Does Exercise Lead to Bone Fractures in Adults with Diabetes Name of the Principal Investigator - Research Proposal Example

Project Does Exercise Lead to Bone Fractures in Adults with Diabetes of the Principal Investigator (PI Summary Proposed ResearchProject The proposed research aims to conduct knowledge enhancement activities associated with the risk of bone fracture in adults with diabetes. In order to critically assess the key causes and reduce the risk, the proposed research intends to highlight the importance of physical exercise for adults with diabetes to avert the severe risk of bone fracture. Therefore, the knowledge enhancement proposal would incorporate a relevant set of research parameters to accomplish the desired research question and objectives. The proposed research would focus on undertaking case series study as research approach. The proposed research also intends to set an effective project timeline including the key landmarks and their implementation dates, which can enable the project team to efficiently accomplish the project objectives within the estimated time period. Background Diabetes has in recent times emerged as a growing concern for population across the different states of the United States. According to a statistical report, there are more than 25 million of Americans suffer from the medical concern i.e. diabetes, wherein 5 to 10 percent of diabetes population has type 1 and 90 to 95 percent are within type 2 diabetes (National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, 2012). Type 1 diabetes generally develops in adult population, wherein the body produces considerably low levels of insulin which in turn leads to develop osteoporosis. The development of osteoporosis tends to result in less density of bones that are likely to fracture (National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, 2012). Therefore, with regard to the concerned comprehensions, the proposed study population of the research would be the adults within the age group of 18 to 38 years across the different states of the US. In order to gain adequate number of relevant information about the concern, the adult population within the states would be considered as the demographic population of the research. Moreover, the selection of study population would also focus on the young adults with type 1 diabetes along with their development of osteoporosis which further cause the population to face various types of bone fractures. Literature Review With reference to the epidemiologic datasets of American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2012), the patients with diabetes cannot be apparently classified by the type of diabetes. The clinical presentation and disease development differ significantly within both type 1 or type 2 diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). Similarly, the study of Collins et al. (2009) has also revealed that the adults with type 1 diabetes can be identified to have slow progression of diabetes which is likely to bear the risk of developing osteoporosis and lead to bone fracture along with other difficulties (Collins et al., 2009). According to the research of National Institute of Health (2006), an effective set of exercises can play a major role for this respective group of diabetes survivors to prevent the risk associated with bone fracture. Regular physical exercise can significantly help the adults to enhance their balance along with flexibility and also decrease the chances of falling and fracturing bones (National Institute of Health, 2006). Moreover, Golden et al. (2012) have apparently stated that the issue of fracture risk for the adults with type 1 diabetes is also a growing concern similar to the prevalence of bone fracture for the type 2 diabetes participants. In this context, it has been critically recognized that the bone fracture risk for the adults with type 1 diabetes is higher than the other type of diabetes (Golden et al., 2012). Correspondingly, the research of National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease (2012) has revealed that type 1 diabetes in the adult population results in production of low level of insulin, which tends to develop celiac disease and lower the density of the bone mass (National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, 2012). Statement of the Research Objectives In relation to the recent statistical datasets, the increasing risk of bone fracture for the adults with diabetes can be considered as a growing concern for the national healthcare department of the US. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to determine the aspect that “Does exercise lead to bone fractures in adults with diabetes?” In order to accomplish the primary objective of the research, the statement would define few major aims regarding the risk of bone fracture in adults with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, following are the aims of the research that can provide major support to determine the relevance of the key research objective. The specific aims are to critically analyze the current practices of the healthcare organizations in preventing the risk of bone fracture in adults with diabetes Specific aim to evaluate the significance of exercise through analyzing different consequences connected with diabetes The specific aims of the research are to critically examine relevant exercises to reduce the risk of bone fracture in adults with diabetes Methods In order to determine the research methodology for the specific research, it can be exemplified that the proposed research study would follow a systematic approach in order to evaluate the key objective of the research. There are a number of research methods that can be observed to determine the goals and objectives of the research. In this research study, ‘case series study’ would be followed as the research approach which can be termed to be effective to critically assess and determine the role of exercise to reduce the risk of bone fracture in adults with diabetes. The concept of case series study method can be regarded as one of the most effective and widely used practices for the researchers to successfully achieve the desired objectives of a particular phenomenon (Welsh et al., 2010). In relation to the basic concept of the method, the case study series research tends to involve a number of essential aspects that helps the researchers to successfully examine different cases and formulate relevant findings. The process of assessing different relevant cases would provide adequate support in the proposed research in collecting essential information and gaining adequate insights to determine the potential findings of the research. With regard to the proposed source population, the execution of case series methodology would enable to critically demonstrate the findings that are evaluated by the cases while examining the importance of exercise for the adult diabetes participants in the US. In this context, it can be stated that the proposed study would highly focus on determining major factors demonstrated in the published cases with respect to the research question. The process would further help to determine the critical role of exercise to reduce the risk of bone fracture in adults with diabetes. In relation to the sampling method, the cases would be accepted in accordance with their relevance along with accountability related to the research question and objective. In order to increase the viability of the research process, the sampling method of the proposed research would focus on integrating governmentally accredited cases. The strategy of evaluating cases with government accreditation would help to justify the relevance and accountability of the research process and address different aspects of the concern. In the similar context, the strategy would also help to increase the quality of the research as the government accredited cases regarding the concerned research topic would incorporate highly verified research findings and would incorporate appropriate methods and techniques that are highly effective for judging major reasons behind bone fracture in adults with diabetes. Consequently, it would facilitate to judge whether exercise leads to bone fracture amid the adults with diabetes or it facilitates to reduce bone fracture by increasing bone mass and strength. Moreover, the strategy of government accreditation would further help the proposed study to develop relevant findings associated with the role of exercise to reduce the risk of bone fracture for the adults with diabetes. In the context of strategy of recruiting, the proposed study would considerably focus on the selection process of the relevant cases. The effective selection process of the cases would provide adequate opportunity to gather key information and data to address the key question of the research. In this regard, the cases will be selected in accordance with their reliability, quality and relevance to the proposed research objectives. The pertinent cases for the proposed study will be selected in the context of relevant information about the implication of exercise for the adults who are affected by type 1 diabetes. Therefore, the process of selecting appropriate and relevant cases would provide adequate support to the research study to determine the impact of exercise in minimizing risk of bone fracture for the adults with diabetes. Data Collection Methods Data collection is defined as the process of collecting information and facts required for the evaluation of a significant problem. The main objective of data collection method is to gather information in order to keep record, pass information to others and make decisions regarding important issues associated with the different research processes (Johnson et al., 2007). The data collection process of the proposed research would focus on gathering relevant information regarding the causes of bone fracture in adults with diabetes. Correspondingly, the data collection process would primarily focus on examining the role and significance of exercise for the adults with diabetes. In the context of an effective case series study method, data collection enables to formulate and to make various assumptions about the topic in order to develop facts that can be helpful in the assessment of the particular issue. It is a sort of arrangement for obtaining useful information on the key characteristics of the particular issue in order to resolve it in an efficient and effective manner. Conseuqnetly, an experimental study design would be followed with regard to primary research in order to acknowledge the research objectives. The process would facilitate the study to determine an effective set of relevant practices that can reduce the risk of bone fracture or improve bone mineral density of adults with severe diabetes. In order to maintain the accountability of the research study, the data collection process would also incorporate strong ethical standards to refrain from any kind of disputes or issues. In this context, the ethical consideration in the data collection process would primarily focus on collecting information from valid and reliable secondary sources to avert various types of ethical issues. Adherence to ethical standards for the proposed study would also enable to mitigate potential risks associated with irrelevant information or misrepresentation of findings relating to the research question. In this context, informed concent will be obtained based on ‘IRB Research Proposal/Human Subjects Application Form’ to ensure that the proposed research follows strict ethical guidelines. In this regard, the cases that will be evaluated will be considered as the primary research evidences. Data Analysis Method The data analysis method in the case series study provides adequate support to the researchers to obtain justifiable and empirical findings regarding the research question and objectives. The method significantly would involve major attributes of collecting relevant information about the roles and importance of exercise to mitigate the risk of bone fracture in adult population having diabetes. The data analysis method would represent a thematic analysis of the cases that are selected to address the key research question. The concept of thematic analysis can be regarded as an effective and widely accepted qualitative analytical tool that increases the quality of a particular research. The method considerably improves the identification process of the research to critically justify the relevance of each data with respect to the research question along with aims. In relation to the proposed research, the execution of an effective thematic analysis would provide adequate insight to identify a number of relevant aspects regarding the issue of bone fracture in adults with diabetes. The method would significantly enable to incorporate a set of key sources that will explain the likely causes of developing osteoporosis in adults while they are suffering from type 1 diabetes. Additionally, the thematic process in the data analysis methodology would further help to determine an effective set of exercises for the adults to reduce the risk of osteoporosis which leads to bone fracture in adults with diabetes. Timeline of the Proposed Research Project Activities Months (February to September, 2014) Feb. Mar Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Formulation of Research Aims Review of Literature Formulation of Research Objectives Preparation of Research Design Data Collection Process Data Analysis Process Analyzing Findings Conclusion Submission and Publication of the Research Study Fig: Timeline of the Project Activities Budgeting Plan of the Proposed Research Enumerating effective budgeting plan for a research project can be considered as a key success factor, which enables to determine and explore the required funding associated with different research based activities. In relation to the proposed research, the budgeting plan would encompass the costs associated with each step of the research process. The following table represents a valid and relevant budget plan for the proposed research study. Budget Items Amount Sub-Total a Salaries for Support Staff Project Administration/Coordination and Data Analysis for Duration of the Research $ 6000 Administrative Assistance, Data Coding, and Analysis Support $ 2500 Total Personnel Expense $ 8500 b Equipment Procurement of Research Tools (Journal Articles, Analytical Software such as MS Excel) $ 600 Total Direct Expense $ 600 c Travel Expenses Domestic Travel For Gaining Relevant Information and Guidance $ 750 Total Travel Expenses $ 750 Miscellaneous $ 150 $ 150 TOTAL REQUIRED FUND $ 10, 000 Curriculum Vitae (C.V.) NAME: Mailing Address: Email: Contact No.: Fax No.: Current Position: Full Time Student Academic Qualification: Relevant Publications Related to the Study: 1. American Diabetes Association. (2012). Standards of medical Care in diabetes 2012. Diabetes Care 35, S11-S63. 2. Collins, T. C., Ewing, S. K, Diem, S. J., Taylor, B. C., Orwoll, E. S., Cummings, S. R., Strotmeyer, E. S. & Ensrud, K. E. (2009). Peripheral arterial disease is associated with higher rates of hip bone loss and increased fracture risk in older men. Circulation 119(17), 2305-2312. 3. Golden, S. H., Brown, A., Cauly, J. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Kim, C., Sosa, J. A., Sumner, A. E. & Anton, B. (2012). Health disparities in endocrine disorders: Biological, clinical and non-clinical factors – An endocrine society scientific statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(9), E1579-E1639. 4. National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease. (2012). What people with diabetes need to know about osteoporosis. Retrieved from http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/Conditions_Behaviors/diabetes.pdf 5. National Institute of Health. (2006). What People With Diabetes Need to Know About Osteoporosis. Retrieved from http://chfs.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/F75C99AD-D310-4F75-8221-429CC549EA7E/0/NIHDiabetesandOsteoporosis.pdf Research Interests: To determine whether exercise plays a positive or negative role in relation to the risk of bone fracture in adults with diabetes within the geographic periphery of the United States Recent Awards: Current and Previous Support from Other Sources: Support sources include: National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease National Institute of Health American Diabetes Association Appendix Appendix I – Informed Consent: IRB RESEARCH PROPOSAL/HUMAN SUBJECTS APPLICATION FORM TITLE: Does Exercise Lead to Bone Fractures in Adults with Diabetes? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: Area of the research/supportive data: Bone Fractures in Adults with Diabetes Research question: Does Exercise Lead to Bone Fractures in Adults with Diabetes? Theoretical and empirical goals of this research: Analyzing Causes The purpose of this research project: To identify relevant measures to prevent the risk of bone fracture of the adults with diabetes Relevant literature pertaining to the proposed research study: Following is the Completed Citation of the relevant literatures pertaining to the proposed research study: 1. American Diabetes Association. (2012). Standards of medical Care in diabetes 2012. Diabetes Care 35, S11-S63. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3632172/pdf/S11.pdf 2. Collins, T. C., Ewing, S. K, Diem, S. J., Taylor, B. C., Orwoll, E. S., Cummings, S. R., Strotmeyer, E. S. & Ensrud, K. E. (2009). Peripheral arterial disease is associated with higher rates of hip bone loss and increased fracture risk in older men. Circulation 119(17), 2305-2312. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766264/pdf/nihms131870.pdf 3. Golden, S. H., Brown, A., Cauly, J. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Kim, C., Sosa, J. A., Sumner, A. E. & Anton, B. (2012). Health disparities in endocrine disorders: Biological, clinical and non-clinical factors – An endocrine society scientific statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(9), E1579-E1639. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431576/ 4. National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease. (2012). What people with diabetes need to know about osteoporosis. Retrieved from http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/Conditions_Behaviors/diabetes.pdf 5. National Institute of Health. (2006). What People With Diabetes Need to Know About Osteoporosis. Retrieved from http://chfs.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/F75C99AD-D310-4F75-8221-429CC549EA7E/0/NIHDiabetesandOsteoporosis.pdf SUBJECT RECRUITMENT: Recruitment: Selection of the Cases Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: Relevance and practical information regarding the issue INFORMED CONSENT: Informed Consent will be obtained through: Providing online consent form to the respective authors from whom the information will be collected. Study Activities: Setting research questions and objectives, reviewing various articles, selecting relevant cases, analyzing cases through experimental method and providing findings METHOD AND PROCEDURES: Data Collection and Analysis: Case briefing data Site: Online research scholarly sources Types of risks: Information validity and relevance Frequency/likelihood of risks: Low Term of study: Case series study of different valid and relevant literatures Monetary/gift compensation: N.A. BENEFITS: Direct benefits participants could potentially receive: Understanding of effective set of exercises to improve density of bone mass in the adults with diabetes RISKS TO SUBJECTS: Risks compare to benefits: Low amount of risk CONFIDENTIALITY OF DATA: Statement on how you data will remain confidential: Selecting relevant and valid sources with respect to the research question and objectives. Procedures/process which will reduce or minimize risks: Ethical consideration in the context of collecting and analyzing data References American Diabetes Association. (2012). Standards of medical Care in diabetes 2012. Diabetes Care 35, S11-S63. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3632172/pdf/S11.pdf Collins, T. C., Ewing, S. K, Diem, S. J., Taylor, B. C., Orwoll, E. S., Cummings, S. R., Strotmeyer, E. S. & Ensrud, K. E. (2009). Peripheral arterial disease is associated with higher rates of hip bone loss and increased fracture risk in older men. Circulation 119(17), 2305-2312. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766264/pdf/nihms131870.pdf Golden, S. H., Brown, A., Cauly, J. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Kim, C., Sosa, J. A., Sumner, A. E. & Anton, B. (2012). Health disparities in endocrine disorders: Biological, clinical and non-clinical factors – An endocrine society scientific statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(9), E1579-E1639. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431576/ Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Turnar, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133. URL: https://drupal.coe.unt.edu/sites/default/files/24/59/Johnson,%20Burke%20Mixed%20Methods%20Research.pdf National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease. (2012). What people with diabetes need to know about osteoporosis. Retrieved from http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/Conditions_Behaviors/diabetes.pdf National Institute of Health. (2006). What People With Diabetes Need to Know About Osteoporosis. Retrieved from http://chfs.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/F75C99AD-D310-4F75-8221-429CC549EA7E/0/NIHDiabetesandOsteoporosis.pdf Welsh, B. J., Redmond, A. C., Chockalingam, N. & Keenan, A. M. (2010). A case-series study to explore the efficacy of foot orthoses in treating first metatarsophalangeal joint pain. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 3(17), 2-9. URL: http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/pdf/1757-1146-3-17.pdf Read More