The Four Platforms of Tourism - Essay Example

? Tourism Management: The Current System Analysis and Encroachment Submitted Number: Tourism 29th February, 2012 Word Count: 1500 Contents Contents 2 PLATFORMS 3 DISCUSSION 4 STATISTICS 8 Tourism Management: The Current System Analysis and Encroachment PLATFORMS The four platforms of tourism include advocacy, cautionary, adaptancy, and knowledge based. The advocacy platform focuses on the idea of increasing the interest of people in tourism. As provided by Beeton (2006a: pp.14) it has been specified that the advocacy platform plays an important role in the advancement of the economic enrollment of this industry in the system of money making. Thus, the advocacy group mostly refers to the set up of people who promote the idea of treating tourism as it should be, specifically of its recognition by the government and other organizations similar to that which originated after the WW II for the development of commercial areas and their structuring. The verification of the people working on this platform lies on the fact that along with its benefits to the economic system, there are negative effects that cannot be avoided. This platform similar to that of the former one originated at the stance of 1970’s when scholars and researchers started working on this industry and found out that it can cast impacts on the economy. The adaptancy platform presents the fact and brings in light that there are types of tourism which provide a large amount of benefits for the economy without actually causing damage. Even though this school of thought stated, as mentioned by Beeton (2006b: pp.15) that when it was introduced in the 1980’s it elucidated that forms of this industry do cause damage to the economy yet not as much as they cause beneficial formulations. The knowledge-based platform of tourism verifies tourism on a whole and strives to formulate a scientific body of knowledge by keeping the four platforms intact. It can be expounded that Hawkins (2007: n.pg) truly verifies that the World Bank is aiming at the development of each of these platforms. DISCUSSION Tourism has been an artlessly adopted business strategy and this industry provides people the opportunity of touring various areas, along with many other services. Over the last couple of years the business of tourism has reached its climax as organizations and assemblages have grown to provide this service appreciably. It is due to the formulation that extended holidays are taken by people now, the art of voyages and pass through has become additionally recurrent and destinations which are to be attained are opted for by people to be farther away. An increase in the grounds for such an alteration and modification has been found to be due to increases in incomes, provision of payments for holidays, the development of transport facilities, and endowment of cheaper flights for people by budgeted airlines. Tourism as provided by O’Gorman’s (2009: pp.4) research elucidates that it continues to be more than just a business as it not only structures the knowledge of the people who are provided this service, but also represents the aesthetic sense of the set up that supplies it. There are a large number of other motives for which tourism has been considered accommodating, as Nagle (2010: pp. 29-49) has elaborated that for a large number of areas tourism has played a vital role in stabilizing the stances after civil violence due to which their economy and foreign relations were traumatized. Thus, the major role that was gained to be played by tourism since the 1990’s has diverted from just being in relation to money making; it is more for the betterment of the destabilized stances. According to Richards (2010: pp. 81) tourism also has affected the creativity of the functioning of societies. With the passage of time as the attention that is being provided to this industry has increased so have the efforts for the conservation of this industry, along with the environment and their relationship with each other. It is for the same reason that a large number of models have been presented on the basis of the development of the tourism system. Amongst some of these models lie outstanding ones like Weaver and Lawton’s model of tourism system, Miller's B-L-T Model of a Tourism System and Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s system of Tourism. The ground for the evaluation of the above provided theories has been laid on the fact that there are a large number of interrelated parts that work together in the industry of tourism for the achievement of common purposes. Thus, it is for the elaboration of the interdependency in tourism that tourism systems have been introduced in the form of various designs. Therefore, the purpose of tourism models is to help the readers or the people who are new to this field understand the “the big picture” and its comprehensiveness. The model presented by Miller has stated the idea of tourism as one with a sociological point of view. This presented the characterization of tourism as ‘The set up of an industry that both directly and indirectly targets the society from private as well as public point of view and formulation.’ Thus, this model has been looked upon from a sociological point of view. In accordance to the verification of this model, it has been validated that there is an interaction of three elements in the structure of tourism; these elements include the tourists, the locals, and the brokers at tourist destinations. Thus these three major components of tourism have been formulated by Miller’s model of the tourism system. The elaboration of Miller’s B-L-T (Brokers, Locals and Tourists) model as provided, stated that the visitors who have planned international or domestic trips for the purpose of accomplishing a combination of recreational, instrumental, and educational objectives are called as tourists. The second component of tourism includes people at destination areas who are long-tenured as they live or are employed outside the tourism sector whereas the third essential component to be stated is the group of broker; they plan relations that link tourists and locals by directly getting involved. Miller’s model of the tourism system further evaluated the two types of brokers who directly and indirectly affect the tourism system which reciprocally affects the economy. These include the private sector and the public sector brokers; the former being hotel employees, vendors, and guides have been characterized by having jobs of providing tourists with goods and services. The latter one on the other hand, are pointed up by city planners and politicians and their job is to provide designs, economic development, transportation, and other regulatory policies for protecting the interests of locals. Provided below is the diagram of Miller’s model of tourism system provide by Destination Recovery Services (2006: n.pg) In accordance to Weaver (2001: pp.73) the characterization of such a system of tourism has stated that it maintains an unspoiled natural environment as the impacts of the formulations are altered by both the sectors. Thus the findings elaborate that tourism destinations are affected by the number and proportion of tourists, locals, and brokers as they decide the phases of the economy and money enrollment. Jamal and Robinson (2009: pp.216) expounded the verification of this model of tourism as the representation of strategic management for social and natural environment is carried out. Thus this model explicated that in a system of tourism, the impacts of the tourists and the locals were not caused due to tourism formulations themselves, but due to the constraints that were engaged by the development of private and public brokers. This directly affected the social and natural environment negatively. Even though this model does not reject the engagement of these sectors of brokers into the tourism sector, it still manages to evaluate the reality of the nature of its impact through the constraints. Thus, the above elaboration has been further expanded by Og?uz, Kulekci? and Akpi?nar (2010: pp. 823) who say that enhanced planned tourism is important as it links together the people with the environment and affects them altogether. This provides us with the fact that tourism not only affects the environment and the people, it also alters their formulations. This is why they believe that there needs to be a planned assessment for the control of tourism activities in order to make sure that the alterations are being taken in the positive direction. Moreover, the nature and the social and natural aspects of tourism are interlinked as the commitment to tourism is modified by individuals. Many tourists stay and become locals, while others turn towards becoming active brokers, and on the other hand some locals become brokers. STATISTICS Statistics played a vital role in summarizing and simplifying hefty sums of numerical data formulations that were gained from the assessment; using statistics helped in drawing conclusions about the data that was gathered. As statistics is the discipline that examines data and calculates numerical estimates of "true" values, they didn’t prove anything and the estimates gained in the assessment were approximations that were normally presented in probabilistic terms along with some true values. Thus, the rule of ‘garbage in, garbage out’ was used in the verification of the assessment. In order to characterize the tourism composition and the conduction of conclusions to gain the changes in the rates of tours, both domestic and international, the only available limited sample was accessed. In accordance to Tourism QueensIsland (2010: pp.n.pg) it has been evaluated that on domestic tour system a downfall of 26% in the business has been seen. Whereas, when referred to that of the international tours it was noted that there has been a 27% increase which has caused various effects in the economic formulations. Hence, after these attainments it was provided that the "true" parameters of this aspect of business that has been evaluated and estimated by employing statistical methods on the increase and decrease were found. Thus, the assessments advanced that in accordance to the fall or rise in the visitors, holidays and VFR’s, there has been found a longitudinal difference in the provisions of both domestic and international tours. This provided that on an overall basis an increase spontaneous 64% of a fall has been noticed in the domestic tour formulations whereas, a 24-30% improvement or increase in the achievement of successful business attainment has been found. Yet, at many places it was gained that statistics may show a discrepancy based on time varying. References Beeton, S., 2006a. Community development through tourism. Victoria, Landlinks Press. Beeton, S., 2006b. Community development through tourism. Victoria, Landlinks Press. Destination Recovery Services, 2006. Model of a tourism system. [online] Available at: < http://www.destinationrecovery.com/tourismsystem.html > [Accessed 29 February, 2012]. Hawkins, D.E., 2007. The World Bank’s role in tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2), pp. 348–363. Jamal, T. and Robinson, M., 2009. The SAGE handbook of tourism studies. London, SAGE. Nagle, J., 2010. Between Trauma and Healing: Tourism and Neoliberal Peace-Building in Divided Societies. Journeys, 11(1), pp. 29-49. O’Gorman, K.D., 2009. Review of ’Philosophical Issues in Tourism: Aspects of Tourism’. [pdf] Available at: < http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/8079/2/strathprints008079.pdf>. Og?uz, D., Kulekci?, O.C. and Akpi?nar, N., 2010. The Contribution of Thermal Sources to Tourism Development: A Case Study from C?Ankiri C?Avundur, Turkey. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(8), pp. 819-825. Richards, G., 2010. Metropolitan Tourism: Competition, Collaboration and Creativity. Asia Pacific World, 1(1), pp. 75-94. Weaver, D.B., 2001. The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. London, CABI. Tourism Queensland, 2010. White Sunday’s Regional Snapshot. [online] Available at: < https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=gmail&attid=0.1&thid=135c3db9ddf37b0c&mt=application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document&url=https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui%3D2%26ik%3D8fecdee150%26view%3Datt%26th%3D135c3db9ddf37b0c%26attid%3D0.1%26disp%3Dsafe%26zw&sig=AHIEtbSLCW89PGhPl0zXivaENic-O2wD9g> [Accessed 29 February, 2012]. Read More