Domination of Few People on State Economic Resources - Essay Example

? of “Comparative Politics” Question Elitist theory s that the minority prevailing in the country often manages the governmental administration. Management of economic and political affairs becomes the duty and responsibility of elite class. Political scientists consider it as the domination of few people on the economic resources of the country. This situation is workable in those countries where majority do not have an interest to participate in the democratic process of the country. There are many examples of elitist theory which can be discussed. The dictatorship or authoritarian governments can be considered as an example of elitist theory. In majority of the cases elite class of the society exercise their powers because of certain skills which are quite unique in that particular area. This is the reason on the basis of which most of the people living in elitist society could not challenge the status quo. Most of the people assume government as an elite group. However this is not the case always. Corporate sector can also act as an elite group of the society. They are on a bargaining position because of their revenue generating capability which will ultimately benefit the country. Real life scenarios of recent past suggest that corporations even play role in developing governments across the globe. Therefore it can be concluded that elite group has a powerful role to play in the growth and development. The pressure groups are almost inexistent in the elitist society. They do not have the resources to influence their point of view on elitist. Elitist theory also states that whenever attempts are made to over through elitist, the reaction of could be very harmful for the effective functioning of the society. Therefore decent homework will be required to alter such system (Machiavelli, NiccoloI€, W. K. Marriott, Nelle Fuller, and Thomas Hobbes, 1955). Pluralist theory suggests that economic development of the nation is the responsibility of government. However certain pressure groups can influence the decision making process of government. In pluralist society public have the power to actively criticize the decisions of government and develop a pressure group for the improvement of their living conditions. There are classes of competing groups who try to grab maximum power by dissecting the opportunities for other pressure groups. Political scientists are of the opinion that pluralist society cannot become stable in the long run since it does not have unity of command. Unstable governments are the norm of those societies. As far as the case of Unites States of America is concerned it can be concluded that pluralistic democratic system is prevailing in the country. Government administration of USA has to face to pressure as well as opposition members on the congress before making any decision associated with the government. Occupy Wall Street movement can be considered as an example of pressure group. There is no limitation on the general public to protest against governmental decisions (Johnson, Janet Buttolph, and Richard Joslyn, 1986). Question 2 Plurality system is the single voting system. According to this system the candidate with highest votes is elected as a member of legislative assembly. This system is based on the constituent politics. There are some political scientists who consider it as a best representative of democratic system. However opponents argue that it is not necessary that general public could elect the member who can solve their problems in the true sense. Therefore the system cannot be considered as fool proof. The condition of absolute majority does not prevail in this system. Simple majority is enough to decide the candidature. Proportional representation system is quite different from plurality system. It is based on seats to voter relationship. For example if party A has received 30% seats in the assembly then that party should also get 30% votes in the electoral process. Political scientists recommend proportional system because of its credibility. Simple majority can be achieved easily but to prove proportional majority is quite difficult. Proportional system also discourages the authoritarian style of managing the organization. Proportional system suits to the political parties working in the country. Therefore parliamentary form of government is the major beneficiary of this system. The opponents of the system argue that political parties who have developed their hegemony will rule the territory without any disturbance or opposition. Most of the third world countries have one or two strong political parties which most often form the government. Therefore it is the responsibility of pressure groups to cut down the influence of such political parties so that ordinary people can also participate in the political process of the country. Both the systems have certain strengths and weaknesses associated to them. Preservation of one person one vote is the major benefit of plurality system. Individual’s vote has a great importance as far as the case of plurality system is concerned. Plurality is considered as a moderating variable in the political system. In other systems of politics people do not vote just because they think that their vote cannot make a real difference. Plurality eradicates such problems. When every candidate will have an equal chance to serve its country then free and fair elections can also be arranged. Plurality promotes two parties system because of which fewer parties prevail in the political process of the country. Besides the advantages of plurality system there are also some disadvantages associated with it. Political monopoly is the major disadvantage of this system. Since there are few political parties, they try to influence the political system to remain in power. Policies are not directed towards the welfare of general public. Most of the funds are directed towards those people who can support the party in the coming elections. Rigging is another weakness or disadvantage associated with the system. Few political parties try to influence the free and fair electoral process to come back in power again without showing their capability to improve things. Although proportional system also has some disadvantages however its overall outlook is satisfying. It discourages monopoly because it provides opportunity to all people to participate in the electoral process. Question 3 Mr. A is a person who is of the opinion that dependency approach is mainly responsible for the backwardness of third world countries while Mr. B is a person who is of the opinion that weak domestic policies are the major contributor towards the lesser economic growth of third world countries. It is established from the history that most of the countries of third world depends upon the aid from developed countries to run their economy. They have not developed their resources efficiently and effectively. Entrepreneurship is not encouraged in this part of the world. This is the reason because of which unemployment is at its peak in these areas. Financial analysis of third world countries also reveals that most of them still rely on IMF and World Bank for their routine economic activities. Governments do not invest in their youth because of which law and order situation of these countries is also questionable (Jacobsen, G. A., and M. H. Lipman, 1965). Mr. B suggests that weak domestic markets are the sole reason because of which countries have not achieved their development goals. He is of the opinion that general public should have an awareness to raise their standard of living by focusing towards their technical skills. When country will have weak domestic markets then it will go for imports which ultimately increase the trade deficit of the country. Situation Analysis through Marxism Ideology Marxism is closely associated with socialism and communism. Therefore it supports the strengthening of local markets by providing it security against foreign markets. Security can be provided by restricting the import of certain goods. In this way domestic markets will also get a time to improve their technical and business skills. Situation Analysis Liberal Ideology Liberals will not accept the idea of banning imports. They are the followers of capitalism. Therefore they often go for slogans like equal treatment or equal employment opportunity. Utility maximization and profit maximization is the ultimate of businesses in the eyes of liberals. Therefore Liberals will agree with Mr. A point of view because he suggests reducing the dependence on foreign aid. Liberals prefer to compete rather than protecting the markets from foreign competition (Goodin, Robert E., and Hans Klingemann, 1996). Question 4 An economic crisis is considered as major crises which can affect the overall administrative system of any organization. Russia’s economy was not stable at that time because of which people do not have the right kind of resources for investment. Foreign investors were leaving Russia because of the turbulent conditions. Communist culture was not popular among general public because of which the existence of the political system was almost impossible at that time. The political crises also affected the Russia’s position. Russia was more interested in the eastern European countries rather than focusing at its own economy. The government was administering the shift towards democracy in other countries while overlooking its major problems. The credibility of political institutions was also at stake because of the unstable situation of the country. These were the major reasons because of which transition of Russia was achieved as expected. As far as the transition of post Mao China is concerned they have also failed to achieve the desired results because of the similar reasons (Eulau, Heinz, and James G. March, 1969). Works Cited Eulau, Heinz, and James G. March. Political science. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Print. Goodin, Robert E., and Hans Klingemann. A new handbook of political science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print. Jacobsen, G. A., and M. H. Lipman. Political science. New York: Barnes and noble, 1965. Print. Johnson, Janet Buttolph, and Richard Joslyn. Political science research methods. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1986. Print. Machiavelli, NiccoloI€, W. K. Marriott, Nelle Fuller, and Thomas Hobbes. The prince. Chicago: EncyclopA¦dia Britannica, 1955. Print. Read More