Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example

Annotated Bibliography: The Best Parenting Style 18 October Annotated Bibliography: The Best Parenting Style Baldwin, D.R., McIntyre, A., & Hardaway, E. (2007). Perceived parenting styles on college students optimism. College Student Journal, 41 (3), 550-557. This is a primary source. Baldwin, McIntyre, and Hardaway (2007) studied the relationship between perceived parenting styles and levels of optimism in undergraduate college students. Their sampling included sixty-three participants. Findings showed that both perceived maternal and paternal authoritative styles improved optimism, but not the authoritarian style.

Authoritative parents use modeling to show optimism to their children. Baldwin, McIntyre, and Hardaway (2007) stressed that fathers have a large role to play in shaping positive behaviors among children.Bernstein, D.A. (2011). Essentials of psychology (5th ed). California: Wadsworth/Cengage. This is a secondary source. This book stressed that parenting style affects children’s emotional and social development. It explored different parenting styles. Using several studies, it showed that authoritative parenting is effective in raising children with positive attitudes and prosocial behaviors.

Bernstein (2011) noted the limitations of these studies, including their inability to find cause-and-effect connections and they did not sufficiently include the individual traits of children in their research designs. He emphasized that the fit between parenting style and children’s individual traits will determine the most successful parenting style.Bornstein, M.H., and Zlotnik, D. (2009). Parenting styles and their effects. In J.B. Benson (Ed.), Social and emotional development in infancy and early childhood (pp.280-293). California: Academic Press.

This is a secondary source. This chapter reviewed parenting styles and their outcomes on children’s development. It discussed the causes of parenting styles. It showed that authoritative parenting is the most successful parenting style in raising socially responsible and successful children, at least among European American children. This chapter explained the particular characteristics of authoritative parenting that improved the outcomes for children, where the main point is that these parents are more equipped to manage stress and to discipline their children.Evans, W. (2012, April 1).

Authoritative parenting is best for young adults, studies say. Deseret News. Retrieved from http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765565085/Authoritative-parenting-is-best-for-young-adults-studies-say.html?pg=all This is a secondary source. It summarized the findings of a study from Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Findings showed that authoritative parenting is best for adolescents because the latter want some space to exert their free will and to make decisions on their own. Children from permissive and authoritarian parents experienced problems in anxiety and depression.

This article also explained the characteristics of authoritative style, including their communication and decision-making styles with their children.Kail, R.V., & Cavanaugh, J.C. (2010). Human development: A life-span view (5th ed.). California: Wadsworth/Cengage. This is a secondary source. It provided a summary on the common parenting styles from Baumrind’s original study. It mentioned recent studies that showed that authoritative parenting is best in most situations, and that authoritative parents raise responsible and self-reliant children with good school grades.

It stressed that authoritarian parents raise children who tend to be unhappy and overly aggressive, while permissive parents tend to have children with poor self-control and are very impulsive.Shaffer, D.R. (2009). Social and personality development (6th ed.). California: Wadsworth/Cengage. This is a secondary source. It described the kinds of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved styles. The book also provided the outcomes of these styles on children’s emotional and cognitive development.

It summarized several studies to point out that authoritative parenting style is the best because it helps children develop high self-esteem, good social skills, high academic development, and prosocial concern, while the worst is the permissive style that develops poor self-control and bad school grades.Weiten, W., Dunn, D.S., & Hammer, E.Y. (2012). Psychology applied to modern life: adjustment in the 21st century (10th ed.). California: Wadsworth/Cengage. This is a secondary source. This book described the different parenting styles.

It noted several studies that gave evidence for the effectiveness of authoritative parenting style in raising children with high self-esteem across ethnic groups. However, like Bernstein (2011), the book emphasized that these studies are all correlational studies and cannot argue that parenting style directly caused positive effects on children’s attitudes and behaviors. They emphasized that cultural differences and traditions can impact the effectiveness of parenting styles.