Artificial Intelligence in Intensive Care Units - Literature review Example

Annotated Bibliography Hanson, W & Marshall, B 2001, ‘Artificial intelligence applications in the intensive care unit’, Critical Care Medicine, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 427-435. This article deals with the use of artificial intelligence in intensive care units. The paper explores the ways artificial intelligence can be applied to medical settings by focusing primarily on intensive care units. The researchers have used a wide range of articles from the MEDLINE database to find the relevant information. Along with this, their literature published on this subject matter and bibliographies of peer-reviewed articles have also been used to write the article. The researchers have focused on knowing the way artificial intelligence tools can be used to improve direct patient care. Te article is relevant to the rest of the sources in that it also discusses the uses of artificial intelligence although in a different professional field. In this article, the researchers have found that artificial intelligence has not been widely accepted as a tool to use in medical settings although some of its earliest applications were healthcare oriented. Currently, artificial intelligence tools are being used individually for different purposes, such as, for device control and waveform analysis. The researchers have also found that because of the availability of big data and opportunities for improved healthcare delivery efficiency, AI tools must be applied in the intensive care environment for a variety of purposes including controlling of bedside devices and monitoring of electronic data systems. The researchers have concluded that with the use of artificial intelligence tools, healthcare delivery costs can be reduced and patient outcome can also be improved. The article has been written in a well-organized manner and the reader does not get out of focus at any stage while reading the article. Summing it up, the article includes a wide range of information that can be used to the research paper regarding uses of artificial intelligence in different organizational settings. Bahrammirzaee, A 2010, ‘A comparative survey of artificial intelligence applications in finance: artificial neural networks, expert system and hybrid intelligent systems’, Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1165-1195. This article deals with the use of artificial intelligence tools in financial settings. The main purpose of the article is to establish the role of artificial intelligence tools in making true financial decisions. Portfolio management, credit evaluation, and financial prediction and planning are those three domains of a financial market that need a proper and careful analysis in order for them to come to the state of perfection for every decision. The author of the article has done a comparative research review of popular artificial intelligence techniques, which include expert systems, neural networks, and hybrid intelligence systems in order to find the issues in them, as well as to find the ways to overcome those issues. The article contains credible information which is extracted from a pool of reliable sources and research studies. A careful analysis of the extracted information has been done by the author before putting it in the required context of the paper. Although the article contains a good amount of information, but it lacks a proper structural presentation of the information because of which information extraction appears a little difficult for a new researcher. The article links with the other sources selected for the paper in that it deals with the use of some famous artificial intelligence techniques in financial markets. Liebowitz, J 2001, ‘Knowledge management and its link to artificial intelligence’, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-6. This article deals with the use of artificial intelligence tools in knowledge management. The purpose of the paper is to establish a link between artificial intelligence and knowledge management in order to support the use of ICT in transforming individual knowledge to organizational knowledge. Effective knowledge management plays a considerable role in the success of any company or organization because it helps a company attaining optimum business performance by gathering and sharing relevant knowledge required to run different business processes. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has introduced the technologies like artificial intelligence that help managers and employees in the management of relevant knowledge. The main purpose of using artificial intelligence tools in an organization is to develop and manage such tools that can assist managers, decision makers, and other employees of an organization in the processing of information related to different sets of tasks and business operations. Knowledge management is considered an integral part of any organization because it provides the information for all activities. The researcher has found that many theorists and knowledge management practitioners are overlooking the benefits of artificial intelligence in managing information. The researcher has advocated for the use of artificial intelligence techniques in organizational settings as they not only help companies in collecting the most relevant information but also help in processing, analysis, and dissemination of the collected information in order to carry out key business processes of an organization. The article has a good structure overall. It starts with the importance of knowledge management in improving organizational effectiveness and then moves on to the ways to improve knowledge management where it discusses artificial intelligence as a useful technique. The article links well with other sources and contains a good amount of information that be used to write about the uses of artificial intelligence in organizational settings. Ramos, C, Augusto, J & Shapiro, D 2008, ‘Ambient Intelligence – the Next Step for Artificial Intelligence’, IEEE, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 15-18. In this article, the author talks about the future of artificial intelligence in context of its uses in organizational settings. The main emphasis of this article is on ambient intelligence, which is a next step for artificial intelligence. As technology continues to evolve and expand, changes occur in every sector and technology whether it is from any field of work. Same is the case for artificial intelligence which is also experiencing major technological changes. This article talks about ubiquitous computing devices in relation with ambient intelligence. The main objective of the article is to demonstrate interaction between physical environments and people using an advanced form of artificial intelligence. As far as the purpose of the article is concerned, it is to establish the usefulness of ambient intelligence for a wide range of environments where there people should have improved access to knowledge that they can use for making decisions while interacting with the environments. The author has written the article in a thoughtful manner and has not shifted the focus away from the artificial intelligence perspective. The uses of artificial intelligence and those of the ambient intelligence in interactive environments have been described with good detail. The article links well with all other sources in that it also focuses on establishing a strong support for artificial intelligence in creating better and resourceful interactive environments. Fethi, M & Pasiouras F 2010, ‘Assessing bank efficiency and performance with operational research and artificial intelligence techniques: A survey’, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 204, no. 2, pp. 189-198. This article deals with demonstrating the usefulness of artificial intelligence techniques and operational research in assessing and improving the operational efficiency of financial institutions. The authors of the article have primarily focused on the role of artificial intelligence in improving the efficiency and performance of banks. As far as the data sources for the article are concerned, they include existing research studies published in journals related to economics and finance. The researchers have done a comparative review of 196 research studies all of which demonstrate the role of artificial intelligence techniques and operational research mechanisms in improving the performance of banks. In the article, the researchers have explored and discussed the uses of data envelopment analysis as the most widely used and accepted operational research technique for bringing improvement in the assessment of banks’ performance. The researchers have also focused on the role of some other operational research techniques, such as, support vector machines, neural networks, and multi-criteria decision aid in monitoring the past and current performance of banks, as well as in predicting the causes of banks’ failures and underperformances. The article also contains information about the ways artificial intelligence and operational research techniques can be used to monitor the reasons for a bank’s poor operational efficiency in a given time period. Summing it up, the article contains a good level of information that can be used by the future researchers in establishing a link between banks’ improved performances and the use of efficient artificial intelligence techniques. The article links closely with the other sources in that it also talks about the role of artificial intelligence in improving the performance of organizations. Read More