Macro & Microeconomics Essays

It gives the “illusion” that the company is doing well, or profitable due to its high valuation but really, it is the same stock as before (with a lower price). The practice is not healthy to the economy but it is not illegal so many companies still use this “trick” for their stocks to be valued higher and have higher returns.

There has been a pattern of restrictive macroeconomic policies followed in the Latin American countries which have been followed over the last fifteen years and have led to the development of a long period of sluggish economic performance. In the Central American countries, there have been low fiscal revenues, falling growth rates with high rates of social inequalities.

The aging population is posing a lot of challenges to several countries globally. This has been the case in most industrialized nations in the world with low birth rates and high life expectancy. Some of the countries facing the challenge of the aging population include Japan, Italy, Germany, China, Mexico, India, the U.K., and the U.S. among others.

The main goal of economic development is therefore the improvement of the economic well-being of a community through efforts by the government that maximizes job creation and job retention, taxation structures that favor the quality of life, and government incentives to support marginalized groups in the society.

This paper focuses on determining major strengths and weaknesses of the economies of China and India. For each country, the following economic indicators : GDP and GDP growth rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, and trade deficits will be presented and compared with each other in the paper.

The paper discussed three concepts that are very important for any college student since they will come across these in daily lives as well during the professional careers. This is due to the reason that, the concepts have got established into the markets in the US and is important factors on which, several individuals and business establishment depend on.

The main purpose of this study is to look into factors that mainly affect Fair Trade coffee demand and work out the coffees’ price elasticity of demand. This research is mainly aiming in giving answers why many purchasers may buy products of Fair Trade at higher prices than the substitutes of Fair trade goods.

When not developing or producing oil products, its subsidiary branches continually provide value-added services to other companies in this sector, for example, in the UAE. A brief look at the background history of Oryx Energy Company shows that the company emerged from the Sun Oil Company which underwent reorganization in 1988. 

As for example in an area there is an established Information Technology (IT) company which provides a huge service to the customers in that area and has earned a huge goodwill in that market. This means that the company is a dominant player in that market and posses the price mechanism in its hand i.e., it can charge variable price from time to time for the products it sell and a new IT firm will find it very hard to enter into his market as it will find unprofitable to enter this business.

The article published by The Economist on 10th November’ 2012 is about poverty and its affects upon the poor in the United States of America (US). In accordance with the news article, it can be stated that the poor in the US are required to be provided with additional care as well as help. The article brings out two incidents.

An oligopoly is one of those market structures that are closest to the market structures that are followed in the real world. The other market structures exist in order to depict the extremes that the market structures can reach. While the competitive market is socially and productively efficient, the oligopolistic market can only try to achieve that level.

Due to large number of firms in industry, the firms are forced to accept prices set by demand and supply in the market. Structure does not create barrier for entry and exit to market. Organizations to gain profits perform with high efficiency and innovation level in offerings is lowest.

This paper delves into the issues facing the Euro. It addresses the past, current and future situation of the Euro. It compares the Euro with other currencies and looks into the contribution of the Euro to the current crisis that faces the countries in the Eurozone. It explains the political and economic reasons and aspects for the existence of the Euro.

This success caused the firm to find itself in a number of litigation cases, both at home (USA) and abroad. These mixed feelings about Microsoft emanate from the fact that the firm as a monopoly on end user computer software such as PC operating system (McKenzie, 1998).

Walmart Stores is a US-based retail company that deals with various products in the local and international markets. Being the largest retail shop in the world, Walmart has acquired a competitive edge in the market based on its quality brands that are not only demanded in the US market but also in foreign countries.

The economic transformation is developed by a conversed function of authentic per capita with a numerator possibly unvarying for the greatest advanced economies. Numerical evaluation of Spain and Austria on their GDP per capita over the last 3 years indicates a significantly insubstantial pattern in the annual GDP per capita percentage increase for the largest economies.

The level of government spending increased dramatically after Greece joined the Eurozone and adopted the Euro as its official currency. The government spent increasing amounts on public sector salaries while GDP did not grow in proportion. Public borrowing was undertaken heavily but grossly underreported leading to a debt-to-GDP ratio.

The initial foundation of the city was around the tenth century, near Suzhou. The city had a small population of about 12,000 people predominantly agriculturalists (O’Sullivan, 2008). After conquering Kaifeng, Shanghai became home to many refugees, the population of the city growing to 250,000.

A critical review on a perspective on globalisation 1.0. Introduction There are actually many definitions of globalisation as there are many ideologies on globalisation. However, one important definition is by the International Monetary Fund or IMF which defined globalisation as “the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders.” An article attributed to Chew Nox analysed the issue of whether globalisation is good or bad and concluded that the good outweighs the bad in globalisation.

The problem of the paper is based upon the notion that consumers are fully rational and therefore his judgment or decision-making ability cannot be affected by the businesses. Post World War 2 society is a society which is not suited to the traditional view of the society taken by the classical economists.

The long run involves a lot of planning and implementation. A firm decides to go large by adding a new product line or even building a new plant. To ensure there is quality and maximum production, new technologies are employed to fore see the general production and to ensure goods of the highest quality are maintained. 

Generally, various developments and redevelopments have been and are being carried out in London.  Venues which were considered include the Wembley Stadium, Wembley Arena, Wimbledon All England Club, Lord’s Cricket Ground, the O2 Arena, Earls Court Exhibition Centre, and the Excel Centre among others.

According to the paper China’s economic reforms started in the late 70’s and 80s with the focus on collectivizing the country’s agricultural activities. Chinese leader during this period attempted to transfer the heart of agriculture from traditional farming to household activities. These reforms extended to price liberalization, in a more gradual way. It became followed by fiscal decentralization.

Gross Domestic Product refers to the market value for goods and services recognized and produced within a country in the given period. GDP measures overall economic output in a certain country over a period, and it relates to the national accounts. It is calculated from the summation of all the annual output of the goods and services.

Considering all the histories of the self-serving dictators that bend the spirit of nationalism of Latin America to their own wills, the dictatorship of Juan Domingo can be considered the most dramatic. Arguably, his first error was a watershed for modern Argentina and his impacts stretch to the modern-day Argentina. Perhaps his success can partly be attributed to the cult of personality around him and partly because of his wife.

This essay mainly focuses on the identification of all the possible negative effects of earthquakes, that influence economic growth in the affected country. As the results of the study shows, the level of economic development of the country in which the disaster occurred, determines how hard the disaster would hit the development of the economy

Colonization, in this case, refers to the process of one country gaining control over another due to superiority. The British Empire is one of the European powers that colonized most countries in the world. Other notable European colonizers in the world include Germany, Italy, Portugal, and other countries.

The author states that each of the major airlines, United Airlines, American Airlines, US Airways, Southwest Airlines, United, Northwest, and Continental all maintain their own unique competitive advantages, despite their oligopolistic market structure that drives business decision-making.

The report will discuss the soil and water contamination problems and some effective ways to overcome those problems and study the pollution problems at Derby Pride Park and their impact on the society. It will also determine the contamination types, their levels, and some effective remediation methods to decontaminate the site.

Pfizer is well aware of the above fact and advertising is one area upon which Pfizer formulates its marketing strategies. Both online and offline ads are developed by Pfizer in order to market their products among patients, doctors and other stakeholders.

The data that will be used to compute for the four-firm concentration ratio and the eight-firm concentration ratio is from The 2010-2011 Economic Report on Retail and Specialty Pharmacies (Fein, 2010). Table 1 below shows the market shares of the largest U.S.

In simple terms, the Federal Reserve came into being by enactment of the Congress. Consequently, the Congress has the obligation of overseeing the monetary policy and the Federal Reserve. This paper analyzes the importance of the Federal Reserve and strategy in stabilizing the economy of the country.

Any investment in improving the health of employees only ensures an augment in the level of production hence profitability. Therefore, there is the need to ensure that every individual in the company is content with the working environment, and with the benefits got from being an employee of the company. Since health is of great importance, it is one of the human capital in an organization.

Wessel explains that, in the economic world, scorekeeping is highly crucial since it acts as a guide on the direction to follow when making fiscal policies (11). Over the years, scorekeeping ahs been used as a blueprint in numerous forms of operation in the economic world.

This paper mainly focuses on identifying the strategies that must be employed by the governing bodies to scale down the rate of economic decline. These strategies include trade liberalization, sound monetary policy and application of economic theory, based on empirical studies. The government should oversee specific training programs for managers.

With increased concerns about the fluctuation of the world’s economy, governments have been on focus on the way they have handled these shifts. Borrowing and taxation have been largely used by various governments through fiscal policy to offset the imbalances that have been created by constant economic downfalls.

Inflation is an increase in the average level of prices in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level goes up, each unit of currency purchases fewer goods and services. Inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy.

The current classification of global economies into developed and developed countries fails to be holistic since it does not indicate the actual state of such economies. Most countries in the Middle East and South East Asia are classified as developing economies despite having GDPs that greatly exceed those of European countries that are considered developed.

The focus of the Microeconomics is on interactions between buyers and sellers and the factors that influence their decisions. Study of microeconomics deals with the efficient allocation of limited recourses that are available to fulfill unlimited wants of the society. This concepts is known as the basic economic problem. It occurs due to scarcity.

Economists described the 1998-2002 Argentina’s economic meltdown as one of the worst economic period that Argentina has ever faced over the last one hundred years. Fiscal policies usually influence financial stability of a country. Financial collapse witnessed in Argentina was a set back to the countries economic growth.

The fists solution to economists is to have the price of alcohol increased. From the theory of demand, an increase in price would lead to a decrease in the quantity of a commodity demanded. To increase the price of alcohol, economists would formulate policies that increase the excise tax charged on the alcohol.

The creation of markets is also explained as Product, factor, and capital markets are developed as is evident from Figure 2. Households buy goods and services in the product market and sell resources in the factor market. While firms raise capital from Capital markets and sell products in the product market by employing resources from the factor market.

Australia has more to lose from climate change than any other developed country as it is a hot and dry continent. That is why the Government has adopted a plan for a clean energy future in the country, that will reduce pollution and drive green investments. Certain price tag was placed on every ton of carbon pollution released into the atmosphere.

Responding to the global economic crisis can lead to a more sustainable economy Introduction An economic crisis has swept over all the economies around the world between 2007 and 2009. The crisis had emerged due to the deregulation of financial institutions and banks in the developed countries such as the United States and the European nations.

The other important trade partners of Sweden are France, Belgium and UK. Sweden also does require a large amount of imports to support its economy. The nation procures more than 17 percent of the needed imports from Germany.

The English city of Manchester showed how industrialization changed society. Swift growth made the city swarming and filthy as they were not used to these advancements and the increase in waste and pollution. The factory owners endangered their money and worked long hours to make their businesses grow.

Certainly, particular episodes arising out of street sex work can cause intolerance and there are quite often expressions of intolerance among residents. However, not all residents have a mutual intolerance attitude toward sex workers in their respective neighbourhoods.3 Pitcher et al conducted five surveys in urban neighbourhoods in England and Scotland.

Increased aggregate demand for goods in turn enables governments and business firms to earn profits and may expand. This business expansion programs will demand for more labour. In addition, trade restrictions limit transfer of capital and entrepreneurship into/from different countries thus less creativity and innovation.

The company known as Pepsico along with its bottlers was initially a primary manufacturer of syrups. It bought raw materials from its market and utilized independent companies for its bottling and distribution activities. The company’s management did consolidate the distribution along with marketing activities to themselves.

More than half of this immigrants work in the manufacturing, construction, leisure, and hospitality industries. There has been an increased debate on the effects of these immigrants into the economy. Supporters show that the American economy would benefit largely if they are allowed to increase in the country.