StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...

Essays on positive and negative effects of spanish colonization in the philippines

The Positive and negative effects of spanish colonization in the philippines is one of the most popular assignments among students' documents. If you are stuck with writing or missing ideas, scroll down and find inspiration in the best samples. Positive and negative effects of spanish colonization in the philippines is quite a rare and popular topic for writing an essay, but it certainly is in our database.
Enter your email to get essay samples on your topic

Choose the best solution for you
Go through the list of samples
Go through the list of samples
SHOW SAMPLES
Order the paper
Order the paper
Writing Service
  • Studentshare
  • positive and negative effects of spanish colonization in the philippines
The Impact of Poverty and Malnutrition on Children in the Philippines
13 pages (3465 words) , Download 0
Free
From the paper "The Impact of Poverty and Malnutrition on Children in the philippines" it is clear that poverty and malnutrition significantly affect Filipino children.... The impact of Poverty and Malnutrition on Children in the philippines Brief Outline The main purpose of this project is to critically assess the impact of poverty and malnutrition on the children.... For this purpose, an assessment of the current situation of malnutrition in the United Kingdom and the philippines and the effects of poverty and malnutrition have been critically analyzed....
Preview
Effect of Conquest of America on Europes relationship with Africa and Asia
9 pages (2361 words) , Download 3
Free
For instance, Spain ruled the philippines through Mexico.... For instance, the philippines became a predominantly Christian country.... During most of the period of colonization of Africa, its main utility for its colonizers were its slaves.... Unlike the latter, Asia fell to European colonization rather later.... What the colonization of the Americas, Asia and Africa demonstrated was the fact that these continents became embroiled with some form of globalization especially producing a type of division of labor that we could actually identify as roughly similar to what we have today....
Preview
sponsored ads
Hire a pro to write
a paper under your requirements!
Win a special DISCOUNT!
Put in your e-mail and click the button with your lucky finger
Your email
YOUR PRIZE:
Apply my DISCOUNT
Effect of Conquest of America on Europe's Relationship with Africa and Asia
9 pages (2360 words) , Download 1
Free
For instance, Spain ruled the philippines through Mexico.... For instance, the philippines became a predominantly Christian country.... During most of the period of colonization of Africa, its main utility for its colonizers were its slaves.... Unlike the latter, Asia fell to European colonization rather later.... hat the colonization of the Americas, Asia and Africa demonstrated was the fact that these continents became embroiled with some form of globalization especially producing a type of division of labor that we could actually identify as roughly similar to what we have today....
Preview
Colonization of Taiwan by the Dutch
8 pages (2420 words) , Download 0
Free
How Taiwan became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han colonization in the seventeenth century.... The first reason is the Dutch believed that by colonizing the Taiwan, they would have the power to protect the philippines from its enemies or any other form of danger (Koo, 2015).... Researchers have focused on this historical aspect by highlighting on some of the effects of this colonization.... Secondly, the Dutch wanted to ensure that their home philippines was safe from attacks by enemies....
Preview
American Trade and Imperialism
10 pages (2500 words) , Download 3
However, the colonization of Puerto Rico in the early 1900s by the United States marked the beginning of American imperialism.... These factors include the spanish-American war where America sought the independence of Cuba by compelling Spain to withdraw from Cuba.... American imperialism led to various effects on America, its colonies, and other European nations.... Such effects have been consistent and significant throughout the centuries....
Preview
Effects of Acculturation among the Filipinos
12 pages (3000 words) , Download 4
Free
In 2000, the philippines are believed to have been the second largest group after Mexico.... the philippines government supported its economy by allowing numerous people to flee to the states for employment.... The Americans took over the philippines in 1898 during the Spanish war.... The US community adversely affected the philippines society.... The two countries had a strong business and military connections and thus it highly Americanized the philippines culture....
Preview
Nation-building
14 pages (3500 words) , Download 2
Free
Philippines Profile Geography The Republic of Philippines (13 00 N, 122 00 E) is located in South Eastern Asia between the South China Sea and the philippines Sea, in the east of Vietnam.... the philippines culture is one which separates them from the rest of the world.... Island tourism is increasing at a fast rate and the position of the philippines islands is also strategically advantageous.... However, there is no dearth of spanish, Mexican, Chinese and Austro-Melanesian people as well....
Preview
The Diffusion Theory of Innovation
13 pages (3250 words) , Download 2
Free
in the philippines, land with minerals such as gold, copper and silver were leased by the government to international mining companies from Canada, China, and Europe which forced the indigenous populations out of their ancestral lands.... But still, the positive and negative impacts of the new colonialism rest on the shoulder of the governing officials in the allied countries.... The spanish colonization on the other hand is the epitome of mercantilist government with strict restrictions on trade leaving no room for the colonies to bargain with other countries but only to Spain herself (Grier 320)....
Preview
Casta Painting As a Form of Literature
3 pages (750 words) , Download 1
Free
The Americas especially south America also witnessed the coming of spanish people.... This practice was more exercised in the 17th and 18th centuries in the Spanish America and Spanish philippines region.... With the seizure by the Spanish, a new culture of colonization developed.... The spanish were talented regarding art.... The spanish conquered some sections of the United States and started ruling them.... To store this history, a new way of painting was discovered known as Sistema de Castas which helped to reveal the effect of the spanish conquest on the Native Americans....
Preview
James Cook's Voyage to Australia and The Subsequent British Colonization
16 pages (4000 words) , Download 2
Free
Cook's landing in the Botany Bay also gained importance in the history as it was here where he first met the Aboriginal tribe who had black colors of skin and later it led to the colonization in the area.... For the colonization in Australia, a fleet of total 11 ships reached the Botany Bay carrying more than 750 convicts who were to be settled in the region along with civil servants and clergy men9.... The reason for leaving out the Aborigines were justified as it was mentioned in the European laws that countries seeking colonization in other parts needs to provide compensation and seek permission of the natives who used the lad and carry out trade and agriculture, However the aborigines were never witnessed to trade or farm the land and thus the question of compensating them never did arise....
Preview
Short book reviews and comparison of reviews
16 pages (4000 words) , Download 2
Short Book Reviews and Comparison of Reviews Name: History and Political Science Professor: Date: Short Book Reviews colonization in the Southeast Asian countries was marked by gross exploitation of the natives and hypocrisy by the colonizers.... For example, the use of aspirin as the most powerful medicine to be discovered by humanity to symbolizes effects of modernity on humanity....
Preview
The Origins, Consequences, and Importance of the European Imperialism during the 19th Century
5 pages (1380 words) , Download 0
Free
Many American colonies established in the philippines and the Caribbean when Spain was defeated in the Spanish-American War (Luck 755).... Imperialism apparently seems to bring about positive effects in the start, but many negative effects are realized with the passage of time.... Most of the European colonization was delayed because of the African disease, geography, and climate until the 19th century, though the Dutch settlers' descendants called Boers or Afrikaans had arrived in South Africa in the 16th century (“The Cape”)....
Preview
Dutch and Administration in Taiwan
9 pages (2524 words) , Download 0
Free
How Taiwan became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han colonization in the seventeenth century.... The Dutch wanted to ensure that the philippines were secure, and protect them when trading with China; the Dutch thought the China republic would try to take advantage of the small-populated Taiwan.... Ruling Taiwan would give them a base of doing business in Asia, and because it was colonization period they thought they could use the strategic value of Taiwan to take charge in Asia (Thompson, 1964) ...
Preview
Globalization As the Worldwide Blending
9 pages (2250 words) , Download 2
Free
From expanding into New Mexico, California, and Arizona, America went on to practice colonization in Guam, Hawaii, the philippines, and Alaska.... merica invaded Puerto Rico, Cuba and the philippines in 1898.... Imperialism can be colonization or totally influencing a weaker countrys path.... Influence can be effective imperialism, just like outright colonization.... colonization can also be a form of Imperialism....
Preview
Criticism of Corporal Punishment of Children within Families and Schools in Africa
25 pages (6250 words) , Download 2
The critical analysis will provide the discussion that how the alternatives can be more successful as a form of punishment with less damaging effects on children's body and mind.... The use of corporal punishment as a punitive or corrective measure has definitely a negative impact on the juvenile mind exposing him to violence and its power at a stage too early to enable comprehension.... Alternative measures, though may not have an immediate effect, do have a lasting and positive impact on the child....
Preview
The Relationship Between Minority and Dominant Groups
12 pages (3000 words) , Download 2
Free
as ‘nationals' from the time the philippines officially became the colonial ground of the U.... The American colonization Society was established in 1816 to assist in the relocation of free African Americans to a settlement in Liberia, Africa.... Hispanic groups originated from roughly twenty countries—they could speak Portuguese, spanish, or a broad range of native languages such as Nahuatl and Quechua.... Congress introduced the word ‘Hispanic' so as to include in the counting the spanish-speaking inhabitants of the U....
Preview
Anti-Americanism and Pro-Americanism
7 pages (1962 words) , Download 0
Free
South Korea was also able to receive a technical and political advice from the United States whose support was widely deemed as being highly essential for the eventual recovery of South Korea form the devastating effects of the war. ... Anti-Americanism can also be seen to refer to a bias that happens to have a negative disposition towards the United States in addition to its also being exhibited towards the general American social arrangement (Kim and Lee 231) On the other hand, pro-Americanism is seen to be defined as the support by individuals, countries and groups towards the United States, its culture, society and policies. ...
Preview
Spanish Colonization of Philippines
4 pages (1254 words) , Download 0
Free
the philippines is one of the only Asian states that are predominant Roman Catholic.... Emilio Aguinaldo carried the philippines to a war against Spain and inevitably against America.... the philippines.... The paper "spanish colonization of Philippines" presents detailed information, that whenever there is war, regardless of its geographic location, it scars all those involved.... Module spanish colonization of Philippines Whenever there is war, regardless of its geographic location, it scars all those involved....
Preview
Why is Corporal Punishment Still Use in Africa What are the Alternatives
21 pages (5250 words) , Download 2
The critical analysis will provide the discussion that how the alternatives can be more successful as a form of punishment with less damaging effects on children's body and mind.... In a research conducted in Uganda (Naker 2005) over 1400 children and almost 1100 adults were surveyed about their experiences with violence, punishment and discipline....
Preview
Global Strategies as a Successful Business Strategy
13 pages (4140 words) , Download 2
Free
A good example of this is the sportswear giant Nike, who perform R&D and product development in the US, manufacture shoe components in South Korea and Taiwan, have the sports shoes assembled in Taiwan, China, Thailand, Malaysia and the philippines and then market and distribute their products predominantly in North America and Western Europe. ... hen looking at the USA, it is obviously one country, however like Europe it can be considered as several markets, for example Florida and to a lesser extent California have a high proportion of spanish speakers and high Hispanic population....
Preview
Study guide for final
18 pages (4500 words) , Download 3
His attempts were noticed publicly when he left the American colonization Society in 1830 and started his personal abolitionist paper known as The Liberator.... Supervisor Name Test Assignment 1 08 December 2013 American History Section I 1.... William Lloyd Garrison was among one of the main leaders of the anti-slavery movement....
Preview
The Definition of Intellectual Property
36 pages (10621 words)
Nobody downloaded yet
The paper "The Definition of Intellectual Property" states that it was only in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that the argument was forwarded by artists and inventors that they should hold particular rights to their handiwork to be motivated to use more time and energy in creation.... ... ...
Preview
Black and White Violence
42 pages (10543 words) , Download 3
From the paper "Black and White Violence" it is clear that political investigations began in February 1973 when the Senate established a Committee to investigate the scandal.... In 1974 The House of Representatives authorized impeachment proceedings against then-President Richard Nixon.... .... ... ...
Preview
Positive and Negative Effects of Columbian Exchange
5 pages (1250 words) , Download 0
Free
Premium+
The paper 'positive and negative effects of Columbian Exchange' explains one of the most important events in world history.... positive and negative effects of Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange is one of the most important events in world history.... This essay will examine the positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange on the world.... As a result of this exchange, many new products were introduced to both sides of the Atlantic, leading to a range of positive and negative effects....
Preview
Philippines - Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation
8 pages (2167 words) , Download 1
Free
Under the spanish colonization in the years 1872 and 1898, the Filipinos responded the colonialism under their leader Emilio Aguinaldo.... He as well founded a messianic society which was as well called the Colorum whose aim was to defeat as well as overthrow the United States colonial government in the philippines.... "Popular Movements in the philippines, 1840- 1910.... Americas Boy: A Century of United States Colonialism in the philippines....
Preview
Effects of European Colonization of the Americas
5 pages (1528 words) , Download 0
Free
positive and negative effects of European Colonization of the Americas on Europe Teacher               positive and negative effects of European Colonization of the Americas on Europe ... The essay "effects of European Colonization of the Americas" delves into the colonization of the Americas that enriched America due to the acquisition of wealth and land, expansion of trade, and economic dominion while weakening the colonizing powers, increasing resistance of the natives and slaves....
Preview
Philippines 1800+ (or if befor it's ok)
3 pages (750 words) , Download 2
Name: Course: Date: Philippines from 1700 to present day the philippines was under the Spanish empire from 1521, until 1898 when the Spanish rule ended (Burgan, 22).... Forced labor was the other aspect that was introduced into the philippines colony, where the residents had to provide 40 days of community labor, which was eventually reduced to 15 days in 1884, for all peoples aged 16 to 60 years (Burrell, 72).... It is both the abuse of power by the religious orders and the abuse of power by the encomienda that led to the Philippine revolution of 1898, which brought the end of the colonization of the philippines by the Spanish Empire....
Preview
Early Spanish And Early English Colonization In America
5 pages (1250 words) , Download 2
Free
The writer of the paper "Early Spanish And Early English colonization in America" discusses political patterns and economic development avenues of the settlements of the Spanish in the South West of America and English colonies in the New England in the 17th C.... Early Spanish And Early English colonization in America ... The political loss of the last territories by Spain brought an end to the spanish colonization (Kathy, pp 64) ... At the start of 19th C the movements on revolution ended up in independence of many American Spanish colonies, with exception of Puerto Rico and Cuba, released in the year 1898 subsequent to the war waged by Spain against the Americans, together with philippines and Guam in Pacific....
Preview
United States Invasion Of The Philippines In 1898
8 pages (2155 words) , Download 3
Free
This essay "United States Invasion Of the philippines In 1898" says that the invasion of Philippines in 1898 was in lines with the territorial expansionist policy of America, to secure its political and economic interests and to estanblish military bases, in tandem with its belief that it is a global power.... Order 471809 Topic: Why did the United s invade the philippines in 1898?... hy did the United States invade the philippines in 1898?... Silbey, who is an assistant professor of European history at Alvernia College in Reading, Pennsylvania, explains it as a war of transformation and rehabilitation of the philippines, an area of innumerable island territories divided by ethnicity, race and clans that won't see eye to eye with each other....
Preview
Philippine American history
10 pages (2500 words) , Download 2
The institutional invisibility of the Filipinos and Philippines is considered to be connected to the historical amnesia as well as the self-erasure of the United States colonization of the philippines and associated imperialism.... From a cultural perspective, the academic neglect of the Filipinos results from the erroneous assumptions on the lack of authentic indigenous culture from the philippines.... ?? Thus, this suggests that the history of Filipinos ought to be well understood within the context of the colonial and postcolonial associations existing between the united states and the philippines (Lee, 366)....
Preview
Contracting Colonialism On The Example Of Philippines
6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2
Free
The syncretic religion of the philippines often finds itself on the wrong end to elucidate the selected aspects of truth.... In this book, Rafael provides good stuff for thinking and succeeds in giving a strong reason for Spain's ‘sweeping conversion' of the Tagalog tribe of the philippines.... As such, there was no perfect meeting ground by the knowledge of spanish and the mixture.... The paper "Contracting Colonialism On The Example Of philippines" discusses Vincente Rafael's book that examines the issues of conversion and translation of languages and the entire Tagalog cultural traditions during the period of Hispanic conquest from 1565 to 1760....
Preview
Cross Cultural Analysis: The Philippine
13 pages (3250 words) , Download 4
Free
Like most tropical cyclones and typhoons, those that occur in the philippines are characterized by high winds and storm surges that could destroy homes and other structures (FAO, p.... There are experts who point out the Catholicism was been modified in the philippines as the religion has been embraced and practiced according to the local beliefs and practices.... nother important institution in the philippines is the family.... The family and marriage are considered sacred in the philippines, safeguarded by the government and its laws....
Preview
Philippine History
3 pages (750 words) , Download 2
Initially, the treaty was the Protocol of Peace that was signed on August 12, 1898, that would end first the hostilities between the United States and Spain pending the final version of the Treaty of Paris that will determine the extent of control, disposition and government of the philippines.... The treaty formally ceded territories, particularly the philippines from Spain to the United States for $20 million (Zaide, 1984).... s any colony would react, the short-term consequence of the acquisition of the philippines by America can be considered rough....
Preview
Spanish vs. English colonization of America
6 pages (1500 words) , Download 3
Free
English colonization of America.... panish conquest and colonization.... nglish colonization began in the late 16th century but all these ventures failed.... nother example of colonization and conflicts is Florida.... After 200 years of colonization and despite the hard work of settlers, free persons and slaves, there were only 3,104 Spanish subjects in all of Florida.... panish Florida was under the threat of the English colonization, because North and South Carolinas and Georgia had already been British....
Preview
The American Military Adventure In Iraq And Philippine
6 pages (1500 words) , Download 2
Free
On average there were around 40,000 troops in the philippines, but at the peak, there were about 70,000.... On average there was around 40,000 troops in the philippines, but at the peak there were about 70,000.... Many of the great American intellectuals and artists opposed the action in the philippines and said so publicly.... Once again, in Iraq (like in the philippines) what appeared to be a simple mission of liberation soon turned bloody....
Preview
Negative Tourism Impact in the Philippines
7 pages (2138 words) , Download 2
Free
This paper discusses all of the tourist-related issues which are impacting tourism ratios in the philippines.... How tourism is developing badly in the philippines BY YOU YOUR ACADEMIC ORGANISATION HERE HERE HERE How tourism is developing badly or going wrong in the philippines ... There are many cultural aspects which are impacting tourism in the philippines from a negative viewpoint.... This paper discusses all of these tourist-related issues which are impacting tourism ratios in the philippines....
Preview
English in Every Mouth: The Positive, Negative and Possible
6 pages (1696 words) , Download 1
Free
It would be best to discuss the positive and negative effects of its boom to being the world's global language. ... in the philippines' adaptation of the English language it now has a culture very much influenced by the Westernized way of life.... Other countries even have dialects as part of their language, like how the philippines has Filipino as the national language, and dialects specialized in regional locations in the country.... the philippines is recently gaining a huge improvement in its economic stature in the recent year....
Preview
British Colonization
10 pages (2667 words) , Download 2
Free
British and French manufacturers fulfilled most of the demands of North America, the West Indies and India, and indirectly of spanish and Portuguese America.... This paper ''British colonization'' tells us that the British Empire was expanded to become one of the largest in history, completely encircling the globe.... Page observes that from this extensive British colonization over several continents, emerged the notion that the 'sun never sets on the British empire'....
Preview
UNIFEM's strategies on women in the Philippines
3 pages (750 words) , Download 2
They participated in the revolt against spanish colonization in the 19th century.... his paper seeks to analyze how UNIFEM's strategies affect women in the philippines.... Will it work What could be made to improve the strategies Also, towards the end of the paper, I will discuss the impact of feminized poverty in the philippines in my personal living in America and how it helped me become more aware of gender inequalities in the United States....
Preview
Spanish-American War
7 pages (2054 words) , Download 2
Free
Policy of attraction in philippines ... Policy of Chastisement in philippines ... After taking over, the Americans, set their bases in philippines and colonized it.... Spanish were failing the economies of both Cuba and philippines and this paper will highlight the reason Americans removed Spanish authorities in these two countries. ... At the same time, Spain had colonized philippines.... When this war began, Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence for philippines....
Preview
Native Americans and Colonization
1 pages (331 words) , Download 4
Free
"Native Americans and colonization" paper argues that Spain established colonies in North America because they intended to explore gold and silver.... The native people resisted colonization by downing their tools.... England chartered colonies in America for colonization and trade (Blanco & Sanborn, 1993).... Therefore, the spanish imported slaves to replace servitude as a source of labor.... The spanish introduced mercantilism to dominate trade....
Preview
Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms
2 pages (500 words) , Download 5
Free
Its natural resources and global positioning played a vital role in the interest of spanish colonization.... The desire and urge of the philippines to surpass in business blinded them leading them to deleterious Spanish Colony on Philippines Spanish Colony on Philippines Colonization has been a controversial issue in the society.... The desire and urge of the philippines to surpass in business blinded them leading them to deleterious cultural effects....
Preview
The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Eastern Australia
9 pages (2250 words) , Download 2
This paper will however, attempt to explore and analyze the overall negative and positive impact of the European colonization in the South Easter Australian region.... (Osterhammel 1997) One of the key impacts of the colonization of the territories was the systematic use and exploitation of these territories' resources, markets as well as labor....
Preview
Literature of the Philippines and the Filipino Diaspora
4 pages (1000 words) , Download 2
Therefore, the philippines had their original culture which was passed down to the next generation through storytelling, folk.... The folk narrative, folk speech and folk songs of the time involved stories that explained the nature and the environment in which the philippines lived.... he ancient philippines lived beside River banks and sea coasts the most expedient places for food and transport.... For philippines that lived in the interior land they built houses to secure them and protect them from catching diseases (Lumbera 1)....
Preview
Culture experience growing up in the Philippines and Culture experience growing up in the United States
3 pages (750 words) , Download 2
spanish colonization in Philippines lasted for 333 years and it had modified the conventional practices of Philippine population to some extent.... It is a nation of 7107 islands, which is located at the Pacific rim of the Southeast Asia and the islands are volcanic in origin (the philippines).... the philippines' culture is reflected as a mixture of Spanish, American, and Asian cultures.... (Assignment) Culture Experience Growing up in philippines and United States Defining the term ‘culture' requires greater effort as it is a broad term that reflects multiple ideas and ideologies....
Preview
The WOW Philippines Website
9 pages (2774 words) , Download 0
Free
Clearly, the purpose of the website is to promote tourism in the philippines and attract visitors from other places.... An indication that the brand might be effective is that tourism has steadily increased in the philippines since 2002.... ith regard to the importance of tourism to the country, and the growing market of 'independent travellers', the website is well-designed to attract attention and promote a positive brand image for the philippines....
Preview
Positive and Negative Effects of Fast Food
4 pages (1017 words) , Download 4
Free
The paper "positive and negative effects of Fast Food" tells that it cannot be disputed that fast food has become a staple in the American diet over the last few decades.... While there are both positive and negative effects of eating fast food, in my view the negatives outweigh the positives because of the harmful effect that fast food is having on this country.... ositive and negative effects of Fast Food It cannot be disputed that fast food has become a staple in the American diet over the last few decades....
Preview
Milestones of Colonization
13 pages (3416 words) , Download 4
Free
spanish colonization ... With detail he is able to portray the effects of immigration and the loneliness that often times effects immigrants.... We see through Nervous Conditions the effects of education and exposure to other human vistas.... As we have seen in this essay, the effects of home and hearth are issues that are incalculable to measure, both good and bad.... The essay "Milestones of colonization" focuses on the critical analysis of the major issues in the milestones of colonization....
Preview
Setting Up McDonald's Enterprise in the Philippines
9 pages (2634 words) , Download 2
Free
The case study "Setting Up McDonald's Enterprise in the philippines" states that The Philippines, a third world country is an archipelago in South East Asia with about 7,107 islands that spreads from the Pacific Ocean to the South China Sea and where its northern part is near the southern part.... Setting Up McDonalds Enterprise in the philippines A brief of socio-economic and cultural structure The Philippines, a third world country is an archipelago in South East Asia with about 7,107 islands that spreads from the Pacific Ocean to the South China Sea and where its northern part is near the southern part of Taiwan and its southern islands almost touches the north of Borneo....
Preview
The Philippines' Problems And Possible Policies
6 pages (1500 words) , Download 3
Free
With the setting of Call centers in the philippines, the country is able to compete with India in terms of bringing economic gains into the country, Philippines.... The paper "the philippines' Problems And Possible Policies" zeroes in on the macro economic levels of the philippines and looks at the micro aspects of the philippines.... the philippines' economic prospects are favorably encouraging.... In terms of macroeconomic data, the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the philippines were (PHP billions) P6,563 for 2008, P6,826 for 2009, P6,889 for 2010, and P7,221 for 2011....
Preview
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us