Law Essays

One of the most widespread personality disorders among prisoners is borderline personality disorder (BPS). Borderline personality disorder, as defined by DSM-IV, is characterized by “patterns of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins in early adulthood” (Dobbert, 2007, 65).

America's prison reform systems are widely acknowledged to have many flaws. But little is done to improve the system from the public side, as well as the Federal government. Every one of us knows the US has the most secure prisons in the world. The prison security and setup of the nation's highly guarded rehabilitation centers are studied by nations all over the world to build effective centers to contain criminals.

The World Trade Organization (WTO), headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, officially came into being on the 1st of January, 1995 (WTO 12). It replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) with the intention of liberating and supervising international trade. The WTO lays down a structure of bargaining for agreements and makes them official.

The intent of this discussion is to delineate the history of crime measurement, the present and what the future holds with regard to crime measurement. Crime has permeated society since time immemorial. It is essential that law enforcers obtain a reliable way to determine crime. Over the years, crime assessment relied upon the dossier method.

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea is a title for the UN Convention, the Rotterdam Rules, signed in 2009 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, by various countries; its main aim was to reform and harmonizes the law that governs carriage of goods by sea according to the Shipping law 2009.

Suicide is the act of a person killing himself after having time, support, facilities, drugs, or help from another person. The issue of suicide raises debate on different levels, which varies from ethical, religious, moral, spiritual, professional, political, and legal that has a strong impact on the nursing workforce.

The perception of merger control is fundamentally described as the process of periodically reviewing mergers and acquisitions (M&As) under the incorporation of any antitrust or competition law. It has been apparently observed that the significant concern of merger control has become an imperative aspect, especially in the field of public intervention in a particular economy.

The British Constitution is not a single written document. It is a combination of legal and non-legal rules and practices. These practices act as the framework on which the government is based and regulate the behaviour of political parties. From this perspective, it can be claimed that every country has a constitution.

Generally speaking, the English case law was in connection to an injury upon the claimant’s person. In a narrow majority decision of 3:2, the court followed the precedent set in Hotson v East Berkshire Area Health Authority [1987] AC 750, in which claims for loss of chance were disallowed by the court.

Many processes are available through which law can be changed. These processes vary from country to country. Change of law is always necessary to cater the new development, for changing the situation of the country, or make new laws if the existing legislation has not yet catered to the new rising situation or scenario.

Generally, physical abuse involves inflicting or making attempts to inflict physical injury on another person. These include slapping, biting, hitting, punching, or arm-twisting. Physical abuse may also be through blocking a person’s access to resources that he/she needs to maintain health (Cefrey, 2009).

Western Australia Police handle the largest single police jurisdiction globally. They are responsible for the region's security and safety thus playing a central role in maintaining the safety of individuals in Western Australia (WA Police, 2014). As a strategy for accomplishing its objective, WA Police ensures the availability of its personnel at the right time and place.

The health sector in Australia has transformed over years. As a matter of fact, policymakers, stakeholders, and decision-makers describe the magnitude of changes that healthcare systems need as being more than large-scale transformation---a process of radical and profound that orients the Australian model of government into a new direction which gives the sector entirely different level of effectiveness.

E-disclosure is the process of capturing, collecting, restoring, and manipulating the search of electronic documents as part of the system of disclosure in legal litigation. Electronic documents are found on a large range of PC hard drives, DVDs, CDs, USB devices, websites, and other shared networks and an unusually large media background.

A scanning electron microscope is a microscope that generates image samples when scanned by a directed beam of electrons. It works under the principle that free electrons in the sample produce various signals that can be detected. Generally, an image is produced by combining the beam`s position and the detected signal after the electron beam has been scanned in a raster scan pattern.

The legal issues arising out of the contracts between GG and YE and Johnny and Ed are related to the effects of variation of the terms of a contract, waiver and promissory estoppel.  In other words, if GG, anticipating that YE might breach the terms of the contract and in doing so chose to vary the terms of the contract, it is possible that the variation of the terms of the contract formed a new contract to which GG is bound. 

Theories in criminology have generally focused on an array of sociological and psychological forces as explanations for criminal behaviour. Jack Katz revolutionized theorizing in criminology when he introduced his ‘seductions of crime’ theory in 1988 as a comprehensive explanation of the causes of crime.

Generally, the acts are viewed as civil crimes and are punished through monetary punishment. Both defamation and invasion of privacy have long histories of being crimes and civil offenses. Defamation can be committed through oral means and is known as slander or through written means and is known as libel.

Homicides are generally criminal offenses committed by any person against the state and punishable according to the law (Card, 1998, P.1). They are either lawful or unlawful such as murder, manslaughter, defilement, rape, and robbery among others (Card, 1998,  P.167). However, in this paper, the researcher is interested in “Homicide crime scene investigation.”

Despite of the fact of the introduction of the 5th and 14th Amendments and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, there exist racial inequalities in the American criminal justice system even today. American criminal laws while on the face of it appear to be neutral but are implemented in a style that pervasively and massively appears to be prejudiced. 

The development of the principles of the cases related to the claim of damages for psychological injuries is now recognized. They were not accepted in law in the past. However, as long as a physical or mental injury was foreseeable, and the defendant caused it, then a tortuous claim can be made on that premise.

Article 1 of Directive 2000/78/EC disallows discrimination in occupation and employment. Some of the forms of discrimination are on the basis of age and gender. The Member States of the European Union (EU) is allowed by Article 3(4) of this Directive to abstain from applying the provisions of the latter to the armed forces when it concerns age.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been successful in fulfilling its objective of according justice to victims or engendering reconciliation in this war-torn region. The following discussion proves this contention. The objective behind forming the Tribunal was to secure justice for the victims of the conflict and to dissuade future leaders from engaging in similar outrages.

A relatively large proportion of kids, even those that live under dismal circumstances, refrain from delinquent behavior and criminal activities. Very few have run-ins with law enforcement and an equally limited number are adjudicated delinquent. It is this small percentage of youthful offenders that is responsible for the rise in juvenile crime, creating an apprehensive environment in schools and communities at large.

Sam is the manager of a computer supplies firm by the name Brighton Computers Ltd. He hired Kimberly two years ago as a salesperson with an at-will employment agreement subject to a 30-day probationary employment period. Kimberly did not have any experience, but she is young and aggressive in the market, especially when selling computers.

This research essay will make attempt to discuss how trademarks in the EU currently enjoy adequate protection and that any further enlargement of the rights of the proprietor may badly impact the consumer in the EU. Trademark encourages fair competition, safeguards consumers from confusion and acts as a stimulus for the proper functioning of market economies by facilitating consumers to vent their choice for a specific product or service.

In the present scenario, the internet is identified to be used in an effective manner, as an important source of entertainment along with information in a global context. Additionally, the internet has changed the trend of communication along with conducting business operations. Currently, it has also facilitated in sharing of information in an easier and faster manner.

Alf had entered into a leasehold agreement with Bella, Charles, David and Eva. But Eva had recently terminated their lease agreement by relocating from the property. The primary legal issue is whether the agreements which Alf had entered into with the tenants are binding on George when he finally obtains the freehold of the property from Alf.

While much of Western civilization predicates its system of law on the notion of freedom of the individual, particularly relative to speech and conduct, the law has also been built to contain certain protections as well.  Just an individual claims to have the right to free speech, for example, an opposing individual has the equal right not to have slanderous words or deeds thrust at them without a proper venue for defense.

With a decade passed in the 21st century, an intellectual amateur may perchance question the customary need of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and its advisory opinion rules (opinion Juris), when International Organizations (IOs) with rights of a legal personality have an examined and all-inclusive administrative profiling along with a clear understanding of the humanitarian grounds for sovereign states.

The organizations fundamentally promote voluntary coordination and cooperation between or among their respective members. It is often identified that international organizations follow varied sorts of international laws with a strong belief that they can stabilize economies in the form of generating a substantial amount of revenue.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) encompasses the incorporation of corporate self-regulation practices in the business model of different organizations operating in a wide array of industries across the globe. An alternative name for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is Sustainable Reporting Business.

Fiction theory assumes that only individuals can have the necessary mens rea for criminal liability. Although modern legal systems hold that individuals should be criminally liable first and foremost, it is also accepted that there are circumstances in which the company should incur criminal responsibility.

The prime intention of this is to critically examine the basic concept of tort along with the consequences leading to imposing major hurdles for the plaintiffs. In order to assess the significance of tort law, the study incorporates a wide view of the aspects associated with the negligent advice and misguiding information that breach the principles of ‘duty of care.’

From the perspective of federal law, the term ‘preemption’ is defined as a legal term, which is generally used when the Congress or Constitution offers exclusive legislative authority to the federal government concerning a particular issue (FindLaw, “Bank of America v. City and County of San Francisco”).

As per the UK government's Alcohol Strategy (2012), the UK witnessed about 1.2 million alcohol-associated hospital admissions and 1 million alcohol-associated violent crimes in 2010/11. Binge drinking among 15-16-year-olds in the UK seems to be on the increase, and the levels of binge drinking are too high compared to many European nations.

The Hajj is an Islamic religious ceremony and is one of the most popular religious ceremonies in the world. It is celebrated during the last month of the Islamic Calendar (Dhu al-Hijjah) between the 8th and 12th. Loosely translated, Hajj means an intention to make a journey. It involves paying homage to the holy city of Mecca and related holy sites to perform certain specific rituals.

The concept of democracy is based on four elements. The first is the existence of a political system of choosing and replacing a government through a free and fair electoral process, secondly, the people are to actively participate in political and civil life, thirdly there must be a means of protection of human rights of every citizen and lastly a rule of law whereby every procedure is applied to all citizen as equally.

The need to improve security in the United States has led to the adoption of a number of laws and legislations aimed at securing individuals from armed aggression and violence. Following the second amendment in the United States, citizens were allowed to possess guns as a way of protection against violent crime (Lott, 2013).

The law enforcement institutions constitute the most integral arm of the government with the constitutional mandate of ensuring order and compliance with the criminal justice system of the land. Additionally, such an institution has the mandate of providing a rational interpretation of both domestic and international laws, with the aim of promoting justice and fairness for the citizens under governance.

The introduction of confessions in criminal cases, for all practical purposes, is such powerful evidence of guilt, that other evidence presented seems excessive. This is especially in cases of serious crimes such as homicide and sexual assault, where the prosecution and defense counsel engage in a battle of words during criminal trials, to satisfy the beyond reasonable doubt threshold.

Registration of political parties in Australia is the responsibility of the Electoral Commission.  The registration is governed by Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth). According to section 123, an eligible political party means a political party that is either a parliamentary party or has at least 500 members.

The role of the media in any society is to provide information, opinions and criticisms on different aspects affecting society. The Australian media just like any form of media has a role to play in the development of Australian society. When this information is analyzed from a theoretical approach it is possible to notice the levels of transparency and bias in media reports.

According to the taxation law of Australia, assessable income refers to income that is subjected to taxation on grounds that one earns more than his/her tax-free threshold. A number of examples of assessable income have been available to the public in Australia, as per the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1997. 

In this case, Henry was convicted of charges of theft in Fiji while he was abroad. It is evident Henry is a medical specialist, a profession that should be treated with all the morals and virtues dealing with the patients. The Victorian Government did not look into his past criminal history prior to his employment, and this activity was deemed as a preservation of the duty of confidentiality.

The issue is whether Karen and Lucy breached their duty to care and diligence. This is after they agreed to move to they agreed to move their business to a new location. During the decision-making process, Lucy did not have a proper understanding of the financial implications. Karen was doubtful but nevertheless agreed that they should relocate their business.

Globalization refers to the process through which the world has become interrelated and interconnected through an increase in the exchange of ideas, opinions, culture, and trade. Globalization has been taking place since time immemorial. However, the pace and extent of globalization have hastened in recent years.

The era where countries could use trade barriers as protectionist tools is long gone. Today, international trade is characterized by intensified economic cooperation and globalized trade. In the place of tariffs, countervailing and anti-dumping measures are becoming the new channels of trade protectionism.

There has been increased competitiveness that has made the business environment quite involved. Intellectual property (IP) is now at the center stage of global interactions as different companies and ideas are formed every day. IP is a very important strategic resource for both business and national competitiveness (Lubman, 2011).

Law enforcement is part of day-to-day life in order to maintain order in a nation. For fair and transparent law enforcement, there has to be an understanding among the judiciary, law enforcers and civilians. However, in some instances, there are reports of improper enforcement of the law.