Design, Drawing and Practical Skills - Assignment Example

DESIGN, DRAWING AND PRACTICAL SKILLS Institiuion afflieted: Importance of a well written design specification Design specification is the process of listing relevant parameters, requirements and specifications for a product or project that is being designed. The design specification is driven by the customer’s needs and it should state what the product should be and what it should do with much details. The specifications consist of a series of operations of the product, and it may contain interface specifications, calculations of the processes, input-output listing, the codes and series charts. When an engineer is coming up with product specifications, he should allow the process owner to review it. This will ensure that both the process owner and the product developer reach on an agreement about the product or project to be developed (Valdes-Vasquez, & Klotz, 2013). A well written Design specification is important document during initial talks with the customer or process owner, since it shows the engineer or designer’s professionalism. The report shows that the engineer has ways and methods of evading and minimizing problems while he works towards meeting the needs of the end-user generators (Maussang, Zwolinski, and Brissaud, 2009). Also a product or project design specification that is well written shows the end-users that what they wanted has been delivered and if not it provides the opportunity to the users to state whether their needs have been met. Before a contractor is hired, the design specification can be used as a means of communication to the owner or designer exactly what the product or system can do and what it cannot do. This will enable the decision makers of the project to sign-off on the design before the contractor is involved. In the bidding process, the design specification will give detailed information to the contractors so that they can each prepare a bid which is accurate so as to ensure that each contractor is bidding on the same basis. This will help in concept design since each contractor will specifically be aware of the project requirement and what should be met. The design process can also state clearly the administrative processes, standards of workmanship, training requirement, system documentation and the equipments quality generators (Maussang, Zwolinski, and Brissaud, 2009). 2. (a) Importance of effective project management Effective project management is important in any project since they are the driving force that is behind any business enterprise. Any project that effective project management applies is pushed to its maximum potential hence developing projects or products that surpass all the set prospects. Effective project management will lead to completion of projects in time and meets all the user’s requirements. When project management is done appropriately and effectively, the budget set will be met, and there will be no financial deficits. Also, it will enable the client understand the project and its preferred outputs clearly, and the manager can Cleary detect any milestones and define ways of overcoming the challenges effectively (Valdes-Vasquez, & Klotz, 2013. . (b) Project management tools and processes i. Gantt chart – this is a horizontal bar chart used for project scheduling. Every task is shown as; specific performance is documented in actual moment and then compared to the deadline that were set. The Gantt chart can be used in planning time scale, estimation of resources, coordinating and tracking the specific tasks of the project. ii. Critical path analysis (CPA) - can be used in projects that are complex and have long timelines. They can demonstrate extra logical progression and time every action, they correspond independently. It’s a useful instrument when it comes to time organization and for complex and huge projects. iii. Resource histograms- are line graphic representations that indicates the amount of assets allocated to an individual assigned in a pan of time. When the histogram is shown as block chart, it is capable of acting as a useful instrument for organizing project’s staff and resources scheduling. iv. Reports- this are project proposal document, which is a report that can be used to justify a business case for the project. A project initiation document can also applied in defining the monetary and addditional remuneration that are stipulated by the projects. v. The budgeting process- this is the project management process which indicates a measurable monetary that shows a projected returns and expenses. The budget can help in communication of objectives and plans, control operations, authorize payment, performance evaluation, program performance and coordinate activities in the project. vi. Risk management process- this plan management process can be used by the task managers to think about the actions, various errands and effort to carry out the task deliverable, and reflect on some risks so as to the real result can vary to an predictable result. Documentation of the financial and non-financial possessions of every menace must be carried out efficiently. vii. Work breakdown structures (WBS)- they are of great help when it comes to effectively planning for the project by breaking essential tasks or activities down to more manageable and minor units of work. It gives a record of exhaustive responsibilities carried out in the venture, therefore, aiding delivering of improved arrangement, estimate and reserve forecast for the task 3. (a)List 3 significant design considerations when designing such a generator and explain what parameters are desirable to optimize the design. environmental considerations. Electrical considerations Mechanical considerations (b)Parameters desirable to optimize the design In order to optimize the design of the pancake generators, some parameters must be considered. Also, an integrated electromagnetic structural optimization strategy should be developed so as to provide the best structural design of the generators (Maussang, Zwolinski, and Brissaud, 2009). The parameters to be considered include: (1) Air-gap- in order to reduce the active mass of the generator the air-gap is is kept as bigger as possible so as to optimize the electromagnetic performance. (2) Cost- when designing a pancake generator, the cost should be considered. In this characteristic, little portion ratio or generators are further recommended; since dynamic weight reduce with radius and it caosues the generator to be costly. (3) Number of slots- a design with numerous slots is recommended when the dynamic weight of the pancake generator is desirable. It helps to cut down the span of the fluxes pathway, which give additional prospective to decrease the energetic weight in the generator. (4) The type of magnet- the use of permanent surface magnets should be used in the pancake generators so as to enhance optimization (Maussang, Zwolinski, and Brissaud, 2009). Pancake generators which used permanent magnets cab able to operate at improved andgreater power factors which are more efficient than many conventional turbines. This kind of generators may be expensive, but they are very efficient. (5) Rotor structure- intended for a pancake generator that uses a stable magnets, there is a problem of retaining the magnet beside the centrifugal forces at higher speeds. Carbon filament disc should be applied in holding the permanent magnet against the shaft. nevertheless, during elevated speeds the essential broad carbon disc boosts the magnetic space hence leading to a condensed air-gap flux densities.Therefore, when designing the generator, the diameter should be big enough. Figure 1. Aspect ratios for radial-flux machines, Krad and axial-flux machines source (Yang,, Dong, & Yang, 2014). (6) Material selection- the properties of many materials change with an increase in temperatures and, therefore, most materials are not suitable for creating and making of generators. The material to be used must be durable and should have highest energy product compared to other types of magnets. Therefore, Neodymium-iron-boron and samarium cobalt materials should be used in designing the pancake and other generators (Jo et al. 2014). 4. A suitable testing strategy Once a pancake generator has been built, compliance testing should be conducted so as to determine whether a conformity requirement has been met as per the commercial and regulatory authorities. The testing is done so as to meet the state’s licensure requirement and national certification. The testing strategy to be used is that the pancake generator should be exercised for a minimum of 30 minutes. The testing should be done in working temperatures condition and not as much as 30percent of the rated kiloWatts mark of the machine. The generator should not reach its operating temperature in a period of 30 minutes; therefore, the generator should run for a longer period so as to ensure that the all the engine parts are lubricated properly. While testing the generator, I can apply in the pancake generator is loading that maintains the minimum exhaust gas temperatures which are usually recommended when manufacturing (Yang, Dong, & Yang, 2014). Some equipment is needed in testing the pancake generator. The first-testing equipment is the PDA couplers; this is testing equipment for a generator which is designed so as to detect any partial discharge activity from the pancake generator stator windings. The second-testing equipment is the Corona Probe; this is an instrument that can work in offline condition. The equipment is used to identify the biased discharges sources in a specific gap in a generator precisely. The last material that can be used in testing the pancake generator is the flux probe. This instrument is usually used in online mode to monitor and acquire magnetic flux remotely from the generator’s air gap (Simpson et al.2012. Figure 2. pancake generator source (Yang, Dong, & Yang, 2014). The test result from the testing of the pancake generator can be used to inform the engineering refinement process. The results show that in order to drive the machine with the rated speed suitable power and control electronics should be developed. The test proves that a voltage source inverter which has external inductances is used to drive the permanent magnetic machine. As per the test results, relatively than the Ferro-fluids affliction of the clip loss, it’s recommended that the generators be planned in a manner that the fixed part is totally engrossed in the solution whilst the rotor is isolated entirely from the liquid. This will lead to improvement of the gap’s permeability and cogging torque reduction (Yang, Dong, & Yang, 2014). References Jo, H, Lee, W, Chung, Y, Yoon, K, Kim, H, Jo, Y, Ko, T, & Yoon, Y 2014, Numerical Analysis and Design of Damper Layer for MW-Class HTS Synchronous Wind Turbine Generator, IEEE Transactions On Applied Superconductivity, 24, 3, pp. 1-5, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 July 2014. Maussang, N, Zwolinski, P, & Brissaud, D 2009, Product-service system design methodology: from the PSS architecture design to the products specifications, Journal Of Engineering Design, 20, 4, pp. 349-366, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 July 2014. Simpson, T, Bobuk, A, Slingerland, L, Brennan, S, Logan, D, & Reichard, K 2012, From user requirements to commonality specifications: an integrated approach to product family design,Research In Engineering Design, 23, 2, pp. 141-153, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 July 2014 Valdes-Vasquez, R, & Klotz, L 2013, Social Sustainability Considerations during Planning and Design: Framework of Processes for Construction Projects, Journal Of Construction Engineering & Management, 139, 1, pp. 80-89, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 July 2014. Yang, X, Cao, Y, Liu, S, Wang, Y, Dong, G, & Yang, W 2014, Optimization Design of a Vibration-Powered Generator With Annular Permanent Magnetic Spring and Soft Magnetic Pole, IEEE Transactions On Applied Superconductivity, 24, 3, pp. 1-4, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 July 2014. Read More