Finance & Accounting Essays

Although the definition remains a little fuzzy, it generally also applies to individuals who have been able to win a sort of moral victory, ensuring his/her memory is retained in the community mind. Aristotelian thought indicates “the tragic effect will be stronger if the hero is ‘better than we are’, in that he is of higher than ordinary moral worth.

While cataclysmic events on earth have pruned the tree of life, extinction also opens the door to diversity, carving out room for new species to emerge and thrive. This explores us to understand about the five mass extinctions that have occurred over the life of the planet and also helps us to understand the history of life on earth.

Apache was only interested in fields containing approximately 78% of MW’s proved developed reserves and 75% of the Proved undeveloped reserves. These account for approximately $120 million of the difference.

Partial difference equations can be solved using either Finite difference methods or Finite element methods. Both these methods make use of a discrete mesh and the values are calculated at the mesh points by iteration using known values. This paper discusses an alternative method which is meshless and is based on Radial Basis functions(RBF’s).It discusses the results obtained after using different sets of RBF’s namely ThinPlateSpline(TPS),Multiquadric(MQ),Cubic and Gaussian 2 Black-Scholes equation A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from one or more underlying commodities.

Furthermore, they also believe that those measureable properties and the instruments used by the researcher are independent of the researcher that implies that there is no subjectivity (Phillimore & Goodson, pp. 209-211, 2004; Creswell, pp. 235-236, 2009).

Therefore for every company employee performance is utmost important. The level of motivation defines the performance of the employee which can be achieved for fulfilling the targets of the company. Therefore the motivational factors are often kept in mind by the management accountants while preparing the budgets.

An example would be the standard cost of a McDonald’s hamburger. We know that the costs would be based on the price of lettuce, onions, buns, and ground beef but the cost would also be based on how long it takes an employee to make one as well as what equipment is being used to make it.

The Volkswagen company employs 400,000 people to produce about 30,000 vehicles each day and markets its vehicle in 153 countries. In 2010, the company produced 7,358,000 vehicles up by 21.5 per cent compared to the year 2009. The first three-quarter results of the Volkswagen in 2011 have been astounding. 

The company is a brand leader in its segment of the business, with Pepsico USA coming second in terms of revenues and profits as well as worldwide sales and distribution. Both these companies have been famous for their innovative marketing and sales strategies and indulged in price and branding wars that have benefitted consumers as well as the whole industry.

All these users are interested in different areas of the information and utilize the information differently. The customers are interested in the company’s financial position since they want to be assured of continuous supply of goods and services. The employees of ProTek Company would be interested in the organization’s cash flow as well as the sound performance of the company.

Thus, assessing the books of accounts of any organization is possible for any accountants regardless of their country of origin. However, many countries have had problems adopting these accounting standards and implementing them to the fullest. This is the case for Colombia, though it has gone far ahead to adopt the accrual accounting standards that many other countries do not have (Tohmatsu, 20).

The specified underlying or rather the fundamental asset is probable to exist in the form of forex, equity, commodity or even other existing relevant asset. There have been stated to be numerous forms of derivatives contracts that are being used among which interest rate swaps is considered to be a common form (Hunt & Kennedy, 2004).

Companies can receive private equity from retailers and institutional investors and the funds serve a number of purposes such as acquiring new technologies, increasing working capital, strengthening the balance sheet and making acquisitions in terms of assets and other companies (Gilligan and Wright, 2008, p.

Cost accounting as a branch of accounting is concerned with the determination of costs and controlling of the coasts that are incurred by organization in their daily operations. To realize these objectives, organizations have to develop costing systems to ensure that their processes and costs are controlled and to ensure they plan for the future.

The Importance of Financial Ratios 2 III. Types of Financial Ratios 3 IV. Evaluation of Brindley Ltd. & Haines Ltd. Using Ratio Analysis 3 V. Limitations of Financial Ratios 7 VI. Additional Information That May Help in the Investment Decision 8 VII. Recommendation 8 VIII.

It is the most booming metric tool used by corporations’ financial consultants in enhancing corporations’ financial conditions. This tool measure the amount of money in dollars that a business earns after the cost of capital is deducted according to Daft (2008).

It is an integrated enterprise resource planner that can be utilized by business organizations to manage financial and other resources of a company effectively. In allocating costs, SAP utilizes transaction based and periodic allocations. In SAP, entry of data is done with utilization of posting keys that determine the type of account, credit or debit posting and the field status of the transaction.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS (Student Name) (Institutional Affiliation) (Professor Name) (Course) (Date) Company Description Microsoft (NASDAQ “MSFT”) is a Multinational technology company founded in 1975 by two students, Paul Allen and William Henry Bill Gates.

Research paper on recent mnc acquisition Alcon offers a wide range of unparallel products in the eye care segment starting from nearsighted contact lens for children to cataract implantation of grandparent. The company’s innovative products help people all over the world to cure eye diseases and disorders.

Flow (3,700,000) 1,300,000 1,880,000 1,917,500 770,000 Note1 Consultancy fee of 150,000 is a sunk cost Note2 Depreciation is a non-cash item. Although if the tax rate would have been give, tax shield on depreciation would have been included in the cash flow projections Note3 Rent paid is an irrelevant cost as it would be paid in any case whether the project is undertaken or not (b) Payback Period Total cash flow after two years 3,180,000 Remaining cash flow (520,000) Percentage of third year cash flow 0.271 Payback Period 3.271 (c) Discounting factor 1.00 0.89 0.80 0.71 0.64 Present Value (3,700,000) 1,160,714 1,498,724 1,364,839 489,349 Net Present Value 813,626 (d) As apparent from the abov

In the international community the fastest growing accounting framework that is being used in the business industry of different countries is the international financial reporting standards (IFRS). The international financial reporting standards were created by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

As shown, CEOs that doubled as chair of board per year was 0.503 with a standard deviation of 0.500. This suggests a low CEO duality per year in the sampled firms. Board sizes averaged 7.171 with a standard deviation of 1.89. The minimum number of board members per year was 3 and the maximum was 13.

The principle purposes of merger of two companies are to strengthen their hold in the market and also to earn a competitive advantage in the industry. Studies have proved that merger waves are usually caused by repercussions arising out of economic and technological factors.

According to him, Interest rate swaps are divided into two groups, fixed floating swap and basis swap. In basis swap, both the parties have to exchange currency at floating rates of interest where as in case of fixed floating swap one party has the privilege to use fixed rate of interest and other parties have to use floating rates of interest.

The companies will utilize the off balance sheet to keep their debt to equity and the other leverage ratios low especially where it requires breaking of the negative covenants. In the off balance agreement the company will engage in varied financial transactions that comply with the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

Earnings per share for xyz Company Introduction In most settings, basically earnings per share refer to a company’s earning or loss divided by the total number of the outstanding shares. Most publicly owned companies like XYZ Company, according to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), are required to report Earnings per Share in their income statements.

This report analyses the possible effects that would accrue if the United States takes action to reduce its current account deficit, given that currently, all water pumps are manufactured in Europe. It also analyses the effects of devaluation of the Dollar.

This realization strengthened when my high school teacher in Jeddah asked the class to reflect on their lives and tell something about it. That is the first time I reflected upon my inner feelings, ambitions and goals, which is something that I had ignored since time immemorial.

The property is a situated in a secure place with drive in checks and within an area dominated by high presence of local authorities and sheriff office. The environment is friendly as the open communal garden is open to the horizon as the property is not surrounded by tall buildings or obstructions from direct view of the sky.

ented by CTC bookkeeper in calculating the monthly profit there is no clear classification of cost. Generally the bookkeeper has treated the cost as operating costs. If analyzed critically the net profit figure my not reflect the true profitability of the products.

As a consequence to the failure of the US GAAP, various nations all over the world grew more attracted towards a financial reporting system which is more principle-based. FRC was in support to the system because principle-based rules are the regulator within the capital markets.

Each of the two schools of thought present arguments to rationalise their points of view about the situation of corporate governance. Although this comes with some kinds of disagreement, each of the schools of thought attempt to justify their own views of corporate governance as superior and universal.

3.7 Ethical concerns 23 3.8 Reliability and Validity 24 Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 25 Chapter V Conclusion & Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Recommendations References Appendices Tables Table I: World Textile & Apparel Trade 1 Table II: Per Capita Textile Consumption 2 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background Apparel manufacturing is one of the most globalized industries in the world.

Upon interaction with a pathogen in the body these T cells produce a specific response. T cells can only be activated if they their receptors recognize the pathogen entering the body. The pathogens are recognized by the T cells with the help of the Antigen Presenting Cells (dendritic cells, macrophages etc).

The organization considered for this purpose is ‘General Motors Company’ or GMC. This company has undergone a full financial review and it appears to be the suitable organization for this paper. GMC is a division of the General Motors Incorporated, which is into the manufacture of different types of vehicles like pickup trucks, commercial trucks, sports utility vehicles and vans.

This means that the company will be at the positive end in their profit and loss statement. Secondly, NPV analysis shows that the project provides a positive NPV which is calculated by discounting at the required rate of return. 4. Depreciation is not a cash flow item however; it does reduce income tax and subsequently adds back in the cash flow statement.

The lease agreement enables the two parties to do a form of accounting transaction at a price deemed necessary. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) explains that a contract does need any entity to determine the initial direct costs that occurred before August, 2010, which is the official effective date for the changes made.

For instance, a corporate treasurer is a borrower and he has to choose between short term and long term debt. Investors can be seen as lenders who lend their money by purchasing bonds (which can be either long term or short term) (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2010).

A clash in the interest happens when an individual’s self-regarding interest disagrees in complying with the individual’s fiduciary responsibilities. It might also take place in an instance when an individual is accountable for discharging two fiduciary responsibilities and the obligations of one comes in the way of others.

The theory encompasses the construction of a portfolio which can minimize the risk and at the same time maintains the required return for the investor (Markowitz, 1991). Construction of such a portfolio which has the aforementioned characteristics can be possible through diversification.

These exposures, i.e. Transactional, Operational and Translational Exposures are presented as follows: Transactional Exposure Availability of Finance / Capital Raising Sources Apart from fuel costs related risks, the company aims at expanding its existing fleet size by acquiring new aircrafts; however, any occurrence of an unfavourable event in relation to the availability of the credit could have an unfavourable impact on the company’s ability to generate the required finance for the expansion project and as a result the continued growth of the company may be hampered (Ryan Air 2011, Kevin 2009).

The banks in Islamic financing undertake venture capital financing for companies that are engaging in businesses that are Shariah compliant. Islamic syndication finance can be provided by the bank in a number of manners. One of these is termed as Mudarabah.

In this letter, I have explained the financing requirements, which I consider crucial for you to understand before making you final decision. I have also presented the various financing options you may consider pursuing together with their advantages and disadvantages.

According to the three agency categories of Saatchi, the financial perspectives seem achievable. In the ‘prosper’ agencies, the financial goal is to increase profit margins. For the ‘drive’ category, the company hopes to grow revenues and improve margins. Finally, the ‘lead’ agencies get additional investment to improve revenues and profitability.

A range of differentiated factors as well as psychological issues are taken into account in order to explain people’s financial habits. The evolution of behavioural finance can be traced back to Gustave le Bon’s The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1896).

The author states that corporations operate in a legal environment and are subject to laws and regulations of a certain jurisdiction. Organizations also have a constitution that avails individual rules that govern the Corporation and sanction or constrain its operations or decision making.

This essay analyzes that management of earnings, over the past years, received negative publicity from the several corporate scandals injurious to the firms. Examples of the affected corporate firms are Enron and WorldCom, which illustrate how opportunistic earnings resulted in the greatest bankruptcies in the history of the US.

Capital budgeting technique use to evaluate investment proposal with respect to their feasibility. Techniques like Net Present Value, Internal rate of return and / or Profitability index are applied to analyze from various perspectives with respect to cost and benefit if project undertaken.

The author states that these cases constituted Eagle merchant Bank and Century National Bank and its associated financial units. In addition, Avey’s responsibilities as the Jamaican government expertise witness involved giving forensic examination and audit assistance. He employed professional examination techniques to carry out an investigation.

The author states that capital budgeting technique uses different tools or approaches to assessing the future investment. Among them are; Payback method, Accounting rate of return method, Net present value method, Internal rate of return method. Payback method determines the length of time that takes to recover initial cost of an investment.