Finance & Accounting Essays

The second journal is by Sundaram Anant and Inkpen Andrew titled “Corporate goal revisited”. The third journal is by Fombrun Charles titled “Corporate Governance”. The last Journal is by Blair Margret titled “Corporate Ownership” Corporate “Ownership” by Blair Margaret The aim of the article is to demonstrate corporate ownership and dispute the assumption that companies are owned by shareholders.

The author states that the actual cause of the corporate failure lies with the enormous oversupply that could be attributed to excessively optimistic projections of Internet growth. The stock market value of the firms in the telecommunication industry plunged and people at the WorldCom’s helm of affairs intervened in the accounting practices.

Instead, overheads are placed in a single pool and allocated based on volume related allocation bases such as machine hours in this case. This means that products are sometimes charged for resources they never use. This has resulted in distortions in the cost of both models and has led management to make decisions to discontinue products based on erroneous figures.

Similarly, the cost of sales that is the cost of the products sold amounts to $2,462,100,000 according to the income statement for the year ending December 31, 2010. Consequently, to compute the cost of the inventory purchased during that trading year, the following formula has been employed.

The first category is the macro-economic failures, which include monetary policies, fiscal policies, global imbalances and housing booms. The second category includes the failures in the financial sector supervision and regulatory policies and practices (Moshirian 2011, 502).

For this purpose, the discussion is based on the underpinning of Indonesia and its economy, bank regulation in Indonesia, banking industry, and financial crisis in a critical manner. This will help in dealing with the research issue in a significant way. Indonesia: History In the early 60s, the economy of Indonesia deteriorated drastically as a result of huge political instability embedded with a young and inexperienced government and economic nationalism that marked severe poverty and hunger.

Pension plan is an important benefit that is to be offered by a company to its employees. Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co are the two global competitors but have done well in ensuring that the employees of the company get full benefits from the pension arrangements of the company though their process of offering benefits may differ.

Abstract The capital structure of an organization has a direct influence either positive or negative on the output i.e., revenues and profits and the business. As there are numerous factors which influence the optimum choice of capital structure for a firm, therefore there cannot be a universal benchmarking of factors which can be considered as determining the capital structure choices of firms.

This is because man is a rational being. For example, if a student thinks as follows: ‘‘if I enroll into a UK institution for my studies, I would have an enriched learning experience and many opportunities for travel’’ he or she would have a high expectancy (Lee, 2007).

aterials [1], variable cost related to labor and fixed costs such as rent and depreciation of property plant and equipment. The ratio is calculated by dividing the sales revenue by the gross profit. If we analyze the gross profit margin trend of the company it appears that there is marginal change in the percentage over the prior two financial years.

In an organization, the manager is charged with the responsibility of seeing to it that the organization relies upon the accounting information provided to make appropriate decisions. Any donor who is willing to donate money to any enterprise should and always ask for the accounting documents of that particular enterprise.

To make these organization practices efficient, labor laws have tightened legislations that protect creditors and investors from frauds. Most cases of fraud are conducted in the accounts department where auditors and top management provide wrong financial statements to investors which may lead to loss of investors’ funds and assets investments.

The study has provided insight analysis financial ratios of ASOS Company. Whereby, a comparison of financial results for the two years was executed. It can be observed that the financial performance of ASOS Company was higher in 2013 than 2012 based on the financial statements and ratios computed below.

ACG group project Business organizations operate with the primary aim of making profits for sustainability, to facilitate growth, and to pay investors for their financial input into the businesses. Profitability ratios help users of financial statements to understand managements’ effectiveness in generating profits from business operations and section reviews and compares profitability rations of Baxter International and Becton, Dickens and Company.

The recent past has seen a period faced with identity crisis regarding whether practitioners need to follow the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, popularly abbreviated as GAAP or the International Financial Reporting Standards popularly abbreviated as IASB (International Accounting Standards Board, 2006).

From the discussion, it is clear that a firm’s level of debt in its balance sheet may largely depend on a number of external as well as internal market factors. Profitability, stability, size, and market reputation are some of the major elements determining the debt levels of a firm. In addition, availability of bank loans is another major factor that causes varying levels of debt in firms’ balance sheet.

Hence as an investor, the ability to accept risk in the pursuit of higher rates of return has to be analysed depending on various constraints that include, liquidity needs, time horizon, tax considerations, regulations and unique needs and preference (Bodie et al., 2005).

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that a goods and services tax system is of much importance to the firm, as it will improve its financial management in the future. The system will improve the record keeping of the transaction that the companies engage in, a factor which will ease management.

A V?2) S CL Putting the values, L = (? (0.4671) (106.94)2)(29)(0.67) = 51,891 N = 5.2 E+4 N In a straight and level flight, lift forces are equal to the weigth of the body, hence, L = W = mg Value of ‘g’ at 9km from sea level = g = go (r/(r+h)) = 9.81 (6400/ (6400+9)) = 9.796 m/s2 Using the above values of lift and ‘g’; 51891 = m (9.796) => m = 5297 kg Question No.

(Frank Sinatra) Frank Sinatra sang this song with soulful depths in a tender expression of arrayed symbols to employ meanings on love. Love is a deep emotional feeling no language could fully describe. It is a burning force, a compelling passion, an innate vacuum wanting to be filled, a desire drawing vigor for momentum, something that reassures, or often a perplexing but fascinating contradiction.

Organizational structures allow the expressed allocation of responsibilities for different functions and processes to different entities such as the branch, department, workgroup and individual. The matrix structure will be adopted which will allow to group employees in the organization by both function and product.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………………………….4 History…………………………………………………………………..................4 How is Arbitration Different From Other Municipal Laws.

Efficient market hypothesis stipulates that the prices of stocks in the money markets represent summation of all probabilities of all future consequences. The information available in the public domain is assumed to reflect stock prices in the money markets.

It is true that everything has two sides; a positive and a negative one. And on the basis of some negative effects the potential benefits of technology, such as computers and internet, cannot be ignored. But it is also important to understand the perils of computers and internet, so that one can attempt to avoid and eradicate such perils.

It is up to the return expectation and risk appetite of the investor to choose the right product. For high risk taking investors, there are products that invest in stock markets and other volatile markets. Funds that focus on bonds, debt instruments etc. are preferred by low risk taking investors.

According to Fancher (1999-20110), banking deregulation is defined as the removal of regulations which governs the banking system. Arguably, it is clear to illustrate that the United Kingdom’s overreliance on a deregulated banking industry contributed considerably to the economic downturn experienced in the period 2007/2008.

It is on the understanding of his contractual service at the hotel that he would be able to receive any redundancy payment and other statutory rights from the hotel upon termination of his services (Lockton, 2006, p. 137-145). Control Test Method The argument on whether James is an employee or is self employed may first be determined by a court based the Control Test method.

It is responsible for issues like what responsibilities and mandate executives and boards have, how executives and boards are chosen, whether shareholders and stakeholders have rights to get involved in some types of corporate decisions through participating in voting and if they have, what form they take.

This statement of SFAR 141 was put into effect on January, 2009 by the financial accounting standards board following the discussions held in December 2007. It affects any company that follows the generally accepted accounting standards (GAAP) in its financial statements, which is contemplating an acquisition or a merger, or has done so in the recent past (Alfred, 2006).

As in the case of extra ordinary items, this segregation makes the reported information more useful for analysis. To qualify for treatment as discontinued operations, the assets, results of operations, and investing and financing activities of a business segment must be separable from those of the firm.

The main difference between public and private sectors is management and control. Whereas public sector is controlled and managed by the government, private sector is controlled and managed by private sector and individuals. Many differences emanate from the mode of control and management exhibited in these two forms of business entities.

It has always been realized that so many regulations normally impede the process of execution of the budget. While much of the red tape is basically intended to bring order and ensure accountability, too many regulations have been seen to impede the execution of the budget to the extent that intervention measures become imperative.

Such organizations derive a part of its total revenue from the business functions prevailing outside its home country. Moreover, a multinational corporation is often described as an enterprise that handles the production and delivers its services in over one nation.

Current Scenario In the wake of globalization and due to philosophy of comparative advantage ruling the roost, Guillermo’s existence has been threatened by one of the overseas manufacturer and marketer ever since it has entered into Mexico. The competitor has been selling the products at competitive prices, which Guillermo is unable to match as that is evident from the text “a high-tech approach, this foreign competition provided furniture to exact specifications and did so with rock-bottom prices” (Guillermo’s Case).

It is depreciated so that the amount depreciable can be distributed on a systematic basis over the life cycle. IAS 38 was first released on September, 1998. The standard was revised and re-released in March, 2004. Subsequent amendments were made on the accounting standard on May, 2009.

Company summary IITV plc is a media company based in the United Kingdom and cover new, broadcasting and production. The company owns all of the three regional channel licenses in Wales and England. ITV owns ITV1 and ITV2 and has partial interest in GMTV. ITV began its broadcasting in 1955 following the Television Act of 1954 which made commercial television possible in the United Kingdom.

Cost accounting is the precursor to management accounting. Cost accounting has been developed because of the limitations of financial accounting in the areas of management control and internal reporting. Management accounting refers to managerial processes and techniques used for adding value to the businesses.

The administrations of various countries have taken and continue to adopt unseen, significant actions, but we need to watch and wait for the results. Moreover, real estate investment is an essential contributor to household welfare, urban development, and growth of an economy.

The company specializes in animal and human micro molecule vaccines and medicines along with a range of diversified consumer healthcare and nutritional products. Its products are targeted for a wide range of conditions including oncology, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, immunology, pain and neuroscience, cholesterol, anti-fungus, etc.

Games Workshop Group Plc.. Return on Equity (ROE) Return on equity is a profitability measure which indicates how much profit the company has generates on the capital invested by the shareholders. It can be computed as net profit to shareholders’ equity.

ABC ascertains opportunities for management to improve products, services, operations, pricing and vital business processes in order to improve competitiveness in this global market. The imperative information that has been overlooked or hidden by using other traditional accounting approaches can be discovered by using Activity Based Costing (LEITNER, 2007, p.

) Financing activities Payments on loan (75,000) Proceeds from the sale of stock 0 Payment of dividends (5,000) Cash flow from financing activities (80,000) Net decrease in cash (25,000) Beginning cash 50,000 Ending cash 15,000 2. Report a. Analyzing the cash flow The cash flow statement is very important to Anoop (The President) and Meli (Chair of the board of directors) as it shows the cash flows which have occurred in the past accounting period in the company.

The total risk of portfolio can be divided into systematic (non-diversifiable) and unsystematic (diversifiable) risk. An investor can reduce the unsystematic risk of investment through proper diversification of securities in the portfolio. Since systematic risk cannot be eliminated, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) can be used as a tool to determine expected return of asset that is chosen to be added in a well diversified portfolio.

Studies have revealed that a number of hiring in the domain of accounting and finance by reputed U.S. firms are likely to increase.  Since the demise of Andersen due to the infamous Enron Scandal KPMG, Touche, Ernst Young and Price water house Coopers are known as the big four. Before this, it is used to known as the big five.

Differences in operational rules and guidelines and work environments vary among these sectors and may influence an accountant’s preference to work in one sector than another. I, in this paper, explore the difference between the scope of an accountant’s work in the public sector and in the private sector and outline personal goal and interest in the accounting profession.

One of the major facts of this particular case have been identified to be the inability of Friday in determining the validity as well as the viability of the financial statements belonging to Johnson Company resulting in the generation of several critical issues.

The study highlights the methods of functioning, importance of DFM and its relative importance to the domestic, foreign and institutional investors. The study will focus on the equipments required for trading purposes in Dubai and the rules and regulations required while trading.

Mikkelson and Partch provide that financially conservative firms are those that continually hold huge cash balances to finance their financial activities, meaning that they hardly rely on borrowed capital to finance their investment opportunities. A firm means the one that holds more than 25% of its assets in cash.

ssion of the fraudulent activity conducted by a Fortune 1000 Company. The company has been accused for conducting a number of fraudulent activities. It has been found to violate tax regulations when the tax audit was performed by IRS. After the audit it was found that the inventory write downs in the total tax returns were not reflected in the financial statements.

Consequently, the paper discusses the Net tangible Asset, unit price, tax exposure, and gearing leverage and ratios for the trust. Additionally, the paper talks about the market capitalization and specific data inputs for the micro-property.