On Immigration Issue in the U.K - Annotated Bibliography Example

Annotated Bibliography ment: “The past 50 years have seen ever-increasing levels of immigration into the U.K. Critically evaluate the contribution that this has had to the U.K. economy and discuss the perceived impact of U.K. society”. Introduction A wide range of literature is available on the various aspects of immigration issue in the U.K. These aspects include economic, social, cultural and population-growth trends. Annotated Bibliography An annotated bibliography of literature written on the contributions of immigrants to U.K. economy and perceived impact of U.K. society is as under: REED, H., & LATORRE, M. (2009). The economic impacts of migration on the UK labour market. Economics of migration working paper, 3. It is a 38 pages report that discusses the economic impact of immigration on the economy of the United Kingdom. The report is based on authentic research and filled with tables and diagrams. It was prepared keeping in view the empirical data that was analyzed through the regression method of statistics. The report reveals that immigration pattern has negative effects on rates of wages and employment opportunities. However, it differs from profession to profession and location of the immigrants. The report stated that length of stay of migrants was also an important factor for determining the wage rate. LEGRAIN, P. (2007). Immigrants: Your country needs them. Princeton: Princeton University Press. It is a first book of Philippe Legrain which was written on the issue of immigration. In the first chapters, the author sees the positive impact of immigration and valued them as they do odd jobs which natives hesitate to perform. He appreciates the efforts of immigrants for the diversification of U.K. society. But in the following chapters, he lamented upon illegal workers and intruders and declares them a cause of terrorist activities in the United Kingdom. The author also evaluates the work of George Borjas, professor of Economics at Harvard University in depth. Impressing upon the thoughts of George Borjas, Philippe Legrain also see unskilled immigration negatively. COLEMAN, D., & ROWTHORN, R. (2004). The economic effects of immigration into the United Kingdom. Population and Development Review, 30(4), 579-624. The major focus of the article is on the economic effects of immigration for the United Kingdom but extensive data is also provided on the immigration patterns of the United States and other Western countries. The United Kingdom has shifted her immigration policy in the year 1997; and started to encourage settlement of foreign residents in the country. Special measures have also been initiated on the part of the government of the United Kingdom to enhance the inflow of immigrants. The authors claim the fiscal advantages and enhanced prosperity due to the new immigration policy of the United Kingdom. The authors also term the negative impacts as transitory which will be vanished with the passage of time. KOENIG, M. (ed) (2005). ‘National identity and attitudes towards migrants’, International Journal on multicultural societies, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 345-276. The editor of the paper analyzed the attitude of local community towards immigrants. It is basically an anthropological and cultural analysis of the issue. He sees many social problems arise in the society due to the negative behavior of locals towards immigrants. The process of diffusion in the society is also discussed the article at great length. According to editor, at least three generations are needed to complete the assimilation and diffusion process. The article is thought provoking and elaborated the issue of immigration and settlement in the U.K. society through cultural lenses. He declares immigration as a source for openness in the British society. Moreover, inter and intra-migrants relationships have also been discussed in the article. VARGAS-SILVA, C., & MCNEIL, R. (2011). The fiscal impact of immigration in the UK. Available from: http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/briefings/fiscal-impact-immigration-uk. 12 June 2014] In this article, the authors discuss the issue of immigration in fiscal terms purely. They collected data of taxes which immigrants paid to national exchequer and in return calculates the cost of benefits which immigrants claimed from the state. The authors concluded that immigrants who are skilled and young contributed towards the material benefits of the United Kingdom. On the other hand, unskilled and aged immigrants received much from the state as compare to their contribution towards the development of British society. The authors reveal that immigration trends in the United Kingdom remained positive after the formation of the European Union as a large number of qualified and skilled professionals and workers came to Britain. KOMITO, L. (2011). Social media and migration: virtual community 2.0.Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,62(6), 1075-1086. Social media has become a tool to keep relations with others. It has also changed the nature of relationships among people of various communities. In this research paper, the author highlights the role of immigrants on the social media of the United Kingdom. However, some parts of Ireland have also been discussed with particular reference to the migrants. The author concluded that immigrants are playing an active role in the development of the technologies of social media. Moreover, they are using the technology of social media for their assimilation in the society of the United Kingdom. Lee tells that many experts of Information Technology hailed from the developing countries of the world and now both, the U.K. society and IT experts, are in win-win situation. CAPLAN, B. (2012). Why Should We Restrict Immigration?. Cato Journal, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1-20. In this research paper, Bryan highlights the evils of immigration process for U.K. society. He traces the roots of many crimes into the homes of immigrants and blames them to pollute the British society. The paper is well documented and presents the empirical evidences to the readers. In his view, the immigrants are also repugnant to the cohesion of the British society and are creating a sort of disorder in it. The writer also considers them responsible for the border security expenditure. However, in the end, he confessed to evaluate negative effects of immigration for British society and leaves the job to ascertain positive impacts for other researchers. GRIGG, D. B. (1977). EG Ravenstein and the “laws of migration”. Journal of Historical geography, 3(1), 41-54. E. G. Ravenstein presented the laws of migration in 1885 and the current research paper is an analysis of these laws. These laws of immigration also called the ‘rules’ or ‘principles’ of immigration. According to one of the law, the natives of the country moved to towns and keep an eye on the major cities to make them their abode. On the other hand, the immigrants settled in the rural areas and come to cities only for their jobs. The author claims that this trend of eighteenth century still prevails in the United Kingdom. E. G. Ravenstein’s laws of migration are widely acclaimed by the world over and this paper proves their relevance and authenticity in the present age. CITRIN, J., & SIDES, J. (2008). Immigration and the imagined community in Europe and the United States. Political Studies, 56(1), 33-56. In this article, the authors tackle the issue of integration of the United States and European societies due to the rapid growth of immigrants. ESS and CID surveys have been used to ascertain the public perception regarding immigrants and immigration. He elaborates that native citizens were used to over-estimate the number of immigrants in their respective societies. The writer finds a similar social behavior of all European societies including the United Kingdom towards immigrants. In the end, he recommends the strict immigration policy which picks only competent and skilled foreign individuals. Moreover, the paper is written in a natural flow and with a national zeal. RUDIGER, A. & SPENCER, S. (2003). ‘The economic and social impacts of migration’, Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Social integration of migrants ethnic minorities, 20-34. This conference is organized by the European Commission in collaboration with OECD in Brussels from 21-22 January 2003. The conference participants try to find new ways of assimilations of migrants into European societies. They also stressed the need to enhance the multiculturalism in European countries and the United Kingdom. It also discussed various integration approaches adopted by European countries. The participants recommended various policy measures for discouraging the discrimination of the immigrants. Immigration policies of the United Kingdom along with other countries were also discussed in great length and necessary reforms were recommended in them. SEGAL, U. A., ELLIOTT, D., & MAYADAS, N. S. (Eds.). (2010). Immigration worldwide. Oxford University Press. The book starts with the explanations of the theoretical approaches of immigration with particular emphasis on the motives behind immigration. Later, it discussed various countries of the world that have considerable immigrants. The book also highlights the patterns of regional movement. Basically, the book covers the phenomenon of immigration worldwide but it has a chapter regarding the issues of immigration in the United Kingdom at page number 124. The editor traces the roots of immigration in the pre-historic areas and opines that restrictions on this natural phenomenon are not possible as it can be decreased but not eliminated totally. It is a good piece of work and can also be described a reference book on the topic. EADE, J. & YORDANKA, V. (eds) (2009). Changing policy, society, and culture in an enlarged Europe. Ashgate Publishing Limited, England. The editors of the book discuss the various cultural patterns of different European countries including the United Kingdom before touching the issue of immigration. In this connection, the ‘fall of Berlin Wall’ has been declared a milestone for whole of the Europe. In the second section, Laurence Cooley discusses the UK’s closed door policy towards Romanian and Bulgarians. He also elaborates community cohesion of Bulgarian immigrants in London and Brighton. Moreover, a chapter has been reserved for the educational experience of Bulgarian children in the schools of London. For this purpose author and editor of the book Valkanova Yordanka prepared a detailed questionnaire for survey of children and their parents. In nutshell, the book focuses only on the immigrants of European countries and immigrants of Asian and African countries had been ignored completely. Read More