Wearable Technology for Crime Scene Investigation - Annotated Bibliography Example

Baber, C., Smith, P., Cross, J., Zasikowski, D., & Hunter, J. (2005). Wearable technology for crime scene investigation. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 138-143. This source talks about how technology can be used to recover evidence at crime scenes. This technology is quite compact and can be worn or kept in an evidence bag. Budowle, B., Leggitt, J. L., Defenbaugh, D. A., Keys, K. M., & Malkiewicz, S. F. (2000). The presumptive reagent flourescein for detection of dilute bloodstains and subsequent STR typing of record DNA. Journal of Forensic Science, 45(5), 1090-1092. This particular journal discusses how chemicals can be used to detect blood stains that are not visible to the human eye. The chemicals that are primarily used are luminol and fluorescein. Day, J. S., Edwards, H. G. M., Dobrowski, S. A., & Voice, A. M. (2004). The detection of drugs of abuse in fingerprints using Raman spectroscopy II: Cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Bimolecular Spectroscopy, 60(8-9), 1725-1730. With these chemicals, investigators can accurately detect drug use. Furthermore, the fingerprints of the users can also be recovered at spectacular speed. Faigman, D. L., Saks, M. J., Sanders, J., & Cheng, E. K. (2008). Modern scientific evidence: Forensics. Eagan, MN: West Group. This book touches on a wide variety of topics that involve forensics and crime scene investigation. Handwriting identification, fingerprinting, drug testing, polygraph tests, DNA typing, and the identification of fire arms are among the many topics that are discussed in great detail. Fitsev, I. M., Blokhin, V. K., & Budnikov, G. K. (2004). Chromatographic techniques in forensic chemical examinations. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 59(12), 1061-9348. This article discusses the importance of developing a uniform system, which will enable experts to conduct a comprehensive investigation. The system discussed in this article allows for more accuracy when testing drugs, chemicals, and other evidence. Garner, M., Rill, H. G., Vossel, G., & Godert, H. W. (2006). Psycho physiological and vocal measures in the detection of guilty knowledge. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 60(1), 76-87. Through a series of tests, deception can be detected based on a person’s vocal inflections. The Guilty Knowledge Test contains questions that are aimed at finding out whether or not a person has guilty knowledge of some sort. Gladyshev, P., & Patel, A. (2005). Formalizing event time bounding in digital investigations. International Journal of Digital Database, 4(2), 1-14. This journal article talks about the importance of time stamps in digital investigations. In the case that time stamps are altered, as sometimes criminals due to get away with crimes, there are techniques that are used to determine the time when events actually occurred. Harvey, M. (2005). An alternative for the extraction and storage of DNA from insects in forensic entomology. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50(3), 627-629. This article discusses the importance of extracting DNA from insects to estimate how much time has passed since death has occurred. From this research, we can then use this knowledge to estimate the amount of time that has passed since the death of a human. Howitt, D., Tulleners, F., Cebra, K., & Chen, S. (2008). A calculation of the theoretical significance of matched bullets. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(4), 868-875. Through a series of examinations and matching the bullets that have been fired from fire arms, investigators are able to determine which bullets were used by the suspect in a crime. While this sort of testing has been going on since the 1920’s, the tests that are used to detect the bullets have now drastically improved. Jain, A. K., Lin, H., Pankanti, S., & Bolle, R. (1997). An identity-authentication system using fingerprints. Proceedings of the IEEE, 85(9), 1365-1388. With technology perfecting itself all the time more ways are being discovered to authenticate fingerprints. This enables crimes to be solved in a speedy manner and criminals to be held responsible for their actions. Juusola, J., & Ballantyne, J. (2005). Multiplex mRNA profiling for the identification of body fluids. Forensic Science International, 152(1), 1-12. This article talks about how Multiplex mRNA profiling can be effective in indentifying body fluids, which are key to solving a crime and prosecuting criminals. This method can indentify eight different body fluids from stains that contain only one or multiple bodily fluids. Kam, M., Gummadidala, K., Fielding, G., & Conn, R. (2001). Signature authentication by forensic document examiners. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46(4), 884-888. This journal talks about a controlled study that was used to test and indentify different signatures. This study showed how two groups, lay persons and forensic investigators identified six different signatures that were shown to them. Langleben, D. D. (2008). Detection of deception with fMRI: are we there yet? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 13(1), 1-9. FMRI is used to detect whether or not a person is telling a lire or the truth. Further research is very promising, and it is the hope of Academic scholars and forensic investigators that such a tool can be used to detect deception in the future. Lin, W. S., Zhao, H. V., & Ray Liu, K. J. R. (2006). Scalable multimedia fingerprinting forensics with side information. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2293-2296. While pollution will ruin the evidence in an investigation, there are eight techniques for digital fingerprinting that will enable prints to remain clear and allow investigators to still have an efficient amount of evidence needed to complete an investigation Lizotte, T. E. (2008). Forensic firearm identification of semiautomatic handguns using laser formed micro stamping elements. Optical Technologies for Arming, Safing, Fuzing and Firing IV Conference, 7070. Mertens, G. (2009). Forensic DNA typing: Quo vadis? The Open Forensic Science Journal, 1(2), 21-28. In order to determine which fire arm was used to commit a crime, investigators carefully examine the inside of the gun for scratches and other unique markings or imperfections that occurred during the manufacturing process and comparing them to the bullets that are released from the gun when they are fired. This method has aided investigators to solving crimes, which enables criminals to be prosecuted. Mertens, R., & Allen, J. J. B. (2007). The role of psychophysiology in forensic assessments: Deception, detection, ERPs, and virtual reality mock crime scenarios. Psychophysiology, 45(2), 286-298. This article explores the possibilities of brain fingerprinting being used to detect deception. Should this work, such a method would decrease the chances of less people being falsely accused. Myers, J. R., & Adkins, W. K. (2008). Comparison of modern techniques for saliva screening. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(4), 836-867. It is challenging to screen saliva for DNA; however, it is possible. Three techniques are being explored in this article in regards to the testing of human saliva, which are SALIgAE®, Phadevas®, and starch-iodine mini-centrifuge. Niels, R., & Vuurpijl, L. (2005). Using dynamic time warping for intuitive handwriting recognition. In A. Marcelli & C. de Stafano (Eds.), Advances in Graphonomics: Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the International Graphonomics Society (pp. 217-221). Civitella, IT: Editrice Zona. This particular paper discusses the use of dynamic time warping to determine which person wrote a certain document. As a matter of fact, this process is quite accurate and has been a major help to forensic investigators. Randich, E., Fickies, T. E., Tulleners, F. A., Andresen, B. D., & Grant, P. M. (2000). Restoration tactics for seriously corroded copper and copper alloy firearms evidence. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45(6), 1316-1319. This article talks about the scientific advancements in methods that concern the issues that are in regards to fire arms. Countries around the world have participated in these efforts. Saks, M. J., & Koehler, J. J. (2005). The coming paradigm shift in forensic identification science. Science, 309(5736), 892-895. Due to there being numerous errors in the fields of forensics, change is required to insure accuracy when testing evidence. Professional court evidence coupled with DNA typing is currently models that are used for questioning in a case. Schwartz, A. (2005). A systemic challenge to the reliability and admissibility of firearms and tool mark identification. Columbia Science & Technology Law Review, 6. Retrieved August 19, 2009, from http://www.stlr.org/html/volume6/schwartz.txt Fire arms and tool mark managers claim that they can single out a particular fire arm or other tool that was used to commit the crime to be part of the evidence. Due to there being flaws in the field of the examination of fire arms and tools, innocent people have been punished, and sometimes, they have been sentenced to death. The article tells us that it is very important to exclude such evidence from court if it is not accurate and absolute. Sidler, M., Jackowski, C., Dirnhofer, R., Vock, P., & Thali, M. (2007). Use of multi slice computed tomography in disaster victim identification – advantages and limitations. Forensic Science International, 169(2), 118-128. This article talks about a study that analyzes the use of postmortem multislice computed tomography and how it is used to obtain a great deal of information about a victim after death. Such a technique is useful in that it enables victims to be identified, as well as helps to determine the cause of death, should the bodies be too badly decayed. Forensic investigators use this information to solve criminal mysteries, which then leads to a speedy prosecution of the criminals. Srihari, S. A., & Leedham, G. (2003). A survey of computer methods in forensic document examination. Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the International Graphonomics Society. Scottsdale, AZ. This article discusses how various types of software can assist in a criminal investigation. Furthermore, this software are spectacular in narrowing down searches as to where a particular document originates. This can help to determine the origin of handwriting so handwriting can be matched to a criminal. Thali, M., Jackowski, C., Oesterhelweg, L., Ross, S., & Dirnhofer, R. (2007). VIRTOPSY – the Swiss virtual autopsy approach. Legal Medicine, 9(2), 100-104. This article discusses the aim of the Virtopsy Project and how it can help forensic investigators. This technology improves the quality of the field of forensics, as it enables those who study forensics and medicine to obtain more evidence on a case, such as determining the cause of death, as well as other factors that might determine to solve a criminal mystery. The Vertopsy Project is software that allows forensic specialists, as well as medical professionals to complete a virtual autopsy. Trejos, T., & Almira, J. R. (2005). Sampling strategies for the analysis of glass fragments by LA-ICP-MS: Part I. Micro-homogeneity study of glass and its application to the interpretation of forensic evidence. Talanta, 67(2), 388-395. This article’s purpose is to evaluate fragments of glass that is found at crime scenes. Such fragments come from containers, windows, and windshields, just to name a few of the many things that might be found that have been broken at the scene. These fragments are examined for DNA and other particles that might lead to an answer for the investigators. Wells, J. D., & Stevens, J R. (2008). Application of DNA-based methods in forensic entomology. Annual Review of Entomology, 53, 103-120. This article talks about how a forensic investigation team can benefit from a variety of molecular genotyping methods. Some of these methods that are more than likely to be used in an investigation are the identification of a specimen using DNA; identify insect guts to determine which insect they came from, and to test the characterization of the genetics of an insect that is important in a forensic investigation. Woods, P. M. (2006). Trace evidence examination. In C. H. Wecht & J. T. Rago (Eds.), Forensic science and law: investigative applications in criminal, civil and family justice (pp. 323-332). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. This book explains the many methods of investigation that can be used to achieve justice. When applying these various methods to the principles of our justice system as we know it, we can work towards uncovering the truth. Babour, R. S. (1998). Mixing qualitative methods: Quality assurance or qualitative quagmire? Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), 352-361. When quantitative and qualitative methods are mixed together in the qualitative paradigm, it has been viewed as a practice that is much more straightforward. Though this view is highly esteemed, this article challenges it, discussing which research questions and methods are appropriate and which ones are not. Brace, I. (2008). Questionnaire design: How to plan, structure and write survey material for effective market research. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page Limited. This book sheds light on the topic concerning how to write questionnaires. Furthermore, it talks about which one is appropriate and at which times they should be used. Campbell, T. (1996). Technology, multimedia, and qualitative research in education. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 30(9), 122-133. This article discusses the impact that multimedia and other technology has on the learning environment. Such technology is also immeasurably helpful when conducting research. Clonts, J. G. (1992). The concept of reliability as it pertains to data from qualitative studies. Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the South West Educational Research Association. Houston, TX. 605 The Qualitative Report December 2003. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association (Houston, TX, January 31-February 2, 1992). This paper takes a look at liability as it pertains to qualitative studies. It shows us how the same results can always be attained using similar methods. Danya International. (n.d.). The relationship between the research questions, hypotheses, specific aims and long-term goals of the project research question. Retrieved on August 1, 2009, from http://www.theresearchassistant.com/tutorial/2-1.asp The article gives points to the reader as to how to creat a strong research question. Then the research process is explained in explicit detail. Dunning, H. (2008). A mixed method approach to quality of life research: A case study approach. Journal of Social Indicators Research, Vol. 85, No. 1, Jan. 2008. This article goes over the many ways in which mixed Methods can be used and applied. Methods, such as face to face interviews and telephone surveys were explored. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Incorporated. This is a book that talks about how qualitative inquiry is used to achieve social justice in our present time. This text is a must have for anyone who wishes to embark in the field of qualitative research. Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28, 1-11. This article talks about how ecologists utilize tests for finding out a significance in statistics. The article explains that if there is no significance in statistics, this is due to the fact that there is no effect on the population being studied: or, the study is designed in such a way that no effect can be detected. Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597-607. This article goes into detail as to what qualitative and quantitative research actually is. In addition, as far as qualitative research is concerned, the information is tested to see to it that it is valid and truthful. Henrichsen, L., Smith, M. T., & Baker, D. S. (1997). Taming the research beast: Research methods in TESL and language acquisition. Retrieved from Brigham Young University, Department of Linguistics website: http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/researchmethods/RM_0_01.html This article explains to the reader exactly what research is, and it breaks down the process so the reader does not feel overwhelmed. The reader is walked through every step of the research process, so he does not feel frightened and overwhelmed by the research project assigned to him. Hopeful, M. C. (1997). Choosing qualitative research: A primer for technology education researchers. Journal of Technology Education, 9(1), 47-63. Retrieved February 25, 1998, from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v9n1/pdf/hoepfl.pdf In the field of technology, the methods used to research information have grown and expanded drastically. This essay outlines three methods that are used. Interpreting non-significant results (n.d). In Online Statistic online. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/chapter9/nonsignificant.html This site helps one to determine whether or not a hypothesis is true or false. A statistical analysis, as well as specific formulas are used to determine this. Morgan, D. L., & Spanish, M. T. (1984). Focus groups: A new tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Sociology, 7(3), 253-270. Using focus groups for qualitative research is a relatively new strategy for social scientists. This article discusses how this has drastically helped in finding reliable information about certain groups of people. Morton-Williams, J., & Sykes, W. (1984). The use of interaction coding and follow-up interviews to investigate comprehension of survey questions. Journal of the Market Research Society, 26, 109-127. This article talks about the importance of the understanding of the person taking the survey. When the person completely and clearly comprehends what is being asked of him, only then is the survey successful. Schlotzhauer S D., Littell R C. (1997), SAS system for elementary statistical analysis. SAS Publishing. This book shows the reader how to compare groups of data using the SAS System Analysis. Some of the methods that are used to compare data groups are barred charts, frequency tables, and descriptive statistics. Schwab, D. P. (2005). Research methods for organizational studies. London: Routledge. This book talks about how research study socialization within organization. Researchers study and research different activities within an organization, such as transactions between organizations and how people within a single organization interact with one another. Singer, F. (2007). Dualism, Science, and Statistics. BioScience. Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 778-782. This article vehemently challenges the Hypothetico-Deductive method. It is stated that this particular method is confusing to students, as there are at least four weaknesses in teaching it to students. Soy, S. K. (1997). The case study as a research method. Unpublished paper, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved March 30, 2009, from http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~ssoy/usesusers/l391d1b.htm This report talks about the importance of case study research and how it has helped researchers for decades across a variety of disciplines. Furthermore, it discusses how case study research can be implemented. Stark, S., Chernyshenko, O. S., Chan, K., Lee, W. C., & Drasgow, F. (2001). Effects of the testing situation on item responding: Cause for concern. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 943-953. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. (n.d.). In SPSS, Incorporated online. Retrieved from http://www.spss.com/corpinfo/ This is a guide to helping organizations improve through analytics. It discusses how technology is provided to people in all sorts of businesses. The field virtually does not matter. Statistical Significance. (n.d.). In StatPac, Incorporated online. Retrieved from http://www.statpac.com/surveys/statistical-significance.htm This paper talks about the many ways that research use the word “significant” to show the relationship between two things, as well as to show an increase or decrease in data, such as when talking about statistics. This paper also outlines the correct and incorrect usage of the word “significant.” Swets, J. A. (1973)."The relative operating characteristic in psychology," Journal of Science 182, 990-1000. This paper talks about how clinicians in the field of psychology can use various research methods to determine whether or not a diagnosis is truth or false. While clinicians would rather prefer a false diagnosis over one that is certain, as it is stressful on relaying this information to the patient, there are a number of methods to reach this conclusion with great accuracy. Trochim, W., & Donnelly, J. (2007). The research methods knowledge base (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog Publishing. This book can be used by people who study in a variety of disciplines. It thoroughly covers both quantitative and qualitative methods. Zickar, M. J., & Robie, C. (1999). Modeling faking at the item-level. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 551-563. This paper demonstrates how people can easily fake themselves on personality inventories. This research was conducted on a group of military personnel who were put into three categories—those who were to answer honestly, those who were to fake in a perfect way, and those who were to fake under coaching. Read More