system. In 2005, the iron ore industry reported for 29% of the overall value of minerals and petroleum sales, up from 22% in 2004. 

In past years, weather fluctuations caused a spike in commodity prices; however, it is both sides of the supply and demand equation that are directing the prices upwards now. It should be noted, that if we consider the demand side, the major factors are population growth, increasing affluence, and grains use to make fuel. 

The income effect can act either way. The income effect acts either to increase or decrease the demand for a certain good depending on whether the good is normal or inferior. If the good is considered to be normal, then a decrease in income will decrease the demand for the good. In the case of the substitution effect, a fall in the price of goodwill brings a change in the demand conditions for the good.

Raising productivity is very important in unlocking the economic potential for a country. Productivity refers to the quality of products that the workforce produces in a given amount of time provided that there are necessary skills and tools available. It is the ratio of the output of production to the inputs required to produce the products. Such inputs include land, labor, capital, energy, necessary raw materials among others.

Regardless of the vast differential between the haves and have-nots, regardless of the many different styles of governance that are exhibited, the wide level of differentiation between international law, and/or any other elements of dissimilarity that are currently exhibited, it is fair to assert that the current international system is one that is increasingly “liberal, capitalist, stable, and rich”.

Aggressiveness is profitability, and efficiency depends both on the estimation of items and administrations and additionally the effectiveness that they are delivered. It is measured as quality delivered by laborers and how firms contend in commercial ventures. Additionally, he discussed distinctive sorts of economies.

Discussion of globalisation connotes the development of global financial markets, growth of transnational corporations and their increasing dominions over national governments (Soros, 2002). Moreover, globalisation also pertains to massive migration of people, changing national identities and cultural belongings (Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004).

The underlying factor behind the formation and implementation of the policy is to ensure that money itself doesn't act as a tool of economic disturbance. This article highlights key issues faced by Australia and helps in understanding the way in which the central bank's commitment to price stability helps in maintaining a level of inflation. 

The Basel accord refers to a regulation that requires banks’ capital-adequacy ratios to be maintained at a figure not less than 8%. This accord was established in 1988 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision under the Bank of International Settlement (BIS). The implementation of the Basel Accord has benefited Taiwan a great deal.

This assignment also discusses the relationship between the user and the investment sectors as determinants of investor demand for property assets, interaction in the property market, across property sectors and locations, and between different property interests, market efficiency and the factors affecting the efficient operation of the property market and factors influencing demand in direct property investment.

China has upheld a higher rate of economic growth since the beginning of its economic reforms in 1978. This piece targets the examination of proof and critical factors of faltering economic growth in China and the prospective sustainability of growth in its economic growth paters. The present rate of economic growth in China depicts sustainability to some extent as will be outlined. Nonetheless, sustainability would reach a limit after dropping.

In a closed economy with fully flexible wages and prices, what is the effect on the rate of interest, output and price level of an increase in averaged desire to consume, doubling quantity of money and a fall in the desire to work?

Some demystify globalisation viewing it simply as “a relatively new term used to describe a very old process”, because international trading has been practiced a century ago. Undeniably however, what makes globalisation different and most striking is the speedy “integration of financial markets [worldwide] made possible by modern electronic communication” (IMF Staff 2000: 2) as these are “reshaping, if not reconstituting the modern world”.

The result would be severe economic contractions which will tell upon the social well being of the people of the country by imposing unnecessary additional cost burdens on the common man. Thus the avoidance of the recurrence of the worst business-cycle contractions is at the root of any financial market reform, which if attempted properly will result in the sustainable growth of any economy.

Analysis of the recent crisis – its nature, cause, impact, and the measures being taken both by the government and the financial-banking sector, would lead us to understand that the crisis that had taken place was, in fact, a result of the spiraling growth of the economy in 2002 brought about by subprime mortgage and collateral debt obligations.

The challenges increase with the increase in age. There are some studies that indicate the poverty is higher in the older section of the elderly population. This paper provides the research background, theoretical framework, research questions, research methodology, research design, analysis and discussion, timeline, and budget of the research.

Previously when this was emphasized, it aroused steel and iron industry manufacturers on which the workers called on a strike. The strike failed and in January 1920 public opinion was on the US Steel side. However, the commission issued a favorable report to the strikers in July 1920 and initiated the 8-hour day agitation.

Saving is very important to economic growth because of its relation to levels of investment i.e. an increase in productive wealth requires that some people refrain from consuming all their income and therefore make their savings available for future investment. National savings can be termed as being the sum of personal savings, business savings. 

The study makes an attempt to come out with the factors that are generally considered before taking any decision on monetary policy. The analysis also deals with determining the economic factors which play a major role in establishing the monetary policy. There is also an analysis of the discount rate decision and the steps that can be taken to overcome the current economic crisis the country is going through.

Poverty and income inequality are regarded as the most perturbing of all social malice prevalent throughout the globe. In contrary to previous opinions about their incidence in the less developed nations, poverty and income inequality are rife even in highly-developed nations like the United Kingdom. Recent traits of poverty observed in the UK are cited as the consequences of an unending phase of recessions striking the economy. 

Application development and maintenance has been the biggest line item in Accenture’s IT budget, considering a central focus in its ongoing effort to drive cost out (ibid). Hence, in search of immediate relief, the company has turned in to offshoring its IT work, in which labor arbitrage advantages has significantly caused rapid results.

The consumer will maximize utility by consuming on the highest possible indifference curve given a budget constraint. The point of tangency of the highest possible indifference curve to the budget line maximizes utility. Figure 1 shows that the consumer could consume at G, but would maximize utility at H, which lies on a higher indifference curve.

It has been argued that the economic, cultural, social, and political impact of TNCs’ economic activities varies. It varies as modern nation-states have retained the power to be able to pick and choose the TNCs that they wish to accept and those companies that they wish to prevent or restrict.

The study of economics is largely based on the study of scarce resources and unlimited wants- the mismatching of scarce resource with the unlimited wants create a web of actions which than force every one of us to make choices.

China is pumping several billions of dollars into new warships and submarines to deny the US Navy the ability to be the supreme ruler in East Asian waters (Roy, 1995, 45 – 60). It has also shown a willingness to scrap with US forces in the region, including the harassment and obstruction of the US naval survey ship by five Chinese vessels in the South China Sea in March 2009.

The essay looks for examining the impact of globalisation on the people of third world countries on the one hand, and its affects on the small scale manufacturers of these countries on the other. Globalisation is certainly the invention of later part of twentieth century, which has brought the nations closer to one another with the help of revolutionary developments in the fields of IT and communication.

it can be seen that the primary factors which drove globalization in the 19th century were lesser transport costs, industrialization and fewer trade barriers. Besides these primary factors various other factors such as the development of communication channels, an increase in population and setting up multinationals also encouraged the movement of people, goods, services, and capital from one country to another.

Multilateral trading regimes present a number of strong points as well as negatives that come along with it. The opportunities are there for the taking especially from the strengths that have been drawn whilst having a multilateral trading system in place. Furthermore, the litigations and trade embargo are termed as potential threats.

A country with many industries that are either monopolies or oligopolies may have an unemployment problem since in monopoly there is one company ruling the industry and an oligopoly one a few meaning that these industries do no generate a lot of employment. The consumers would also have very few purchasing options.

The Bahamas promotes sports tourism and is an angler’s dream, which benefits Cuba has been unable to derive because the waters have been under fished. In America, the most commercially lucrative sports water fish is the Largemouth Bass. In central Cuba to there is 32 sq. km of fishing with Bass and a group of US sportsmen caught 5000 bass in just five days.

Looking at the Cash Flow statement it is evident that Krispy Kreme is in a stage of fast growth. The company’s cash flow implies that the company has a very strong liquidity position and is capable of generating sufficient cash to manage its expenses and also focus on its expansion activities in the near future.

Azerbaijan is a country in the Caspian region with vast energy resources. After its independence the republic of Azerbaijan is stabilizing itself to operate independent of Russia. The country is highly dependent on its energy sector for its economic growth. Two major country's refineries are managed by the oil and natural gas company of the country, named State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR).

National Income or GDP is a quantitative aspect whereas economic welfare is a qualitative aspect as economic welfare takes into account the fulfillment of the basic amenities of life like food, clothe, shelter, and education. In modern times health and sanitary facilities and gender empowerment are also considered to be good indicators of economic welfare.

“…competition de-selects weak organizations and stimulates organizational learning, which in turn further increases the intensity of competition and so further strengthens survivors in an ongoing dynamic of reciprocal causality” (Job Functions). So, the behavior of firms in competition could border on both sides, optimization of performance or underperformance.

In contrast to the spot market where payment and delivery are completed on the day the trade is arranged, in futures and options markets payment and delivery are postponed to a specified or optional date in the future at an arranged price.

The recent financial crash had a ruinous effect on the economic positions of a large number of developing nations around the world. Its sudden occurrence has forced the administrations of many nations globally, to postpone their efforts to accomplish a number of other projects waiting in line, and focus their full attention to this single problem. The problem needs to be attended promptly so as to avoid any difficulty arising.

It is difficult to achieve competitive advantage in the current world because of heavy competition for making more profit and also to stay in the market. The current market is filled with hundreds of products of the same calibre. For example, the current mobile phone market is filled with lot of similar products from different brands.

Economists and experts regard the United Kingdom as the sixth-largest economy of the world based on market exchange rates and nominal GDP, seventh-largest when purchasing Power Party (PPP) are taken into account. In addition, it is also the third-largest economy according to the market exchange rates in Europe after Germany and France. History remembers the United Kingdom as the first industrialized country in the world.

The increase in wages to the international level will lead to production costs, these would tend to distort labor or other markets in the affected countries, thus distorting development, discouraging investment, fostering labor-displacing technologies, forcing workers out of the formal economy into the informal sector and so forth. 

The transitional process of a socialist economy to a market economy has become an important issue recently. Djankov et al. (2003) point out that "the interest in institutions revived with the collapse of socialism, and the transition of the economies in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and China to capitalism.

The decline in the value of the dollar is affecting everyone and everything. On the upside of it, though the decline in the value of the dollar has hit consumers, companies in the US will become more competitive, which will, in turn, help them to make profits and also there will be an increase in the number of jobs available. 

The effects of the Industrial Revolution to modern-day production are both positive and negative, as it has civilized yet dehumanized societies. It has civilized societies in the sense that societies are industrialized with people’s standard of living improved and with man’s quest for development further intensified. However, it has dehumanized societies in the sense that man is alienated from his/her produce.

The corporate balance sheets, as well as non-balance sheet accounts, of both banks and non-banks, should be scrutinized for toxic assets and risky arcane derivatives. The FSA should rethink its policy of principles-based, outcomes-based regulation, and enhance it with greater reportorial and procedural regulatory measures. The FSA must necessarily ensure that transactions are above board.