Finance & Accounting Essays

Therefore, it follows that the most amounts resulted to in the tax worksheet were wrong. First, he did not mention the Company’s name. This simply means that we don’t know which company he was preparing the financial statements for.

The investment fund provides continuous support to the maritime and logistics field and continued facilitation will aid the further growth of the industry. The company needs to engage more clients and ensure that insurance aspects are stringent especially those providing for routes that engage fears of piracy.

Bank holding company act includes ownership of 25% and voting of 5%. Tax-exempt investors which includes borrowing to an investment fund, providing service in lieu of fees, investment is done through entities. The regulatory issues faced by Morgan Leis in funding to the logistics companies are public disclosure, the patriot act, and the privacy act. Morgan Lewis is considered to be one of the largest private equity fund investors.

The bottom line is that materiality is basic when it comes to all matters regarding auditing. It is also important to appreciate the fact that materiality helps the auditor to get accurate results. If this were never the case, then the whole auditing process would be both a waste of time and resources in general. Therefore, all auditors need to pay special attention to materiality.

A favorable balance of payment leads to the flow of currency in the country as compared to the flow of currency outside the country. And the unequal or the disequilibrium results in the expansion of the supply of money in the economy and consequently decreases the exchange rate that is relative to the currencies of other countries or nations.

Over the years, experts have observed how opportunistic alteration of accounting policies have been done in areas of contract and political costs and how these opportunistic policy changes have been effected to favor either the management or the organization as a whole.

A letter of credit is a type of assurance given to the seller that he will surely get the remuneration for the goods that he has delivered. It means that the bank on behalf of its customer provides the person, with which the customer has made some dealing, with the letter that makes it certain to him that he will be given the cash for the goods. 

Because the shareholder value created in a company is difficult to calculate on the basis of any single component, therefore, the calculation of shareholder value is done by breaking down the components of the value creation into several categories which are known as value drivers (Weston and Weaver, 2007).

The capital gearing of a company can be assessed from its debt ratio. Higher debt ratio indicates high gearing capital structure and vice versa. In the case of John Lewis, the debt ratio calculated in the annexure shows 55.83% in 2008 and 57.36% in 2009. As the debt ratio in both years is more than 50%, it suggests a high geared capital structure of the company.

The research analyses trends in AML control through technology in banks in the UK using empirical and scientific methods. It can give the management and IT professionals of the bank insight into how effectively their technology is performing in practice. It will also lay the foundation for future research into the effectiveness of technology in banks. This is because information about the findings is not readily available on the market.

It is imperative to understand how financial institutions serve as intermediaries. Individuals deposit funds at commercial banks, purchase mutual funds or insurance premiums and contribute to pension plans and the financial institutions then channel these funds towards the borrowers. 

The discussion begins with a short introduction to the Great Depression of 1929 with the intention of analyzing the possible causes and theories behind the event. The introduction chapter continues to point out different theories with the intention of comparing the two financial crises. The main thesis is presented and this is followed by the other research questions explored in the paper. 

Many critics have attributed to FAS 157 the weakening of financial firms. These institutions were required by the new regulations to raise capital in order to offset financial losses at the first sign of asset value declines – the Agence France-Presse called it a “death spiral” – in the event of tightening liquidity due to scarcity of cash.

The sharp fall in the stock market prices on September 15, 2008 reminded one of the 1987 and 1974 crises which may tempt investors to pick up low-priced stocks, but fund managers and investment analysts advise caution because of high risks. Instead, they have recommended US government Treasury bills.

Tax is the lifeblood of the country.” Stipulated by Baron Bedesky (2008, pp. 4-5), taxes are the tools used by the government in order to provide public services to its constituents, who were the primary sources of taxes themselves. In the process of taxation, hence, popular participation is essential.

Much of the study of investments, as a field, is centered on corporate portfolio analysis and management.  Many of the more recent and sophisticated financial instruments were designed with the returns enhancement and risk mitigation of business organizations in general, and financial institutions in particular. 

The Internal revenue Service of the United States of America, the Treasury Department has various codes to deal with different tax-paying options and requirements. Section 482 of the IRS code specifies the legalities and other modalities to be followed so that there is no evasion of tax payment by the controlled taxpayers.

In short term, the partnerships can fulfill their needs through taking bank loans and other short term sources of finances, however, since these organizations do not have shareholders, therefore, they cannot raise share capital and their sources of long term finances is the capital shared by the partners of the company.

The paper "Complexities in Global Financial Crisis" is a perfect example of a finance and accounting coursework. Globally, most countries have faced a financial crisis which may lead to social polarization and a resurgence of populism in the coming few decades. Different economies take different time periods in the recovery after a crisis.

The paper 'What Fixed and Floating Exchange Rates Are' is a great example of a Finance and Accounting Case Study. An exchange rate refers to the amount of one currency that would have to be paid to receive one unit of another currency. International transactions involving the exchange of goods, assets, or services require the exchange of currencies. 

In recent years, we have witnessed extraordinary entrepreneurial investments have been done in the private equity funds. In this regard, venture capital partnerships have played a significant role and have made this industry grow, In order to validate their claim, Kaplan and Schoar analyzed the history of venture capital partnerships.

The paper "Foreign Exchange Market, Theory of Purchasing Power Parity " is a good example of finance and accounting assignment. A: In America, the direct quote is typically used in the spot currency market. The value of the American dollar is stated as a single unit of measurement, which is used to compare the value of another foreign currency.

The paper "Indian Monetary Policy and Eurozone Crisis " is a great example of a finance and accounting case study. The subject matter of this paper is the definition of monetary policy and the 2011/2012 direction of the policy in India. To be explicit in addressing this subject, it is necessary to start by defining monetary policy then proceed to reflect on the historical and modern concept of monetary policy.

The paper "Financial Accounting at ExxonMobil Corporation " is a perfect example of a finance and accounting case study. ExxonMobil Corporation is the United States of America-based multinational firm that engages in the exploration, distribution, and marketing of both oil and gas-related products. It is headquartered in Irving, Texas.

The paper 'Fixed and Floating Exchange Rates" is an outstanding example of a finance and accounting coursework. The question of whether a country should decide on adopting a flexible or fixed exchange rate is one of the major policy concerns of any economy. Many countries have either encountered a crisis that interrupted their growth because they made a wrong choice or because of misguided decisions, others have not experienced growth.

The paper "Reserve Bank of Australia - Effects on Australian Government" is a great example of a finance and accounting coursework. The ruthless expenditure cuts being initiated by European governments with a view to tackling their problems in debts have led the region into recession and also the rise in health problems and suicides.

The motto ‘buy low – sell high’ is a standard in the industry but the opposite often becomes the rallying cry as investors panic in a crisis and sell low while seeing stocks on the upswing, buy high.  This is, of course, a very broad introduction to a much more complex subject, but in order to understand behavioral finance, one has to understand human psychological responses and emotions that are involved in these decisions.

The paper 'Qatar Central Bank Role' is a great example of a Financing and Accounting Case Study. The Central Bank is an institution that is predominantly responsible for the currency issuance and printing, control of the currency through limiting the money supply in a particular country. On the other hand, it does this by setting the standards for interest rates in these financial institutions. 

The paper "Australian Income Tax System " is an outstanding example of finance and accounting coursework. The primary purpose of income taxation is to raise revenue for the governments. The criteria of equity, simplicity, efficiency and neutrality are the traditional criteria used to evaluate how effectively a tax system carries out its purpose of raising revenue.

The paper "Australian Hedge Accounting" is a good example of a finance and accounting case study. Business organizations operating in both domestic and international markets often utilize hedge accounting in order to minimize or eliminate business risk brought about by the changes in foreign exchange rates. However, in Australia business organizations are supposed to meet some conditions in order to apply the hedge accounting.

The paper "CDO’s Current Practice and Controversies" is a great example of finance and accounting coursework. Credit derivative financing has become a global phenomenon as it allows the occurrence of financial transactions in which the value of a transaction lies in the risk likelihood based on the mortgage of bonds, financial certificates or another financial asset.

The paper "Collateralized Debt Obligation " is a perfect example of a finance and accounting coursework. Collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is security supported by an expanded pool of debt mechanisms which are fixed together the base being the underlying credit risks of every constituent of the debt.

The pension programs for the Civil War veterans were the first social security policies formulated in the United States. At the initial stage of this program, permanently disabled soldiers and widows of soldiers were given the benefits of social security policies. The most noted disadvantage of this program is that it had not designed any provisions for the Confederate side veterans and families.

One of the main lessons taught by the recent financial crisis is the failures of regulators and other institutions responsible for supervising the financial system. This recession revealed a lack of regulations also for the banking system and a lack of appropriate measures to keep the system sound and well functioning.

The approach of inflation targeting ensures an elevated level of transparency and precision and the monetary authorities frequently communicate not only with the government but also with the common public. The exercise of inflation targeting had helped stabilize the scenario of many countries and the United Kingdom is one of them.

Rather than choosing to tackle the issue and provide a firm and recognizable response to the situation so that it can be effectively handled over a period of many years, the electorate has much more pressing demands that are oftentimes concentric upon keeping the entitlements that are currently guaranteed incoming.

The most Influenced persons are the employers who buy or lease cars that are made available to their employees for business and private use. Also, employers who provide fuel for private use to company car drivers as a benefit of their compensation and additional services will be affected by this taxation. 

The financial crisis began to show up as the financial bubble burst, as the creditors began to pool out their financial resources from the domestic financial markets of emerging countries. Eventually, the short-term foreign liabilities went beyond the short-term foreign asset reserves of the affected countries.

The paper "Market Reaction to the Crisis" is a perfect example of finance and accounting coursework. In 2008, the world experienced one of the worst financial and economic crises since the occurrence of the great depression in the 1930s. The crunch had many negative economic and financial impacts on almost all sectors of the world economy.

Budgets are an essential control tool in today’s environment, they give control with respect to overspending and are a guideline for the departments with respect to the course of action that they need to follow hence they should not be replaced because any replacement might not be as valuable as the budgeting process is.

Huge losses by the banks and investment houses have led to a panic and fear in the US that recession is on the horizon. With the US being the biggest and most powerful economy of the world, the fear of a slowdown in the US economy has led to fears of a global slowdown and worldwide recession.

The decision that the government makes with the taxpayer's money affects everyone in a community. The money that is collected is supposed to be distributed for a wide array of uses. The public, in general, is against governmental initiatives that provide help to corporate America at the expense of spending on programs for regular citizens.  

The era during the de-regulation also allowed non-banking institutions to start conducting activities that exclusively fell into the ambit of the banking sector in the past. Due to this gradual encroachment of non-banking institutions, banks also started to lose their efficiency due to competitive pressures.

In past times of crisis, foreign cash entered Swiss banks.  The same is happening now — confirming the belief that Switzerland is one of the best places in the world to safeguard cash and assets.  However, globalization is spreading to all spheres of life, and bank standards sooner or later will be unified around the globe. 

An accounting conceptual framework is a system of fundamentals and objectives that are inter-related and lead to the adherence of consistent standards relating to the preparation of financial statements. Simply put, a conceptual framework comprises inter-related concepts that state the purpose, nature, and content of financial reporting.

The acquirer can cash on the market reputation of the acquiring firm. Moreover, the company can establish itself as a market leader and negotiate better terms with the suppliers. With the rise in sales, the company can raise the production levels thereby enjoying better economies of scale. On account of bulk purchase of materials the company can ask for higher discounts. 

The Tesco company also gives a higher interest in digital marketing activities through its subsidiary, Tesco.com. Today, the company is operating in 13 markets outside the UK namely: the US, Ireland, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Turkey, India, China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia.

This document contains details of activities of a company during the preceding financial year and also a report of the chief executive authority of the company regarding the achievements and failure during the preceding year and a forecast of activities that the company intends to embark upon in the next fiscal year. The Annual Report is basically a comprehensive communication by the company to its genuine owners – the shareholders.

With the small amount required its production, even at a profit of $2.5 per liter does not appear economically feasible as it will only result in a profit of $2.5 as 304 = $760. It may cost Guillermo much more than $760 to produce the item and in such an event he may consider buying the product since it adds the same value as the one he produces.

There have been various factors that have been responsible for the crises and the causal factors need to be identified before mechanisms are adopted that can manage the situations. A track record should be kept so that similar incidences are not replayed in a given economy. However, this has not always been the case.