The Population of the Borough of Newham and Hillingdon - Essay Example

? College: Introduction Borough is an administrative unit which can exists in various s. It designates a township that practices self governing strategy in order to provide basic and other personal needs of individual residence. The needs are compound in nature and include health, education and other crucial necessities that promote development. In this report, there is comparison of relevant health statistics in Borough of Newham and Hillingdon. The specific areas of analysis capture their population, health and diseases, migrants, ethnicity, crime trends, education, housing, environment and finally labor market (Office for National Statistics of London, 2010, p.2). The Population of borough of Newham and Hillingdon The population structure, size and composition are important elements in identifying measure and understanding social exclusion. The total population usually depends on the health status of a given Borough. This also affects the demographic trends and other components that influence population growth. In Newham, the total estimated population by 2010 was 267,426 (Office for National Statistics, 2009, p.6). This was an estimate from the Greater London Authority (GLA) whereas on the other hand population estimate by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), this population was just approximated to be 240,100 people. Considering the GNA data, this estimate in terms of male and female was 131,129 and 136,296 people respectively (Meltzer & Corbin, et al., 2003, p.63). In terms of the age bracket ,the majority of the population aged between a day old to 15 years old constituted of about 73, 104. The table bellow shows the population in the respective ages and gender in Borough of Newham in the year 2010. Female 136,296 Male 131,129 Aged between 0-15 73, 104 Aged 16-29 56,016 Aged 30-44 70,019 Aged 45-62 58,283 65 and over 24,086 There is estimated population growth rate in Newham whereby the expected population by the year 2030 according to the Greater London authority GLA is estimated to be 349, 876. This shows population percentage change of 33.08 %. Hence in assessing the need for the healthcare, there will be demand of more health services to cater for the people. On the other hand, when scrutinizing population of borough of Hillingdon, the Office of National statistics (ONS) had the population estimates in 2010 as 263,527. Hillingdon also had larger population who are younger in age just like Newham. The population of those aged 50 and above is also high while the other age bands are similar to that of Newham. There is a registered population growth rate in the recent previous years which is due to the natural growth factor in the increased birth rate of the population (Office for National Statistics. 2009, p.6). The population of children between the ages of 0-15 years and adult aged 20-39, and the elderly aged 65 and above is expected to increase. However, the population of the middle Adults persons between 40-44 years will decrease gradually in the next five years according to the survey (Office for National Statistics of London, 2010, p.2). The importance of population characteristics as shown helps the state or both the Boroughs to determine need for various crucial services for the born children, maternity care provisions or even providing medical services for the people (Glasshouse Books.2010, p. 48). It is noted that particular groups of population have got high prevalence of certain diseases and any increase or decrease of such population group demands care and treatment of the group in question. This effects the proper planning for the medical provision of both the Boroughs of Newham and Hillingdon. In addition, changes in birth rates, migrations, mortality rate and expansion of education through increased enrolment in colleges and schools and other influences would always impact on requirement of medical services within a given period and therefore it is needful to monitor the trend on the same (Office for National Statistics, 2004, p.2). Ageing, Infant Mortality Rates and Birth Rates The live births in borough of Hillingdon have increased tremendously over the last five years. This represents a significant change in the population figure. The statistics is shown in the table below. This increase is directly proportional to the increase of the health needs of the Hillingdon. This is because each child born needs medication at all the levels until adult age in the life expectancy age bracket. Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 No. of births 3474 3489 3691 3845 4128 However, incases of higher infant mortality rates, it reflects inadequate medical care provided for the population. The infant mortality rate for Hillingdon is on the averagely at 4.2 Deaths in infants is preventable events and the best life saving mechanism is needed to be adopted for the healthy population growth of the people. Some death variations in borough may be due to chance rather than an existing problem. The babies born when weighing 2500 grams or less are more likely to die just in their first year of birth. This is because the weight is more important and is used as an indicator of health and nutritional status of the new born. This indicates that poverty promotes high infant mortality in these boroughs (Meltzer & Corbin, et al., 2003, p.48). On the other hand, the fertility rates which also determine the birth rate of the borough of Newham for the number of live births for 1000 women, is represented as 105.8. While the total fertility rate % in 2009 was reflected to be 2.96 % (Office for National Statistics, 2009, p.3). This as compared to Hillingdon is relatively low and the resolution is that more health provisions are required. The fertility rate comes as a result of provision of prenatal care to the population. The medical services to the pregnant women should just be sufficient in order to save more lives of the unborn children. In addition, comparing the life expectancy, the expectancy of the population of Newham is relatively low. The approximate maximum age of the people is about 65 years old for both male and female. To be more specific, in Hillingdon the expectancy rate is 77.6 for the male population while for the female population it is 82.4 (Jarvis, 2011, p.58). This shows that there is high life expectancy in Hillingdon than in Newham. There discriminating factors including diseases that couse early deaths needs to be curbed. Their Ethnicity When considering the ethnicity of both the populations, it gives the broader characteristics of the boroughs in helping to understand the needs of specific population. First, the ethnic population approximation in Newham estimated in 2009 is reflected as follows according to the data from ONS: the white ethnic category in terms of percentage is about 44. 65 %. This is the highest ethnic group (Office for National Statistics, 2009, p.3). White British ethnic are 38.27 %, white Irish ethnic is about 1.2%, other white ethnic group is 5.18 %, mixed ethnic group is 4.06%, and black African ethnic is 10.7 % (Jarvis, 2011, p.76). This variation and mixed up population calls for different health preferences by the population which the borough of Newham must provide (Office for National Statistics, 1997, p.2). The ethnicity components of borough of Hillingdon according to the GLA report, the ethnic minority is estimated to be 30.2 % of the population of which the Asians are 19.7 % of the minority. Black British is 7 % and Chinese and others comprises of 3.5 % of the minority (Greater London Authority, 2010, p.3). Generally, ethnicity is always linked to health status due to various inequalities and outcomes. The minority groups and blacks have worse health as compared to the general population. In addition, some blacks and minority ethnic (BME) groups are much worse in health conditions than the rest. The pattern vary from a given health condition to another. In addition, the BME groups have poorer socioeconomic status which is the major factor that drives inequalities in health provision to various ethnic groups. For example in Hillingdon, there is higher number of minority ethnic communities in the deprive region on the South of the borough (Ikea, 2004, p.26). Migrants and Asylum In terms of migrants both the boroughs experiences almost the same number of people with slight variation. The people migrated both into and outside the borough depending on their interests. For instance, all migrations that existed in one year alone were 49,000 in Newham. This included both international and internal migration coming in and out of the borough. In comparison with Hillingdon, their net migration into the borough is expected to change. It decreases with time from more migration in 2010 to a projected less number in the year 2018 (Health needs assessment, 2010, p.1). Health of the Population Health generally is threatened by the presents of circulatory diseases and cancer in Hillingdon. The dangerous disease is circulatory disease then cancer which majorly cause death in both male and female. There are other recorded deaths due to respiratory and digestive systems in Hillingdon. However, the major courses of death in Newham are Common Mental Health Disorders. There are also generalized anxiety, depressive disorder, and phobias. These are some of the diseases that disturb the population of Newham. In addition, mortality is resulting from circulatory diseases and cancer. According to the research done in 2006, Newham had diseases that affected the population most of the times. In addition, there are a proportion of population that suffer from both circulatory and cancer diseases in both the boroughs (Health needs assessment, 2010, p.2). The local factors affecting the health of the people are on the ethnicity which is due to socioeconomic differences of various ethnic groups, geographical areas in the borough results to environmental differences which results in various diseases. Further more, healthcare needs also vary depending on the age. The elderly people and younger population require different healthcare needs. For instance, on management of chronic disease is higher in the elderly population than in the younger population (Harvey, 2010, p.2). The health services currently being provided in borough of Newham is by the primary Care Trust (PCT) which provides clinical psychology, counseling for the mental cases, dentistry, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy as well as offering specialized community nursing services. Some other health needs in Hillingdon includes treatment of non communicable diseases which is one of the prevalent infections. Cardiovascular disease affects the population and measures needs to be taken. People need to be educated on the nutritional food intake as obesity is one of the prevalent diseases. People with mental health conditions should be provided with proper healthcare plans (University of Birmingham, 2010, p.3). The National and Local Priorities for Health The priorities for the healthcare in both the borough is to provide primary and community health services. Commissioning of most primary and secondary health care in the community is prioritized in the borough. The services cater for the children, learning disabilities, family planning needs and sexual health. The provision is in hospitals and homes. In the priority, the borough is to provide high quality health services that meet all needs of local people. This is through their modernization plans of health services (Green, H, Meltzer, H. et al. 2005, p.47). The Health Needs Assessments (HNA) The HNA aims and objectives are to identify all the unmet healthcare needs in both the borough of Hillingdon and Newham. This provides information for improved planning, prioritizing the healthcare needs and policy development that will enable improvement of the healthcare services to the different populations (Glasshouse Books, 2010, p. 4) This finally helps the people to access better health care services and reduce both mortality rate diseases generally (Dillon, 2007, p. 26). The Project Team The team for this project involves Stakeholders, senior policy managers in the administration system of borough. Furthermore, the skilled personnel of the health department need to be involved in the project so that implementation process could be easier with time. The resources that I would require for the assessment includes the specific health information and books that provide records on the health conditions of the people of the borough which is already discussed as reflected in the demographic trends of the population which is stated in the initial discussions (Fox & Hawton, 2004, p.87). The available data for the population is on the various needs of the population in the discussed topics under the health issue, mortality rates, ethnicity inequality, migration trends and what causes the migration process in the borough (London Boroughs' Management Services Unit, 1972, p. 32). There are also the national and local health priorities as supported by various policies. The other source is internet information that gives the data on the health conditions of the population. However, there are challenges that could be encountered in setting up the project includes the provision of the timely accurate information of the population that reflects really their health needs. These problems can be overcome through verification of information from various sources to ensure that there is valid and resourceful outcome from the assessment that will help the population of the people from the borough to get better and specific health needs (Cohen & Casp, 2003, p.42). Areas of improvement on the proposed Projects Life expectancy: As observed previously, the life expectancy level in Newham is 65 years of age while that of Hillingdon, is on the higher side of about 77 years of age (The Independent (London), 2001, p.2). The variation in the life expectancy could be reduced if more health services are provided to the people of Newham. People in this borough die may be as a result of lacking good nutrition which may lead to infection with the opportunistic diseases causing their early death (London Boroughs' Management Services Unit., 1972, p.2). Migrants: Solving out the health risks that the migration trends can course is by designing a mechanism with the involvement of the administration to enhance health check ups before one is allowed in the borough. Both international migrants and internal migrants are subjected to health checks and treated appropriately before joining the borough population in order to reduce the health risks of the local population (Dillon, 2007, p.56). Diseases: In both the boroughs, they had some common diseases such as circulatory diseases and cancer problems. The assessment needs on these conditions is based on the diagnosis of the diseases whereby the governing authority of the borough gets modern machines for cancer screening and therapy (Lippincott, 2010, p. 39). This may reduce the mortality rates of the population. Ethnicity: the various ethnic groups are facilitating variations in the socioeconomic status of the population. There should be provision of necessary needs for the part of the population that cannot afford the services. This will bring health facilities and treatment to the people hence. Finally, other general improvements for the people of the borough of Newham and Hillingdon could involve provision of subsidized drugs for the local people who could not afford them and to develop policies that makes it compulsory to seek medical attention in these boroughs. References List Cohen, J. & Casp, A., 2003. Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder. Archives of general psychiatry. New York, NY: Wiley Publishers. Dillon, M., 2007. Nursing Health Assessment: Clinical Pocket Guide, ( 2nd Ed.). Boston:F. A. Davis Company Publishers. Fox, C. & Hawton, K., 2004. Deliberate self-harm in adolescence. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Glasshouse Books, 2010. “33 East” London 33 Boroughs Shorts. London. Glasshouse books Publishers. Greater London Authority. 2010. Overview Population of 2009. Green, H, Meltzer, H. et al. 2005. Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain 2004. London: Palgrave publishers.  Harvey. D., 2010. London’s boroughs. 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