Research Data Analysis Using SPSS - Essay Example

Topic: Research Data Analysis using SPSS This study will analyse the one on one private interview with an executive. This study also analyzes the results of the questionnaire. It will try discovering the factors that will affect a company's sales, operations, net income and other related matters. FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESS OF MANAGERS AND BUSINESSES and ORGANIZATIONS. The transcription protocol was done on an informal basis. It was more of a conversational and on a one on one private setup. Both the interviewer and the respondent were very responsive to one another's overtures. Based on the interview, the Executive divulged his major concerns to affecting his company. The interview conducted according to Silverman in 1993 shows that their medium sized organization had an annual turnover estimated at one and a half million. There are many factors that have significant effect on generating managers and successful businesses and organizations. Such factors are related to benchmarks that a company can use to determine if the company has been doing well during the past year or years. The most important of them all is the net income or we can call it by the name turnover. The main purpose for people to put up a business, whether the organization is a partnership, a corporation or even single proprietorship, is to generate net income in order for the business to continue survive for many years. Another benchmark that must be considered is the effect of daily expenses on the net income. When the expenses increase, this will result to a decrease in net income. But when the expenses decrease, the result will be an increase in net income. The chief executive manager in the XXXX Company has indicated that they have problems in staffing. The company is in real need of experienced staff. Staffing is the process of hiring skilled workers and maintaining present skilled workers. Even if the skilled worker is asking and is being paid higher than a newly hired or inexperienced work applicant, the skilled worker will be worth the higher pay because the skilled worker can work faster and create better quality products than newly hired employees. Most customers prefer to buy a high quality product at a higher price because the customers believe that such items will last longer and satisfy the delicate high quality services. One way of lessening expenses is to hire part time staff during peak seasons. It is the time when many customers arrive. In this case, it usually happens during Christmas vacation and other important events. A third benchmark that ought to be taken into account is the increase or decrease in net sales that the company has generated during the past year or years that it has been in business. When the net sales will increase, the net income will also increase. But when the net sales will decrease, the sad result is that the net income will automatically be lesser. To improve the operational and financial aspect of the business some measures that were taken was the training and retraining of employees. This has contributed much to the improved performance of the employees, according to the chief executive manager interviewed. Competitive salaries comparable with the competitors are given to well performing employees to retain their loyalty. Furthermore, annual salary increases based on performance will encourage employees to outperform the benchmarks or quotas agreed upon during general meetings between management and employees affected. Another action that was taken to improve its operating and financial performance was the up to date study of the products, marketing plans and current market share of company's competitors. The study will help much to increase the net income of the company. Another step taken by this executive is to keep a database of present customers. Constant communication with the clients regarding company offers that would satisfy the clients' needs was a priority strategy of the executive here. This has been made possible because the office has been computerized to hasten office procedures. By keeping in touch with the present clients, the sales will definitely increase. QUESTION NO. 6 Based on the frequency table stated in Appendix a found on the last part of this situation the most number of months that an employee is working is twelve months with a fourteen percent pie chart share. The next in rank is eleven months. The result is an eleven percent pie chart share. The third in rank, based on most number of months employed are employees that have been hired for seven months, eight months and nine months. The variable is not coded because it is self explanatory. By looking at the frequency table and the histogram, we can understand what they represent. Based on the Histogram (Hitchcock & Hughes, 1995) question 6 in the Appendix, "Employee retention", around fourteen employees have been hired have working for of twelve months. This is the highest group. Employee Retention APPENDIX A The above frequency table has been generated to reinforce the prior histogram. Next, there are thirteen employees that have been hired for eleven long months. Then we can see that there are nine employees that have been hired for ten months. Next, there have been nine employees that have been hired for nine months. Also, there has been a record Of nine employees that were hired for eight months. After this, there is record of nine students that have been hired for seven months. Again, there were nine employees that were hired for fifteen months. These four groups of nine employees each are tied for the third rank. The fourth ranked is the group where eight employees were hired to work for fourteen months. After this, the fifth group arranged from the highest to the lowest is group containing six employees that have worked for sixteen months in the company. The sixed ranked is a tie between the group of five employees that have worked for five months and the another group of five employees that have been working in the company for five months and another similar group of five employees that have worked for thirteen months. There is another group of five persons that have worked for eighteen days. The seventh rank is a solo group composed of three persons. This particular group has worked for seventeen months. The eighth rank group is composed of two groups of two persons each. The first two member group here has been working for four months. The second two member group has been working for six months. The ninth group composed of individuals. There are ten individuals in this last group. The individuals in this group has been working for one month, nineteen months, twenty months, twenty two months, twenty three months, twenty four months, twenty five months, twenty seven months, twenty eight months and thirty four months. Thirty four months, almost three years, is the longest period that an employee has worked for the company being interviewed SUMMARY OF QUESTION 7 & 9 Question 7 Mean Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Re-invest 118 2 6 3.81 1.134 Valid N (list wise) 118 Based on the above table, the mean 3.81 and the standard deviation is 1.134 with a total population of 118 respondents. Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Computer tech. 118 1 6 3.28 1.313 Sustainability 118 1 6 3.59 1.905 Dept. communication 118 1 6 2.20 1.488 High quality staff 118 1 6 3.72 1.763 Rapid uptake of ideas 118 1 6 4.30 1.746 Valid N (list wise) 118 Based on the above table, the mean for highly qualified Staff is 3.72 and the standard deviation is 1.746. Based on the above table, the mean for Rapid uptake ideas is 4.30 and the standard deviation is 1.746. Based on the above table, the mean for Computer technology is 3.28 and the standard deviation is 1.313. Based on the above table, the mean for Sustainability is 3.59 and the standard deviation is 1.915. Based on the above table, the mean for Department of Communication is 2.20 and the standard deviation is 1.488 Question 9 mean Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Degree level education 118 1 10 6.34 3.128 Communication skills 118 1 10 6.64 2.928 Risk taking 118 1 10 4.95 2.305 Strong personality 118 1 10 5.38 2.745 Delegation skills 118 1 9 3.14 2.068 Valid N (list wise) 118 Based on the above table, the mean for Degree level education is 3.28 and the standard deviation is 3.128. Based on the above table, the mean for Communication Skills is 6.64 and the standard deviation is 2.928. Based on the above table, the mean for Risk taking is 4.95 and the standard deviation is 2.305. Based on the above table, the mean for Strong personality is 5.38 and the standard deviation is 2.745. Based on the above table, the mean for Delegation skills is 3.14 and the standard deviation is 2.068. Question 7 Median On the question no. 7A, rank the factor of Reinvestment of profits where 1 is equivalent to most important and 6 having the equivalent of least important, the median rank given is choice Number four. On the question no. 7B, rank the factor of Major shift to computer technology, where 1 is equivalent to most important and 6 having the equivalent of least important, the median rank given is choice Number three. On the question no. 7C, rank the factor of Sustainability where 1 is equivalent to most important and 6 having the equivalent of least important, the median rank given is choice Number four. On the question no. 7D, rank the factor of Effective departmental communication where 1 is equivalent to most important and 6 having the equivalent of least important, the median rank given is choice Number two. On the question no. 7E, rank the factor of highly quality staff, where 1 is equivalent to most important and 6 having the equivalent of least important, the median rank given is choice Number four. On the question no. 7F, rank the factor of Rapid uptake of ideas, where 1 is equivalent to most important and 6 having the equivalent of least important, the median rank given is choice Number 4. QUESTION 9 Median On the question, how would you score the influence of Degree of level of education on being a successful manager, with 10 having the equivalent of very high influence and 1 having the equivalent of very little influence, the median rank is seven (7) On the question, how would you score the influence of Communication skills on being a successful manager, with 10 having the equivalent of very high influence and 1 having the equivalent of very little influence, the median rank is seven (7) On the question, how would you score the influence of Risk taking ability on being a successful manager, with 10 having the equivalent of very high influence and 1 having the equivalent of very little influence, the median rank is five (5). On the question, how would you score the influence of Strong personality on being a successful manager, with 10 having the equivalent of very high influence and 1 having the equivalent of very little influence, the median rank is six (6) On the question, how would you score the influence of Delegation skills on being a successful manager, with 10 having the equivalent of very high influence and 1 having the equivalent of very little influence, the median rank is three (3). Hypothesis Testing SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN VARIABLE V1 AND V2 Correlations Business size Business type Business size Pearson Correlation 1 -.010 Sig. (2-tailed) . .918 N 118 118 Business type Pearson Correlation -.010 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .918 . N 118 118 There is a .918 significance when business size is correlated with business type. The resulting correlation between business size and business type is -0.10. Questions /variables 11. and 8A Pose a specific research question based on the effect required above, formulate a general hypothesis, and then state the null and alternative hypotheses in statistical format. What is the effect of age on agreement for staff training Null hypothesis: age affects the agreement for staff training. Alternative hypothesis: age does not affect the agreement for staff training. Correlations Business size Business type Business size Pearson Correlation 1 -.010 Sig. (2-tailed) . .918 N 118 118 Business type Pearson Correlation -.010 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .918 . N 118 118 Based on the above correlation table done in SPSS, the business size has a low Pearson correlation of -0.01 and a significance of .918 using 2 tailed method in relation to Business type. Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Business size 118 1 3 1.97 .722 Business type 118 1 6 3.30 1.367 Valid N (list wise) 118 Based on the above descriptive statistics table, the business size mean is 1.97 and the standard deviation is .722. Based on the above descriptive statistics table, the business type mean is 3.30 and the standard deviation is 1.367 Discussion The retention and hiring of skilled employees will help much to improve the sales figures and the total operating net income for the period in study. The histogram and the frequency table in the appendix section will support this finding. Both the interview with the executive and questions seven and nine quantitative analysis confirm the same findings. The findings are that for the business or any organization to be successful, they must put more importance on a) Reinvestment of profits, b) Major shift to computer technology c) Sustainability d) Effective departmental communication e) High quality staff and last f) Rapid uptake of ideas. Both the qualitative one on one interview with the executive and the quantitative analysis show that they both agree that the following factors affect the success of the manager and the business itself. The factors are a) Degree of level of education b) Communication skills c) Risk taking ability d) Strong personality e) Delegation skills The interview, the questionnaire and their analysis and validity aspects of the overall findings are VALID. This is proven valid by because both the interview (qualitative) and The questionnaire (quantitative) results AGREE with each other or have almost the same findings. The interview and the questionnaire is RELIABLE because the interview involve real a real interviewer and a real respondent. The questionnaires were also answered by many real persons. Review of the questionnaire format and interview style The questionnaire contained all possible questions to cover important factors that will help the business become a success or failure. Implications and practical significance as distinct from statistical significance) The implications and significance of this statistical analysis is that the reader of this report will be ENCOURAGED to implement the recommendations in order to improve their present business profitability, market share and net income. Conclusion conclude the assignment in a brief clear summary statement of the findings, referring to the objectives given in the introduction and whether or not they were achieved. It is then conclusive that the retention and hiring of skilled employees will help much to improve the sales figures and the total operating net income for the period in study. The histogram and the frequency table in the appendix section will support this finding. The findings of the survey interview and questionnaire indicate that they must put more importance on a) Reinvestment of profits, b) Major shift to computer technology c) Sustainability d) Effective departmental communication e) High quality staff and last f) Rapid uptake of ideas. The conclusion also says that both the qualitative one on one interview with the executive and the quantitative analysis show that they both agree that the following factors affect the success of the manager and the business itself. The factors are a) Degree of level of education b) Communication skills c) Risk taking ability d) Strong personality e) Delegation skills BIBLIOGRAPHY Hitchcock & Hughes, Researcher and the Teacher: A Qualitative Introduction to School Based Research, Routledge, London, 1995 Appendix A -> Average staff retention time(months) Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 1 .8 .8 .8 4 2 1.7 1.7 2.5 5 5 4.2 4.2 6.8 6 2 1.7 1.7 8.5 7 9 7.6 7.6 16.1 8 9 7.6 7.6 23.7 9 9 7.6 7.6 31.4 10 9 7.6 7.6 39.0 11 13 11.0 11.0 50.0 12 14 11.9 11.9 61.9 13 5 4.2 4.2 66.1 14 8 6.8 6.8 72.9 15 9 7.6 7.6 80.5 16 6 5.1 5.1 85.6 17 3 2.5 2.5 88.1 18 5 4.2 4.2 92.4 19 1 .8 .8 93.2 20 1 .8 .8 94.1 22 1 .8 .8 94.9 23 1 .8 .8 95.8 24 1 .8 .8 96.6 25 1 .8 .8 97.5 27 1 .8 .8 98.3 28 1 .8 .8 99.2 34 1 .8 .8 100.0 Total 118 100.0 100.0 Average staff retention time (months) Frequency Table Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 1 .8 .8 .8 4 2 1.7 1.7 2.5 5 5 4.2 4.2 6.8 6 2 1.7 1.7 8.5 7 9 7.6 7.6 16.1 8 9 7.6 7.6 23.7 9 9 7.6 7.6 31.4 10 9 7.6 7.6 39.0 11 13 11.0 11.0 50.0 12 14 11.9 11.9 61.9 13 5 4.2 4.2 66.1 14 8 6.8 6.8 72.9 15 9 7.6 7.6 80.5 16 6 5.1 5.1 85.6 17 3 2.5 2.5 88.1 18 5 4.2 4.2 92.4 19 1 .8 .8 93.2 20 1 .8 .8 94.1 22 1 .8 .8 94.9 23 1 .8 .8 95.8 24 1 .8 .8 96.6 25 1 .8 .8 97.5 27 1 .8 .8 98.3 28 1 .8 .8 99.2 34 1 .8 .8 100.0 Total 118 100.0 100.0 APPENDIX B Question 7 Mean Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Re-invest 118 2 6 3.81 1.134 Valid N (listwise) 118 Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Computer tech. 118 1 6 3.28 1.313 Sustainability 118 1 6 3.59 1.905 Dept. communication 118 1 6 2.20 1.488 High quality staff 118 1 6 3.72 1.763 Rapid uptake of ideas 118 1 6 4.30 1.746 Valid N (listwise) 118 Question 9 mean Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Degree level education 118 1 10 6.34 3.128 Communication skills 118 1 10 6.64 2.928 Risk taking 118 1 10 4.95 2.305 Strong personality 118 1 10 5.38 2.745 Delegation skills 118 1 9 3.14 2.068 Valid N (listwise) 118 MEDIAN COMPUTATION : EXCEL 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 1 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 2 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 2 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 2 1 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 2 2 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 2 2 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd ch 1 2 2 1 1 2nd ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 1st ch 2nd 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