Analysis about the Charity Donation Situation for the Public Relations Department of Jaguar - Coursework Example

Running Head: BUSINESS STATISTICS ASSIGNMENT Business Statistics Assignment Name of Student Name of Course Course Instructor Date Business Statistics Assignment Introduction In this report, we conduct the analysis about the charity donation situation for the Public Relations Department of Jaguar. The data has been collected through a research survey and it has been compiled in the excel spreadsheet and we would conduct statistical analysis to determine the effectiveness of the charity donation for the corporate social responsibility concerns of the company. A range of tests have been performed to analyze the collected data[Che16]. Descriptive Statistics First, we have calculated the frequencies of three key variables that are funds donated for medical research, funds donated to children and place from where the donations have been collected[Dod032]. These are interpreted as follows: Frequencies Statistics MedicalResearch DonatetoKidsResearch Place N Valid 231 231 231 Missing 0 0 0 Frequency Table MedicalResearch Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 0 157 68.0 68.0 68.0 1 74 32.0 32.0 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Among the 231 participants, only 32% donate for medical research purposes and the remaining 68% donate for other purposes. This shows that majority participants value to deliver foe medical purposes rather than for the other purposes. DonatetoKidsResearch Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 0 148 64.1 64.1 64.1 1 83 35.9 35.9 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Among the 231 participants, only 35.9% donate the charity to the children and the remaining 64.1% donate for other purposes. Place Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 93 40.3 40.3 40.3 2 81 35.1 35.1 75.3 3 57 24.7 24.7 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 If we look at the frequencies of the place variable, then the highest donation has been collected from Coventry followed by Warwick and then Wolverhampton. After this, we have generated descriptive statistics, for different important variables such as the money donated and the other five variables that measure feelings of uplift, ethical beliefs, genuine concern, helping and affordability[Dod032]. These are interpreted as follows: Statistics MoneyDonated N Valid 231 Missing 0 Mean 3.10 Median 2.00 Mode 2 Std. Deviation 2.088 Variance 4.360 Minimum 1 Maximum 9 The mean score for the Money Donated variable is 3 approximately which means that the average money donated by the 231 participants is around 6 pounds. Majority of the participants have paid 1 pound, which is shown by the mode value above, and the frequency shown in the table below: MoneyDonated Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 50 21.6 21.6 21.6 2 73 31.6 31.6 53.2 3 42 18.2 18.2 71.4 4 11 4.8 4.8 76.2 5 18 7.8 7.8 84.0 6 17 7.4 7.4 91.3 7 9 3.9 3.9 95.2 8 4 1.7 1.7 97.0 9 7 3.0 3.0 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Next, the feelings uplifted variable has a mean of 4.46, which means that the respondents feel uplifted when they help others for worthy causes[Che16]. The frequency also shows that majority of the respondents have indicated a rating of 5 which means they agree that they agree with the above statement. Frequencies Statistics FeelingUplifted N Valid 231 Missing 0 Mean 4.46 Median 5.00 Mode 5 Std. Deviation 1.771 Variance 3.137 Minimum 1 Maximum 7 FeelingUplifted Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 16 6.9 6.9 6.9 2 20 8.7 8.7 15.6 3 30 13.0 13.0 28.6 4 44 19.0 19.0 47.6 5 59 25.5 25.5 73.2 6 20 8.7 8.7 81.8 7 42 18.2 18.2 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Next, the ethical variable has a mean of 3.95, which is approximately equal to 4. It means that the respondents feel that giving charitable donations is in line with their ethical and religious beliefs. The frequency also shows that majority of the respondents have indicated a rating of 1 which means that majority of them disagree with the above statement. Statistics EthicalBeliefs N Valid 231 Missing 0 Mean 3.95 Median 4.00 Mode 1 Std. Deviation 2.248 Variance 5.054 Minimum 1 Maximum 7 EthicalBeliefs Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 59 25.5 25.5 25.5 2 21 9.1 9.1 34.6 3 13 5.6 5.6 40.3 4 32 13.9 13.9 54.1 5 33 14.3 14.3 68.4 6 31 13.4 13.4 81.8 7 42 18.2 18.2 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Next, the trust concern variable has a mean of 5.41, which is approximately equal to 5.5. It means that the respondents feel that they are genuinely concerned about the particular causes that they support[Dod032]. The frequency also shows that majority of the respondents have indicated a rating of 7 which means that majority of them agree with the above statement. Frequencies Statistics TrueConcerns N Valid 231 Missing 0 Mean 5.41 Median 6.00 Mode 7 Std. Deviation 1.811 Variance 3.278 Minimum 1 Maximum 7 TrueConcerns Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 16 6.9 6.9 6.9 2 8 3.5 3.5 10.4 3 10 4.3 4.3 14.7 4 23 10.0 10.0 24.7 5 36 15.6 15.6 40.3 6 50 21.6 21.6 61.9 7 88 38.1 38.1 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Next, the help world variable has a mean of 4.33, which is approximately equal to 4. It means that the respondents help other by giving them donations to make the world a better place to live. The frequency also shows that majority of the respondents have indicated a rating of 4 which means that majority of them agree with the above statement. Frequencies Statistics HelpWorld N Valid 231 Missing 0 Mean 4.33 Median 4.00 Mode 4 Std. Deviation 1.988 Variance 3.952 Minimum 1 Maximum 7 HelpWorld Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 31 13.4 13.4 13.4 2 21 9.1 9.1 22.5 3 20 8.7 8.7 31.2 4 46 19.9 19.9 51.1 5 37 16.0 16.0 67.1 6 34 14.7 14.7 81.8 7 42 18.2 18.2 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Next, the affordable variable has a mean of 3.61, which is approximately equal to 4. It means that they have the money to pay for charity. The frequency shows that majority of the respondents have indicated a rating of 1 which means that majority of them do not have enough money to pay charity. Frequencies Statistics Affordable N Valid 231 Missing 0 Mean 3.61 Median 3.00 Mode 1 Std. Deviation 2.021 Variance 4.083 Minimum 1 Maximum 7 Affordable Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 48 20.8 20.8 20.8 2 31 13.4 13.4 34.2 3 39 16.9 16.9 51.1 4 43 18.6 18.6 69.7 5 15 6.5 6.5 76.2 6 26 11.3 11.3 87.4 7 29 12.6 12.6 100.0 Total 231 100.0 100.0 Summary of Descriptive Statistics Minority of the donations made by the participants are for the medical research purposes and similarly minority of the total 231 participants also donate for the children and the young people. The highest number of donations are received from Coventry and the mean amount of money donated by all the participants is pound 6 and the most repetitive charity payment is pound 1. The donations are motivated by the feelings of uplift of the participants more than their ethical or religious beliefs. This shows that religion does not tend to have a significant impact on the participants motivation for giving charity. Majority of the participants agree with the fact that they deliver because of the trust concerns and they are more concerned about making this world a better place to live in. As compared to trust concerns, less number of the people agree with the fact that they want to help to make this world a better place to live in. Not all the participants are affordable to pay charity to the other people as the mean score for this variable is low. Overall, it is the inner feeling of the participants that encourages and motivates them the most to pay charity to the poor people. One Sample T Tests Two one-sample t tests have been performed[Mar02]. The two variables on which one sample t test has been performed are help the world and true concerns variable. The hypothesis for the first one sample t test is as follows: Ho: Respondents do not pay charity to make the world a better place to live in. H1: Respondents pay charity to make the world a better place to live in. The test value for the t test is selected to be 4. Since, the significant value is less than 0.05 therefore; we conclude that the respondents pay charity to make the world a better place to live in. The results of the test are significant. However, the helping variable had a low mean score as discussed in the first question. But despite the low score, helping others to make this world a better place to live in is important factor for giving the charity. 1. One sample T- test T-Test One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean HelptheWorld 231 4.33 1.988 .131 One-Sample Test Test Value = 4.0 T df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper HelptheWorld 2.515 230 .013 .329 .07 .59 The hypothesis for the second one sample t test is as follows: Ho: Respondents are not concerned about the particular causes that they support. H1: Respondents are concerned about the particular causes that they support. The test value for the t test is selected to be 4. Since, the significant value is less than 0.05 therefore; we conclude that respondents are concerned about the particular causes that they support. The results of the test are significant. The respondents are affected by the causes for which they are paying the charity such as making this world a better place to live in. 2. One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean TrueConcerns 231 5.41 1.811 .119 One-Sample Test Test Value = 4.0 T df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper TrueConcerns 11.847 230 .000 1.411 1.18 1.65 Independent Sample T Tests Next, we have performed the independent sample t tests. The first independent sample t test has been performed between medical research and feeling uplifted variable[Fay10]. The results and the interpretation of the first independent sample t test is shown below: H0: The feeling of uplift did not differed among the respondents based on whether the respondents donated for medical research or not H1: the feeling of uplift differed among the respondents based on whether the respondents donated for medical research or not 1. Independent sample t-test T-Test Group Statistics MedicalResearch N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean FeelingUplited 1 74 4.70 1.524 .177 0 157 4.35 1.870 .149 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. T df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper FeelingUplited Equal variances assumed 8.922 .003 1.414 229 .159 .352 .249 -.139 .843 Equal variances not assumed 1.521 172.750 .130 .352 .232 -.105 .810 Since, the p value of the independent sample t test is greater than the level of significance of 0.05, therefore, we conclude that the feeling of uplift did not differed among the respondents based on whether the respondents donated for medical research or not. The feelings of uplift remained same. In other words, the feeling of uplift has a high mean score and majority of the respondents agree with it but it is not the only factor due to which the respondents paid money for the medical research purposes[Dod032]. The second independent sample t test has been performed between medical research as dependent variable and true concerns as independent variable. The interpretation has been performed below: T-Test Ho: Genuine concerns of the respondents for supporting particular causes did not differed among the respondents based on whether the respondents donated for medical research or not H1: Genuine concerns of the respondents for supporting particular causes differed among the respondents based on whether the respondents donated for medical research or not Group Statistics MedicalResearch N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean TrueConcerns 1 74 5.91 1.305 .152 0 157 5.18 1.966 .157 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper TrueConcerns Equal variances assumed 15.449 .000 2.893 229 .004 .727 .251 .232 1.222 Equal variances not assumed 3.331 203.656 .001 .727 .218 .297 1.157 Since, the p value of the independent sample t test is less than the level of significance of 0.05, therefore, we conclude that genuine concerns of the respondents for supporting particular causes differed among the respondents based on whether the respondents donated for medical research or not[Fay10]. The true concerns did not remain same. Therefore, the genuine concerns matter a lot to the respondents. One-Way ANOVA Tests We have performed two One Way ANOVA tests, the first test has been performed for affordability based on place and then ethical beliefs based on the place[McC03]. Onaway The first one way ANOVA has been performed between place and affordability. Ho: Affordability of the respondents to pay charity did not differ significantly with respect to their place of donation H1: Affordability of the respondents to pay charity differ significantly with respect to their place of donation ANOVA Affordable Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 11.302 2 5.651 1.389 .252 Within Groups 927.849 228 4.070 Total 939.152 230 The results of the for test above show that the affordability of the respondents to pay charity did not differ significantly with respect to their place of donation. The sig value is greater than 0.05, which is the level of significance. Although, Coventry residents paid higher donations but still the donations are approximately same from all the three places. Onaway Ho: Ethical beliefs for paying the charity of the respondents did not differed significantly with respect to their place of donation H1: Ethical beliefs for paying the charity of the respondents differed significantly with respect to their place of donation ANOVA EthicalBeliefs Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 39.703 2 19.851 4.031 .019 Within Groups 1122.773 228 4.924 Total 1162.476 230 The results of the above test show that the ethical beliefs for paying the charity of the respondents differed significantly with respect to their place of donation. The sig value is lower than 0.05, which is the level of significance as shown above[McC03]. This means that people in Coventry might be more strong with respect to their ethical and religious beliefs as compared to the people in other places. Chi Square Tests The chi square tests have been performed between different sets of variables to determine the significance between two categorical variables[For14]. The first test has been applied between donate to kids and the place variable. The results are interpreted below: Ho: There is insignificant association between the place of donation and donation to the kids. H1: There is significant association between the place of donation and donation to the kids. Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent DonateToKidsResearch * Place 231 100.0% 0 0.0% 231 100.0% DonateToKidsResearch * Place Cross tabulation Count Place Total 1 2 3 DonateToKidsResearch 0 77 40 31 148 1 16 41 26 83 Total 93 81 57 231 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 24.078a 2 .000 Likelihood Ratio 25.443 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 15.757 1 .000 N of Valid Cases 231 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 20.48. If we look at the Pearson Chi Square P value then this value is 0.000, which is lower than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that there is significant association between the place of donation and donation to the kids. Again this can be connected to the ethical beliefs or the religious beliefs of the respondents. Crosstabs Ho: There is insignificant association between the place of donation and donation made for medical research purposes H1: There is significant association between the place of donation and donation made for medical research purposes Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent MedicalResearch * Place 231 100.0% 0 0.0% 231 100.0% MedicalResearch * Place Crosstabulation Count Place Total 1 2 3 MedicalResearch 0 67 58 32 157 1 26 23 25 74 Total 93 81 57 231 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.864a 2 .088 Likelihood Ratio 4.707 2 .095 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.513 1 .061 N of Valid Cases 231 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.26. If we look at the Pearson Chi Square P value then this value is 0.088, which is higher than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that there is insignificant association between the place of donation and donation made for medical research purposes. This also confirms with our previous findings. Linear Regression Analysis Lastly, we have generated two different linear regression models. Before applying the models, we have checked whether the regression model meets the assumptions or not. These assumptions are as follows[War111]: The dependent variable for the linear regression models is the true concerns and help the world variable. These variables are measured at scale level which is the first assumption for this model. The second assumption stems from the requirement of having two or more variables which are independent variables for formulating a multiple regression model and these must be measured at either scale, ordinal or nominal variable. Thus, all of the independent variables are measured at scale and there are no variables which are measured at either nominal or ordinal level[Dav091]. The third assumption relates to the independence of the errors associated with one observation or the independent variable with the other observation or the independent variables. The requirement of having the acceptable range for this statistic to be 0-is sustained. The fourth assumption relates to the issue of multi-collinearity, in regards to the correlation between two or more independent variables or the predictor variables. This requirement is assumed to hold true[For14]. Finally, there are outliers that are also considered in the data set, which is also one of the important assumptions for formulating the regression models[War111]. The first model takes help the world as dependent variable and feeling uplifted as the independent variable. The results and interpretation of this model is as follows: Ho: Helping the world is not dependent upon feeling of uplift H1: Helping the world is dependent upon feeling of uplift Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .533a .284 .281 1.685 a. Predictors: (Constant), FeelingUplited The correlation between the feeling of uplift and helping the world is 53.3% and the percentage variation in helping the world because of the feeling of uplift is 28.1%. This dependency is significant as the P value of the F test is less than 0.05 as shown in the ANOVA table below: ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 258.440 1 258.440 90.973 .000b Residual 650.556 229 2.841 Total 908.996 230 a. Dependent Variable: HelptheWorld b. Predictors: (Constant), FeelingUplited If the feeling of uplift increases by 1 point then the respondents help for making this world a better place increases by 0.599 points as shown in the table below: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.658 .301 5.503 .000 FeelingUplited .599 .063 .533 9.538 .000 a. Dependent Variable: HelptheWorld The feelings of uplift is the core factor that motivates the respondents to pay charity for helping the world to make it a better place to live in[War111]. The second linear regression model has been generated by taking true concern as the dependent variable and ethical belief as the independent variable. The results and interpretation are shown below: Ho: True concern is not dependent upon ethical beliefs H1: True concern is dependent upon ethical beliefs Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .468a .219 .216 1.60309 a. Predictors: (Constant), EthicalBeliefs The correlation between the true concern of the causes that respondents support and their ethical beliefs is 46.8% and the percentage variation in true concern as a result of ethical or religious beliefs is 21.6%. This dependency is significant as the P value of the F test is less than 0.05 as shown in the ANOVA table below: ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 165.425 1 165.425 64.371 .000b Residual 588.505 229 2.570 Total 753.931 230 a. Dependent Variable: TrueConcerns b. Predictors: (Constant), EthicalBeliefs If the ethical beliefs of respondents increases by 1 point then the respondents concern for making this world a better place to live increases by 0.377 points as shown in the table below: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 3.920 .214 18.347 .000 EthicalBeliefs .377 .047 .468 8.023 .000 a. Dependent Variable: TrueConcerns Conclusion Overall, based on the entire statistical analysis performed in this report we conclude that the feelings of uplift or the satisfaction of the people is the primary factor for paying the donations or charity for the special causes that they support. Moreover, the religious beliefs and the ethical beliefs of the people differ with respect to their areas of donation or places of donation. The public relation department of Jaguar needs to motivate all of its employees to pay donation for helping others to make this world a better place to live in. Furthermore, the management of the company needs to measure the effectiveness of its CSR initiatives and the impact they have on the overall performance of the company. References Che16: , (Chekanov, 2016), Dod032: , (Dodge, 2003), Mar02: , (Markowski, 2002), Fay10: , (Fay, 2010), McC03: , (McCabe, 2003), For14: , (Foreman, 2014), War111: , (Warne, 2011), Dav091: , (Freedman, 2009), Appendices Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent DonateToKidsResearch * Place 231 100.0% 0 0.0% 231 100.0% Symmetric Measures Value Approximate Significance Nominal by Nominal Phi .323 .000 Cramer's V .323 .000 N of Valid Cases 231 Crosstabs Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent MedicalResearch * Place 231 100.0% 0 0.0% 231 100.0% Symmetric Measures Value Approximate Significance Nominal by Nominal Phi .145 .088 Cramer's V .145 .088 N of Valid Cases 231 Regression Variables Entered/Removeda Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 FeelingUplitedb . Enter a. Dependent Variable: HelptheWorld b. All requested variables entered. Regression Variables Entered/Removeda Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 EthicalBeliefsb . Enter a. Dependent Variable: TrueConcerns b. All requested variables entered. Read More