Finance & Accounting Essays

After making loss of $40,000 in the fiscal year that ended on 31 March 2011, the business entity was able to record improvement profitability within the fiscal year ending 31 March 2012. From the projections and forecasts of sales and profitability, there is evidence that the firm is likely to pay more tax of either 40% or 50%.

To achieve this they must follow the laid down guidelines and practices in financial management. A review of the 2010 budget projection is completed and analysed in regards to the suggestion put forth. Effective financial management practices for Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Annual budgeting One of the commendable financial management practices is annual budgeting that can be seen through the trend in the Hospitals annual budgets from 2007.

These principles are observable in any given business situation. The company chosen to demonstrate these principles in action is B.P. BP is a public limited company that provides a variety of energy-related goods and services. As an international leader in oil and gas exploration and provision, BP’s business practices offer great insight into successfully utilizing the principles of finance.

ii) The inputs thus provided has to be for the full life term of the financial instruments which are considered above. iii) Any financial instruments not discussed above has to be valued under a similar input valuation techniques based on the given market data.

port, 2011 p.1) Vision It is the "vision of transforming Citi into the world's digital bank" as described by Vikram Pandit, the CEO of the company (Annual Report, 2011, p.12). Major Stakeholders Citi's major stakeholders are institutions and mutual funds that own 63% of the company’s holding and their numbers account for 1004 (Yahoo, 2012).

The paper attempts to explore why it has become so necessary for public sector organisations to embrace sustainability accounting and reporting to their stakeholders; the difficulties faced by them towards its implementation and how the process of reporting in public sectors has progressed so far in last few years.

These sections are set to administer the performances of professional services by the certified public accountants (CPAs) and other members. The members include individuals in public practice, industries, parastatals and in education during the execution of their professional responsibilities.

The company was formed in 1976 with an intention of manufacturing computers but it later changed its focus to include the manufacturing of consumer electronics. The company’s best known hardware include, mac computers, iPods, iPhones, and iPads. These electronic gadgets are operated using OS X and iOS operating systems.

Introduction The development of economies of countries worldwide is primarily depended on their potentials to promote their currency in regard to global trade transactions. US Dollar is used for measuring the value of petroleum and gold, goods that are of primarily importance for global economy.

Real options are different from other convectional financial options such as call and put options since they are not typically traded as securities in stock futures market. Corporate decisions today can only be made when a set of alternative strategies on investments are obtained.

Yield Curve and Bond Valuation. Based on the information retrieved from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on a 1-month business day, the following information concerning historical dairy interest rates on the U.S treasury was obtained. The rates were picked from the current dates (1st January2012) back to five years a go (1st January 2007).

The author provides the modern portfolio theory which was developed and introduced by Harry Markowitz in the year 1952. The objective of this theory is to maximize the expected return of a portfolio for a certain level of portfolio risk. It attempts to minimize the level of risk associated with a certain level of expected return.

24). Unfortunately though, it has not been always that forecasts have been inconsistencies between actual outcomes and overall results. When such consistent differences occur, we say there has been forecast bias (Dechow, Kothari and Watts 1998, p. 53). Indeed, studies on forecast bias have been so interesting that researchers are constantly trying to come to terms with what may be the reason why such biases take place and the factors influencing their occurrences.

The economic growth of this nation, that has initially been fed by the presence of large oil and natural gas reserves, has been growing consistently during recent years especially in light of the major improvements on an administrative, financial and industrial basis.

Budgeting. The management of a company’s finances is an important element to any corporation as it hinges on the potential of success and failure of a business. The best way of ensuring that this management is done appropriately is through the process of budgeting (Obstfeld, 2008).

Therefore, ethics is seen as a cornerstone in the accounting profession and failure to be ethical in their transactions, decisions and any activity accountants are involved in might result into the ultimate collapse of a company. Ethics in the accounting profession requires that there is integrity, honesty, truthfulness.

Name: Institution: Professor: Date: Case Analysis: Victoria Chemicals plc-Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects Introduction This case is about two mutually exclusive projects-the Merseyside and Rotterdam projects. The case requires the measurement of the attractiveness of each of the two projects based on their investments before the proposal is presented to the Chief Executive Officer.

But it is not happening and now people are so used to the concept of accounting irregularities that they do not care about them and therefore the stock prices just got immune to the historical effects of accounting and financial reporting blunders. The whole discussion signifies that people have accepted the presence of accounting frauds as a fundamental truth, due to this reason; they do not bother about them much.

The company has exceled in providing the customers the fuel for their daily livelihood and transportation, lubricants for the engines and petrochemical products to be used for various purposes like packaging, clothing and paints and energy for light and heat.

Drabinsky and Gottileb operated a kickback scheme from 1990 to 1994. In the kickback scheme two Livent vendors are appointed who helped Drabinsky and Gottileb, siphon millions of dollars from the company directly into their own pockets. This is an illegal activity since both Drabinsky and Gottileb are the major shareholders of the company, but their rights for the share comes after clearing the dues of the other shareholders.

and Verizon Communications respectively. The telecom giants have made huge profit by offering different products and services to the customers and have satisfied their needs (Holton and Carew, 2013). In the past 10 years they have gone through a number of agreements one of which includes the joint venture between the two giants.

Accounting Theory Introduction Social and environmental reporting is also known as corporate social responsibility reporting (CSER) (Deegan, 2007). According to UNEP (2002) corporate social responsibility reporting can also be defined as an environmental management strategy applied by companies to communicate with their stakeholders about what the company is doing with regard to sustaining a good environment alongside its operations.

He considered the performance of Google before it rolled out its shares to the public. Bradley and Bradley (2012) observe that the company made a profit of over two hundred thousand dollars in 1999, and one billion dollars in 2003. Bradley and Bradley (2012) further observe that these are very high profits, and therefore the value of the company must be high.

It is very true of the latest high trends, as per Reuters (2013, October 4), it is forcing disinterested companies to adopt “poison pill”, applied to put on hold undesired takeover -- the shareholder right plan in case an investor buys out more than 10% shares.

However, the modern day corporations are characterised by the separation of management and ownership. The decision making power and the control of the firm remains with the management, whereas the stockholders are expected to be benefitted by the decision taken by the managers.

In this context, the Sarbanes-Oxley act was implemented in the US that aimed at bringing back public faith in financial reports. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act made it mandatory for the auditor to be replaced after every five years in the US. The European Commission, however, did not mandate a compulsory auditor rotation, and recommended in its proposal implementation of audit firm rotation and change of audit firms every six to nine years (European Commission, 2010).2 Globally, mixed approaches have been adopted as regard MAR, and in many countries such as the UK, audit partner rotation is given preference over firm rotation, while the regulators in Germany, the US and the UK have derived that pote

11). When the process involves current employees, it may also be referred to as internal recruitment or employee offering. The process of recruitment is made up of progressive stages that move from analyzing what is required in a job; development of the characteristics of the potential candidates; publication of the vacancy; establishing a match between potential candidates and the job requirements to be met; managing the procedures of application and selection; and finally appointing the successful applicants (Schultz 2010, p.

Effectiveness of the Transmission of Monetary Policies and Lessons Learned in 2007 and 2008 Global Financial Crisis The global financial crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2008 has resulted in various heated discussions among financial analysts regarding the role of monetary policy amidst various central banks in the world (Krugman, 2009).

The global financial crisis rapidly resulted in the failure of world stock markets and subsequently the collapse large financial institutions. Countries with economic insecurity were largely affected since they could not effectively initiate various monetary tools.

The text “The Agency Problem” gives a great example of the agency problem by comparing it to the relationship between our country’s president and its citizens. In this case, the citizens are the principle and the president is the agent because the objectives and policies that the president pursues will ultimately effect the citizens of the country.

The requirements of each profession are usually clearly defined in the laws regulating the relevant sector. In accounting, a similar practice has been used. Accounting profession, like all professions, is based on a series of ethical rules and standards set both by the law and the national organization related to the specific field (Solita and Fajardo 2008, p.2).

The reason why the two companies were chosen for comparison is because they are the market leaders or giants in their respective home regions, whereby they have diversified range of products, as well as having intense global expansion. Both companies have substantially expanded beyond their mother countries’ borders are very big brands worldwide (MacLaurin, 2002, p.72).

The system of government today is a republic with a multiparty political system and periodical democratic elections. The country’s official language is Portuguese. Brazil is the largest country in Latin America with over 80% of the population been urban.

As a result, it is useful to cultivate many techniques in communication. Communication is highly psychological in nature due to the fact it requires being able to read a person as well as assess the condition in regards to the responses that they respond.

Majority of the African-Americans that are now in the United States are descendants from slaves who were either kidnapped or sold to foreigners or were captured as prisoners of war by Europeans and Americans during the early part of the 17th Century. According to Gomez (1998), the first African-Americans came to the country in 1619 when they were brought to Jamestown, Virginia as slaves to the English settlers.

How to Get More Young People in the UK Involved in Politics? Dear Sir I have been reading your newspaper for quite some time and am highly impressed by the coverage of news and the analysis of current topics which are of interest to our generation. With this letter, I would like to share with the fellow readers of your newspapers my concern about the current stats of affairs of politics in UK and disinterest of youngsters in choosing politics as a profession or involvement.

Events, big or small, are now virtually recorded. It is due to this demand that people now go to professionals to design and execute their events. It is this demand that has led to the springing up of so many companies specializing in Event Conceptualizing and Execution, right from designing the layout of the event venue, to arranging for the decor and meeting any other whim the client might have, to actually ensuring the smooth flow of the event on the D-day, everything can be done for a price.

The chances of this happening are therefore minimized if the parties contracting understand the concept of what they are agreeing to, the rights, the obligations and the how to foresee potential problems. Keywords: legality, breach, obligations, duties Business Law Introduction Contract law is one of the major and most common branches of every day law.

Urban Nomadism - Tecno Nomadism - Neo Nomadism The technological advancement in this most modern era evidently laid a way for the reincarnation of neo nomadism. This reappearance of nomadic culture is mainly due to the progression of effective communication, information as well as transportation systems across the globe.

The manner in which the company solved the problem was to ask employees what information they needed and to communicate only that information to them (Teerlink and Ozley, 2000:195), so that they could ensure that everyone – managers and employees included – were all working towards one common goal/objective.

ATF operates in a very top-down hierarchy where controls and communications move downward from executive and high-level management to low-level subordinates and mid-tier management. There is very little in terms of autonomous working conditions at the bank, thus there are motivational problems with some of the employee populations and job dissatisfaction.

In essence, dividend yield and PER of value stocks is better than growth stocks because of their high market price which declines dividend yields and worsens the price earnings ratio. Their findings revealed that CAPM model is inadequate in explaining stock prices fluctuations because it is concerned with only one element of risk i-e beta.

Rattan Furniture Division was established four years ago. For the last three years, the company claims to have an annual sales growth rate of 35% and the sales were $60 million last year. The three main product lines they have are a living & dining room, bedroom line and outdoor patio line.

The methodology provides a description about four short term finance sources availed by the businesses. Each one is separately described. Subsequent to that, the liquidity and efficiency ratios of Sainsbury and Tesco have been computed and compared. Four different sources of short term finance Short term finances fulfil the day-to-day operations of business.

Its retail operations are in California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, and Chicago among other. Safeway also have its operation in Canada. In addition, it has an extensive network of distribution, manufacturing, and processing facilities (Safeway Inc. Annual Report 2011, n.d, p.43).

can be supposed to be the attributing factors towards the development of financial innovation. Innovations are mainly done to achieve the basic objectives of financial systems like facilitating the required payment instruments, increased savings, reduction in costs, etc.

Every year, new companies are joining the money markets and in to the private equity business; hence this is making the private equity markets become a lucrative source of income for several people and organizations. Private equity firms look for companies that are facing closure due to financial crisis and then they make buyouts to these companies.

Keeping in pace with the globalization, the company is planning to expand its business to other frontiers. As per the audited financial statement of the company for the financial year 2010, the company employs more than 176,000 and has its operations expanded to more than 41 countries in the world.

Generally, organizations make their investment decisions on the basis of the returns expected from those investments (Jaffe & et al, 2004, p. 167). There are number of methods that are widely used by companies to evaluate their available investments options.

The crisis started in 2006 when the real estate market suddenly grew. Banks were looking for more profit and they decided to give mortgages even to low income groups and when the interest rates rose later, the same families were in trouble because the homes they had previously received were repossessed as the interest rate could not be paid by them.