The Hall Effect: Measurement and Instrumentation - Lab Report Example

The paper "The Hall Effect: Measurement and Instrumentation" is a good example of a lab report on engineering and construction. The Hall Effect is the creation of a voltage difference an electric conductor placed perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and electric current as shown below. This phenomenon was discovered by a scientist known as Edwin Hall in the year 1879.  The voltage, U Hall is known as Hall voltage. The Hall coefficient is the ratio of the electric field induced to the product of the applied magnetic field and the current density.

The voltage induced depends on the conductor. The working principle of the The Hall Effect sensors based on the principle of Hall Effect. It is a transducer that changes its output voltage in relation to the magnetic field. The sensors are used in speed detection, current sensing, and proximity switching applications. In their simplest form, the sensors operate as an analog transducer directly returning voltage. The distance of the sensor from the Hall plate can be calculated with a known value of the magnetic field.

The position of the magnet from the sensor can be easily determined using a series of sensors. Objective The main objective of this experiment is to establish the relationship between the output voltage and the distance between the plate and the sensor. Requirements for the Experiment 1. Digital Multimeter 2. Hall Effect Sensor Rig 3. Signal Processing Box Procedure 1. Arrange the apparatus as shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1: Equipment arrangement 2. Set the signal processing box as shown in figure 2 below. 3. Connect the output leads to the digital multimeter as shown in figure 3.

Figure 3: The output leads 4. Move the slider to the right of the board and then towards the sensor at the intervals shown in figure 4 and record the output voltage. Figure 4: The slider 5. Repeat the procedures above two times. 6. Produce a graph of voltage against distance. Result and discussion Table 1 shows the result obtained during the two tests. Distance (mm) Output Voltage I (V) Output Voltage II (V) 0 2.1 2.132 20 0.3787 0.3822 40 0.2652 0.2678 60 0.2458 0.245 80 0.2395 0.2396 100 0.2364 0.2367 120 0.2352 0.2356 140 0.2343 0.2347 160 0.2339 0.241 Table 1: The relationship between the output voltage and the slider distance.

The figures 5 and 6 show the relationship between the output voltage and the slider distance for test one and two respectively. Figure 5: Voltage against slider distance for test one Figure 6: Voltage against slider distance for test two As shown in both the tests, the output voltage decreases with an increase in slider distance. There is a rapid decrease in voltage between the zero mm go about 20mm. From 20 mm onwards, there is a slow decrease in voltage with an increase in distance. There is an output voltage even when the magnet is out of range of the sensor.

This voltage is known as a null offset voltage. It is due to the mismatch of the internal connection to the Hall element. The voltage can be accounted for by proper calibration.