Statistical analysis - use SPSS - Essay Example

Statistical Analysis College: Hypothesis There is no statistically significant difference in fruit available and fruit availablein convenient portions between fuel stations based in Hertfrodshire and middlesex
For the first hypothesis, it is seen that 2 samples were used. The samples were obtained from different individuals not matched. In this case the required test here is independent sample t-test
Null hypothesis: H0: µ Hertfrodshire = µ middlesex
Alternative hypothesis: µ Hertfrodshire ≠ µ middlesex
µ is considered to be mean number of participants that were not matched
This is a 2 tailed hypothesis because of the phrase difference (Vogt, 2011).
The alpha level is 0.05
The t value was calculated as illustrated in the next section
Table 1
Descriptive statistics for each group (middlesex and Hertfrodshire)
VAR00006
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
VAR00005
1.00
4
56.0000
35.07136
17.53568
2.00
4
44.2500
21.09305
10.54652
Table 2
Independent Samples Test
Levenes Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
VAR00005
Equal variances assumed
.961
.365
.574
6
.587
11.75000
20.46287
-38.32085
61.82085
Equal variances not assumed
.574
4.919
.591
11.75000
20.46287
-41.11239
64.61239
If p ≤ α, then the null hypothesis should be rejected. For our case, 0.587 is seen to be not less or equal to 0.05.Therefore, we are forced to reject the null hypothesis. We can conclude that there is no statistically significant difference in fruit available and fruit available in convenient portions between fuel stations based in Hertfrodshire and middlesex
Hypothesis 2
There is no significant statistical difference in fruit available and fruit available in convenient portions between total and total small fuel stations
The required test here is independent sample t-test
Null hypothesis: H0: µ Small = µ Large
Alternative hypothesis: µSmall ≠ µLarge
µ is considered to be mean number of participants that were not matched
The alpha level is 0.05
The t value was calculated as illustrated in the next section
Table 3
Descriptive statistics for each group (Total small and Total large)
VAR00008
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
VAR00007
1.00
4
50.0000
42.39497
21.19748
2.00
4
48.2500
28.96406
14.48203
Table 4
Independent Samples Test
Levenes Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
VAR00007
Equal variances assumed
.557
.484
.068
6
.948
1.75000
25.67221
-61.06764
64.56764
Equal variances not assumed
.068
5.300
.948
1.75000
25.67221
-63.13620
66.63620
If p ≤ α, then the null hypothesis should be rejected (Field, 2013). According to the results, 0.948 is not less or equal to 0.05.Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. We therefore conclude that there is no statistically significant difference in fruit available and fruit available in convenient portions between total and total small fuel stations
Hypothesis 3
There is no significant statistical difference in fruit and fruit available in convenient portions between fuel stations classified as mainstream and local and independent shops
Table 5
Descriptive statistics
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
mainstream
13.00
1
.0000
.
.
.
.
.00
.00
44.00
1
78.0000
.
.
.
.
78.00
78.00
69.00
1
11.0000
.
.
.
.
11.00
11.00
86.00
1
86.0000
.
.
.
.
86.00
86.00
Total
4
43.7500
44.51498
22.25749
-27.0833
114.5833
.00
86.00
Local
13.00
1
.0000
.
.
.
.
.00
.00
44.00
1
33.0000
.
.
.
.
33.00
33.00
69.00
1
67.0000
.
.
.
.
67.00
67.00
86.00
1
100.0000
.
.
.
.
100.00
100.00
Total
4
50.0000
43.11999
21.55999
-18.6135
118.6135
.00
100.00
As indicated in the table above, for every dependent variable, the output results indicate the minimum, sample size, standard deviation and confidence interval for each of the independent variables
Table 6
ANOVA
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Mainstream
Between Groups
5944.750
3
1981.583
0.00
0.00
Within Groups
.000
0
0.
Total
5944.750
3
Local
Between Groups
5578.000
3
1859.333
0.00
0.00
Within Groups
.000
0
0.
Total
5578.000
3
The degree of freedom as indicated in the above table is observed to be 3 and it is between groups degree of freedom, 3 is observed to be degrees of freedom within groups. The F column shows F ratio of 0.0.The p value is observed to be 0.0. In regards to the decision of either accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis, we see that the p value is 0.0 and this indicates that it is less than 0.05.Therefore; we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is significant statistical difference in fruit and fruit available in convenient portions between fuel stations classified as mainstream and local and independent shops.
References
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using SPSS (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Vogt, W. P. (2011). Dictionary of statistics and methodology: A nontechnical guide for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Read More