Cereal-Cyst Nematode Problems - Essay Example

The article argues that moving the crop production towards the efficiency frontier will require optimal disease and pests’ management. The paper evaluates the cysts affecting coarse grains, rice, roots and tubers, wheat, and oil tubers, which are important crops in the world. The paper evaluated how the nematode attack can predispose plants to attack by other pathogens by mechanical damage or on a genetic basis. The writers determined the genetic basis of Meloidogyne incognita –fusarium exosporium lycopersici disease which affected tomatoes from the inoculations of progeny F2. The paper demonstrated the role of nematode in the disease interactions through resistance breakdown to F Oxysporum lycopersici in the presence of M. It showed that the cysts have a significant effect on the productivity of the important food crops.

Richard, Smiley and Ruth, Whittaker. "Plant-Parasitic Nematode Associated with the Reduced Wheat Yields in Oregon: Heterodera avenae." Journal of Nematology 37(3) (2005): 297–307.

            This paper evaluates the impact of the H.avenae on the spring wheat yields in the Northwest Pacific. The condition had been observed on the fields but had not been quantified. It was motivated by the variation in infestation between the fields in dryland and irrigated fields.  Heterodera avenae is widely distributed in the western US. These are the regions where wheat is grown in the non-irrigated winter wheat and summer fallows in the regions of low rainfall.  The social and economic pressures have motivated growers to pursue a transition into the summer fallow rotation to the no-till annual spring cereals. These cereals are also grown in irrigated fields.  Spring wheat was, therefore, planted without aldicarb in determining the relationship between H.avenae and the yields under the irrigated and dry land in moderately infested lands.  From the research, the spring wheat productivity was negatively correlated with the initial H.avenae populations.

Loss of Underground Water in Saudi Arabia

Alzahrani, Khodran H. "Sustainable Development of agriculture and Water Resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Conference of the International Journal of Arts and Sciences (2009): 3-37.

            This research paper aims to present valuable information and figures related to agricultural development plans in Saudi Arabia. This is done despite the unsuitable and harsh climate as well as other conditions for normal production in agriculture.  This is because of the limited and deteriorating water availability for agricultural productivity.  The paper focuses on the condition of Saudi Arabia in improving and increasing the production of agricultural products. The paper focuses on the rate of human consumption and use of water resources for agricultural productivity in India. It takes a historical approach by utilizing historical statistics of water volumes and availability at different historical times. The water resources data used ranges from 1961 to 2001. The research shows that water resources in India have become more strained over time due to agricultural demand.

Centre, for Strategic and International. Water and National Strength in Saudi Arabia. Middle East Program. Washington, DC: Centre, for Strategic and International, 2011.

            This publication focuses on the water volume in Saudi Arabia over time. It shows how the water resources have become strained over time. The paper shows the contrast between the demand for oil and water in Saudi Arabia and their importance in society. In that regard, it highlights the high water demand for agricultural activities in the region. The motivation of the paper is the dry conditions of Saudi Arabia and the desire to produce wheat. In that case, the paper aimed at identifying the efficiency of the government actions in regards to the provision of water for agriculture.  It demonstrates the effects of the desalination projects that provide water for agricultural production. Evidently, Saudi Arabia is identified as having 30% of the world’s desalination projects in the world. From the research, the desalination projects have been effective in supplying the country with adequate water for irrigation