Finance & Accounting Essays

Gamble (2012) stated “As hospitals continue to merge and affiliate, it presents a real concern whether independent hospitals can sustain their model and survive. Hospitals are merging or being bought and sold at a rate that continues to grow, driven by declining reimbursement, tight credit and the pursuit for more leverage with payors.” Under this scenario, it is important to understand the key financial drivers that cause health care organizations to merge, evaluate their financial performance and review the determinants of financial results of the merged entities with a view to improve the financial planning process in the post-merger phase.

Similarly, managements have taken strategies to ensure accountability in the use of funds in order to create a strong positive relationship with the shareholders. One of practice that firms use to ensure reliable financial information is auditing. Auditing entails a systematic examination of records, financial performance, and statements.

The business prospects of J Sainsbury plc evidence how the enterprise dominates the UK consumer market since it is the second largest chain store in the country. The UK market e environment is a composite of both internal and external factors, which impose challenges to the entire business’ operations.

2. Tax authorities Tax authorities want to determine the extent to which filed tax returns are credible (Webster, 2004). 3. Creditors Creditors want to determine an organization’s credit worthiness. They give credit according to their customer’s level of financial health.

3. a. Sales are projected to increase in coming years. 4. c. priced correctly 5. d. Company X has higher leverage than Company Y. 6. a. $129 7. a. 0.2 8. a. $ 416.25 9. b. 5.00% 10. a. 9.49% 11. c. 13.36% Problems 1. a. How and when should K2 account for their warranty?

Mainly, the problem lies in the fact that several death row defendants have lately been revealed to be blameless of their convicted crime. Such faults have to stop for the rule of law to exist. For instance Since 1987, 13 of 24 death row inmates in Illinois have been proven blameless by autonomous investigation and speedily released from prison (Kury, et al, 2003).

As per the Income Statement and the Balance Sheet, the company seems to be a very good profitable organisation but a mere look upon these two financial statements do not give a decisive position about a company’s performance, hence proper analysis needs to be done.

Name of the Student Name of the Instructor Subject Date Mumbai’s Dabawalah’s- A World Class Service Introduction The evolution of systems and structures as well as a pattern of managing them is nothing short of a modern miracle of organization. Man has emerged from being a cave dweller and a hunter-gatherer to an owner and manager of the modern conglomerate, international enterprises of repute and distinction that are world renowned and household names in many countries all over the world.

Dark energy is not directly observed, but rather inferred from observations of gravitational interactions between astronomical objects, along with dark matter. Dark matter must exist to account for the gravity that holds galaxies together. Dark matter is also responsible for amplifying small fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background back in the early universe to create the large scale structure we observe in the universe today.

l and P/E approach. Industry and Fundamental Analysis Economic Analysis After the financial crisis of 2008, with recovering economy, the stock market is expected to grow in coming years with recovering economy (Neate, 2011). Moreover, some experts believe that UK stock market is still undervalued (Boyce, 2011).

The accounting profession is guided by the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The four basic financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flow. Public companies release quarterly financial statements and yearly financial statements within the content of the annual report.

The resigning CFO had been serving the company for five years and his services to the company are highly appreciated. He was a part of the company during the company’s major successes and his contributions to the achievements of the company would always be appreciated.

The study was guided by the theoretical framework defined under the Technology Acceptance Model and the Innovation Diffusion Theory. TAM incorporated perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, and usage behaviour (Khosrow-Pour, 2006).

Founded by Congress, the Federal Reserve was created to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary system. The structure of the Federal Reserve itself was designed to give a broad outlook on the economy and economic matters, and bring some stability to a currency.

Sometimes anticipatory buying of the foreign currency drives the market. Anticipation can destabilise Foreign Exchange Markets. This is because the participants tend exchange their national currency more or less depending on the expected exchange rates.

The Modigliani – Miller theorem or proposition is regarded as a key element in the development of today’s corporate finance. The bottom line of the Modigliani and Miller theorem is the proposition of irrelevance which argue that the value of a firm is not affected by the type of financial choices preferred by that firm.

The Solyndra Solar was bailout to promote the alternative energy sources, but faced a stiff competition from the cheap solar panels from China. The Solyndra was one of the investments under the energy loan program in united state and was aimed to introduce essential financing into the green energy sector.

Connectively, revenue of thirty five million pounds was obtained from international production and another seven million pounds from investments (ITV, 2012). However, despite having a positive growth, the company has also been faced with some challenges.

The company’s current position in its existing markets is threatened by the strong competition and the company’s position is worsening particularly related to its automotive business segment. As the company’s CEO, it is time to make certain strategic and financial decisions which could help the company to revive its position to regain its position in the market and generate healthy returns from its businesses.

The model perceives systematic risk as the only risk which rational investors price because the risk cannot be eradicated by diversification (Sharpe 1964, p.425: Linter 1965, p.13). The CAPM states that a security’s or a portfolio’s expected return is equivalent to the rate on a risk-free security added to a risk premium then multiplied by the systematic risk of an asset.

With reference to work conducted on corporate governance, t corporate ethics is involved with the approaches taken up by entities that supply investment to corporations in a bid to ensure they accrue an optimal return from investment (Shleifer and Vishny 2007).

In this case, the population mean (?) is often equal to the sampling distribution mean, and the standard error of such sampling distribution (?x) can be determined using the population standard deviation (?), the sample size and the population size. Using mathematical equation, the equations below serve to indicate the mathematical relation between the population mean and the sampling distribution, and the relation between the sample distribution, the population standard deviation, the populationa dn the sample size as shown ?

In order to discuss the link between the financial system and the real economy, the paper will first discuss the structure and role of the financial system and then later the link between the two. The real economy consists of households, firms, and other agencies involved in the production of goods and services.

The research delves into tax effects on international business. Some corporations engage in tax reduction schemes in international trading. Evidently, the United State's corporate tax rates materially affect both local and international business transactions. The taxes are used to maintain an environment that is conducive.

Classical firms continue to have significant problems with respect to competition despite the fact that they may be commanding high market share. As a result, such firms need to establish an evaluation and analysis into its performance in order to ascertain whether they can continue to survive or grow within the contemporary business environment. 

The immediate impact will be requirement of alternate or new currencies which will be followed by departing countries to devalue their liabilities and assets. Not to mention the huge quantum of sovereign debt that member countries owe, the magnitude of austerity measures will be enormous (Atrissi and Mezher, 2010, pp.1-5).

So passionate is Mr. R that he is eager to teach and introduce those willing to join his profession. Additionally, he also has available job openings for those interested. His first job in accounting was in Ney York where he worked as a fleet manager for about five to six years.

Corporate social responsibility normally referred to as CSR covers the corporate citizenship, corporate conscience, the social performance and business sustainable development. CRS is a corporate self-regulation form that is mostly integrated in the models of most business.

The assessment of financial and operational performance of an organization can be accomplished through the use of ratio analysis. This is achieved by evaluating the relationship of different figures generated from the company’s financial statements. A number of performance indicators are derived from these figures.

The FEE Paper Comparison International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) Code of Ethics that says “An individual’s objectivity must be beyond question when conducting and reporting on a statutory Audit.” This is applicable when auditors themselves act as statutory auditor, or when they are auditing on behalf of an auditing firm.

Apart from setting the objectives, the research report evaluates each objective. The objectives are numerous in number and each objective shares a direct or indirect cause and effect relationship with the other objectives. For a better visualisation of the objectives`, balances score card is used.

The financial appraisal of TR Limited can be undertaken by calculating the relevant financial ratios of the company and comparing it with the prior year in order to monitor growth or decline in the ratios. The financial ratio analysis provides the most effective result when it is compared with the benchmark ratios of the industry, but in the absence of the missing information, the ratios of the current year are compared with the ratios of the prior year.

It has expanded its quality control system and production capacity through its continuous growth. AFAQ has assured quality certification to Cogitel after the company’s launch of its first upgrade system. During all these advancements, Cogitel, however, incurred a loss that affected its relationship with the country Algeria.

For instance, the customer response has been tremendous in the years in which the business has existed. The renewal rate of customers has been evidence of the satisfaction level of the clients. Also, the owners of the business highlight that the business has been successful and produces a net income of $50,000 annually with a nominal amount of effort.

It is also used by the investors in their decision making process, related to purchase or sell of the securities. The auditors guide the investors and owners in their decision making process. The effective utilization of financial statements requires understanding of the functions of auditors as well.

A perfect example of an emerging market, Egypt’s economy was injured by the crisis, especially considering that the nation was in the midst of successful reforms since 1991 that had seen GDP grow by 7.2% in the fiscal year 2007/8 (Altintzis 1). The success of the reforms towards a market-oriented economy cannot be understated especially since they were carried out in the midst of structural challenges such as soaring budget deficits and occasional inflations that constrained the quality of labor.

Finance is a major factor in the economic development of any entity. Over 400,000 personnel in the state of Texas are employed by its significant financial sector. For the last five years, the Lone Star State has had has more finance and insurance jobs than the states of California, Illinois, Florida, and Georgia.

Family limited partnership is used as an efficient strategy of minimizing estate tax since it enables transfer of share across generations more easily and at lower rates of taxation as it would have been with partnership holdings. FLP should not be confused with conventional trust because members actually own shares to the business.

..…….………4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...…….………7 References……………………………………………………………………………..……..8 Introduction One of the issues commonly discussed in most boardrooms is the need to cut costs.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 2 Assumptions of marginal costing 3 Uses of marginal costing in short term decision making 3 Types of costing methods 4 Marginal costing absorption method 5 Advantages of Marginal Costing over Absorption Costing 6 Recommendation 7 Conclusion 7 Costing is one of the managerial accounting functions which needs a careful selection and evaluation of the effectiveness of every technique used by a firm.

Management of number and the role of International Financial Reporting Standards Many organizations are beleaguered by entropy, carrying the prevailing information of the company’s useful reports. Often, managers as well as senior personnel within an organization may lack skills and knowledge to handle and keep the company data and that why the aspect of managing numbers comes at hand.

According to Henderson (2008), the justification for this trend is that fair accounting system seems to be offering better relevancy and reliability of the information contained in the financial reports. Moreover, it is apparent that up-to-date information has the capacity to improve investors’ ability to make informed pronouncements regarding the business performance.

A short position in calls Selling a call on the stock offers some limited protection against modest price declines; however one would still incur losses if the prices were to fall by a large amount. This is because the potential profits for the call writer are opposite to those of the call holder.

The newspapers segment has reported negative growth during the period while the circulations of magazines have increased compared to the year 2005. Overall the revenue of News Corp was increasing but profits were decreasing since 2006 and the introduction of the paywall strategy in 2010 did not provide the rebound expected

On top of the increasing number of unnecessary deaths caused by traffic collision, inattention or disturbances that could affect the driver’s concentration while driving often leads to physical or mental injuries to themselves or other people around them (Johns, 2007).

I am the type of person who does not fear change because I always consider the positive side of it and the countless opportunities that it brings to me. I do not deny the fact that there are moments in which I feel weak and almost break down, but the good thing about me is that I persevere and never stop believing in my self in spite of all the complications and difficulties.

Usually, the observations are taken at equal time intervals. If there is a single variable being observed then it is known as a univariate time series. The main speculation behind any time series is that at least some of the patterns observed in the past would continue in the future (Ramasubramanian, n.d.).

A style that enhances the wearer and does not isolate. By the time of graduation, in1999 BLAAK had sold internationally to Maria Luisa in Paris and Barneys New York but to name a few (Uhlenbruck, Meyer &Hitt, 2003). The founder’s philosophy ‘BLAAK’ generated from the colour Black with the idea of developing a brand that is unique and is new in style as well as it is believable with the emphasis not to isolate the wearer.

For this expansion setting up new plant is essential for Flight high ventures plc to increase the capacity. The inception of new plant will require initial outlay of ?4m. Along with this, research and development department is taking another project of product development with two options A and B.

This technology emerged in the late 1960s and then the midrange computers were known as minicomputers. Noted midrange computer ranges were produced by IBM, HP, Sun Microsystems, etc. The 1980s have witnessed fierce competition between INM and Digital Equipment in this segment.