Macro & Microeconomics Essays

Macroeconomics is one of the two important branches of economics. Microeconomics happens to be the other important branch. In Macro economics, national, regional or global level of economics is studied. The topics studied under the umbrella of macro economics include the study of inflation and deflation rates in the economy, employment and unemployment issues, and income, out put, GDP, and overall growth of national and global economy.

Majority of modern organizations are currently using Porter’s five forces theory to determine their competitive power in the market. I am currently working in hospitality industry and my organization has intentions to diversify its activities to banking sector.

Emerging markets are defined as economies whose trade or business activities are experiencing rapid expansion and growth. Rousseau and Sylla (2001) add that emerging markets are characterized by the rapid growth of industries. To achieve and maintain the rapid growth of trade and the economy, emerging markets must therefore consider to importance of financial systems are prerequisites for economic growth.

The prevalence of capitalist mindset suggests that the owners incur profits at the expense of laborers which cause a sharp gap in the rural-urban wages, leading to sharp inequalities. As a result, individuals shift to cities to reduce this inequality which would ultimately increase the population in urban areas as compared to rural.

This paper outlines the reasons, why both, economists and public, share their common dislike of monopoly. At given point in time and at level of production, perfectly competitive markets are highly likely to be much more efficient that monopoly markets. Governments should follow an indirect and implicit policy to break monopolies.

As the report declares the act was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that was first legislated in 1965 and then reauthorized in 1994. The state of education has been a matter of grave concern since last several years and the NCLB Act was promulgated to expand the federal role at improving the educational standards.

Referred to as individual cycles, each one illustrates ups and downs that “vary substantially in duration and intensity” (McConnell and Brue 134). There are four phases of the business cycle that comprises of peak, recession, trough and recovery. The peak occurs when the business has reached a transitory high. Full employment is the nearest capacity in this phase.

Hours worked is a key measure in applied economics and over time hours worked. There has been a serious decline the number of academic hours utilized by the full-time students in U.S over the years (Babcock and Marks, 2011). Initially they were allotted 40 hours per week to academics in for instance in 1961 and by 2004 the fulltime students only used 26-28 hours per week.

This paper concludes that the effects of microfinancing have a positive influence on women's empowerment in Latin America. This paper also concludes that the overall empowerment level of women in Latin America is significant and provides spaces for women to run viable businesses and contribute to the family’s income.

US Unemployment Problem Over the years, unemployment problem has been an issue not only in the United States economy but also in the entire world. According to the united state bureau of labour statistics, para1, unemployment involves all those people without jobs but have actively looking for a job for the past four months without a success.

In order to obtain a clear view of the immigration influences on economic development, it is necessary to have a look at the factors causing economic growth, such as skilled and qualified workforce, age of the population and technology, that extremely affects growth rate because this element assists companies to minimize their costs.

In any case, the choice is not merely limited to controlling money supply or financial regulation. In monetary policy, discretion is normally essential in offsetting output fluctuations often realized in Keynesian frameworks. In this respect, most monetarists usually propose the use of a fixed rule in ensuring price stability in the economy.

In the competitive market, the firms are many and the actions of one seller will not create any disturbance in the market. This is particularly in respect of the price since buyers will seek firms that sell at a cheaper price due to a wide market to choose from. In this respect, the firms only have the option of working with the prevailing price or lower. This constitutes what taking price is.

Macro & Micro economics Introduction This paper presents an analysis of an article named “China economic growth lower than forecast” published on 15 April 2013 by BBC. This report explains that China’s growth rate has been lesser than the growth rate that the country had experienced in last three months of 2012 (in the first quarter of 2013 Chinese economy grew at the rate of 7.7% while it was 7.9% in October-December quarter of 2012).

An increase of school tuition should not affect the enrolment for it to increase school revenue. However, you find that even though the increment are within the margins of the tuition that other universities offer, students who are in the lower earning profile will be greatly affected even with minimal increment.

As such, the country was able to effectively use its vast supply of raw material to produce a wide range of products. Basing on the speculation of quick profit, many citizens invested in the stock market. Nonetheless, this great prosperity waned in 1929 following gripping fear by the people that the economic boom was coming to an end.

The sum of the total production of all the sellers in the market would provide the market supply. Perfectly competitive markets are characterized by a lack of barriers to entry or exit, information asymmetry among all the agents in the economy, and the sale of the same or homogenous product by all the buyers in the market.

The government adopted the monetary policy and the fiscal policy to aid in its quest to establish stable economic growth. Fiscal policy affects aggregate demand, the distribution of wealth, and the economy’s capacity to produce goods. Changes in spending or taxing can alter both the magnitude and the pattern of movement for goods and services.

Form the initial stages, Apple was the dominant iOS manufacturer and supplier within the United States tablet PCs markets (Taylor and National Bureau of Economic Research, 1984). However, Android tablet PCs are emerging and are expected to surpass Apple in the coming year.

The international community has made efforts to reverse this ugly trend by setting up The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change whose main mandate is to respond to climate change. The convention has set up The Associated Kyoto Protocol, a global agreement that categorizes countries by their level of industrialization and commits some countries to reduce their CGH emission rates.

“Contributory Role of Richard Cantillon, A R J Turgot and Jean-Baptiste Say Towards Austrian Economics”. The economics that is studied today has a long history and certainly transforms through a number of phenomenal episodes. One of such inevitable episodes in the history of economics can be illustrated with due reference to the Austrian School.

Globalization refers to the process through which national economies and cultures are integrated into an international economy so as to enhance international trade, direct foreign investment, migration, and technology sharing.

President’s Commission on law enforcement and administration of justice played a significant role in bringing several positive changes in the law enforcement or Police system. It has also undergone tremendous changes since the terrorist attack on 11th September 2001. Several strict regulations in law enforcement were introduced.

Thus, the monetary policy is used to contain the inflation as well as recession. How Monetary Policy Brings Stabilization Canada's monetary policy is woven around mainly two key components. 1. Inflation target 2. Flexible exchange rate Stable and low inflation is the major objective of Canadian monetary policy to provide stability and growth.

According to Saxonhouse and Stern (2004), Japan had experienced a period of increased economic growth which was attributed to good economic management at the government and firm level for the last 25years before the asset bubble. Japan had a culture of savings and the government wanted to stimulate spending hence it lowered its interest rates and introduced tariffs to discourage imports and foster the domestic market.

The present value of a bond with zero coupons is the present value of its face value. In the equation immediately above, P is the present value of the bond while F is the face value of the bond. Further, i is the interest rate, n the maturity while m is the number of compounding per year. Of course, the PowerPoint slide refers to the price of a zero coupon bond.

According to the paper before the current economic crisis, Euro was considered as a strong currency with relatively smaller probability of disintegration. However, the sovereign debt crisis of different countries especially of Greece created strong doubts over the viability of Euro as the optimum currency area. The concept of optimal currency region or optimum currency area is one of the key concepts outlining the economics of integration.

He is better known for speaking out his mind and opinions (W. W. Norton & Company ). Objective The main objective of Krugman works has been bringing the theory of increasing returns into the economic mainstream. Increasing returns is an economical term signifying the occurrence that success results to more success.

In particular, this discipline carries crucial importance on the lives and welfare of every human being. Any economy that has thriving macroeconomic management should be in a position to experience low rates of unemployment and inflation with a steady and sustained economic growth and vise versa (Bade and Parkin 1983).

Therefore, the market will only depend on the pricing, which affects the frequency of demand for some products. For instance, when the prices of some goods are reduced, the customers could insist on increasing the quantity in demand. This technique could be used by markets to shape their demand for products in the market.

Banks are facing extinction due to a lack of measures to address emerging needs in the financial markets. There is a need to institute measures that embrace innovation in order to avoid extinction. The emergence of mobile financial institutions has given the banks a big blow as the new institutions are providing better and more efficient services.

The attendees could also have used the available leisure time to do some other work. They are losing a sufficient amount of salary to attain a degree course and anticipate earning during the course as well. It should be remembered that the opportunity cost is nil for attendees who manage the fees from others.

The bigger the market size in terms of the total number of people within a population would mean that there is a bigger demand for electricity. The lesser the number of electricity suppliers would mean that the supply for electricity would be lesser as compared to a situation that the number of electricity sources is many.

In terms of micro-analysis, it is crucial to regard the perspectives of customers, suppliers, employees and competitors. To begin with, micro-analysis of the environment also relates to the five-porter forces model. This is because the porter model deals with an internal rival, the threat of entry, supplier power, buyer power and the aspect of a substitute product.

Laws and socio-economic policies as well as programs are likely to result in far-reaching counterproductive consequences. The performance of complicated functions in our everyday lives is guided by the knowledge that when applied to a range of social, political, legal as well as economic processes helps in the development of society as a whole

The possibility of a fresh international recession and sovereign debt issues for the developed world shifts attention from the escalating prices of agricultural commodities. The current high food prices, according to analysts, are expected to last for a while. The causes of the current price volatility are associated with both long and short-term factors.

One of the ongoing discussions that pervades economics, business, and politics, is the level to which government intervention is useful or harmful to the economic system as a whole. Both sides have some convincing arguments. On the one hand, those that argue against government intervention advocate the laissez faire form of economic doctrine.

It argued in the essay, that the economic and political measures, introduced by governments to overcome the crisis, was not truly effective. Existing regulatory framework was unable to control the process and finally the use and misuse of the stimuli money with regards to the outlandish bonuses that were paid to many top ranking bank officials.

Short-run Phillips curve & the long-run Phillips curve How do active and passive views of these concepts differ? The Philips Curves are fundamental to the study of economics. The Curves represent the relationship between inflation and unemployment rates and, they have cross relationships with aggregate supply curves.

Economic growth refers to an increase in a state’s productivity and prolific capacity that is determined by the comparison of the gross national product (GNP) in a particular year with the GNP in the previous or the preceding year (Friedman, 2005). Hoist in the advances in technology, capital stock, and progression in the quality and point of literacy is always viewed as the main causes of economic growth.

Asset liquidity is mainly a measure of the ability to convert the asset into money once a money demand arises. Global liquidity is mainly enabled by the IMF and other international funding institutions according to Landau J. P (2011), private banks and other financial institution control the liquidation rate through the changes in the interest rates and commercial assets.

It is known to be the densest country in the whole world with around 6500 people per square kilometer. This is majorly caused by the high rate of immigration with a low death rate.The economy of Singapore is among the fastest growing economies in Asia with its GDP growing by 8% between the years 2004 and 2007 on average.

The debates involve discussions about how reforms can be brought about in this sector. This point of view takes care of the economic objectives of the reforms in the health care system but obscures the other portion of the purposes of providing efficient health care: the morally vital attributes of the medical profession and the health care provision.

Coca Cola holds a marketplace leader position in the entire oligopoly market foundation, where there are barely any key market players and scarcely any stress from potential opponents. Coca Cola is a primary or a manufacturing industry. It depicts a kinked demand curve, augmented opening barriers, augmented cost sensitivity and interest group (Sutton, 2012).

The unstable increase in the price due to increasing demand for houses and uncertain demand for mortgages by the financial sectors were the major reasons behind for the eruption of 2008 US crisis. At the same time, it has been identified that there laid significant differences and similarities between the 1998 Asian financial crisis and 2008 US Financial crisis.

The global economy has over the past decades depended on oil as the key source of energy for domestic use and industrialization. Even with the current economic policies with an alternative source of energy in nuclear technology and the traditionally used coal, Oil still remains the primary energy source for the world.

McDonald's follows a certain pricing strategy, as it provides its products at a relatively lower price than its competitors, furthermore, it gives bundle offers to increase the overall sales. Most of McDonald's restaurants are either owned or they are franchises. McDonald's makes most of its revenue from rents, royalties, and franchises fee.

Indeed, its confusing structure, organization, and responsibilities make it difficult for American's to understand. In explaining the Federal Reserve, the New York Times describes it as having, “exercised more influence over economic growth and the level of employment than other government entity.”

Every project is undertaken to add value or bring beneficial changes hence its resources should be well organized and utilized to ensure they achieve the outlined unique goals and objectives. This requires the hiring of competent project managers who will conduct good and successful project management.

Government support and interventions play a significant role in the growth and development of businesses in emerging economies. Business groups in developing economies can add value to the nation’s economy as they fill institutional gaps and take advantage of opportunities created by outdated policies.