The Society of Plastic Surgeons - Case Study Example

Name Instructor Course Date Gender: Соsmеtiс Surgery Introduction Many people may wonder on the existing connection between Barbie and body image, but before comprehending this connection first, it is important to note that Barbie was initial based on German adult gaga gift escort doll known as Lilli. It is clear that Lilli by then was not an Olympian gymnast, dentist or a peace ambassador neither was Barbie a toy for small girls. Barbie played the role of a comic strip character referred to as Bild Lilli and got a life by seducing wealthy male suitors. As a result, parents did not consider the doll appropriate for children and was always described as being discreet. Back to the connection between Barbie and body image issue and it is clear, for instance in America the average girl at the age of 3 to 11 years owns numerous Barbie dolls. As a result, the average girls in America grows up surrounded by Barbie body image. Therefore, the impacts of Barbie and body image deepens into them. These dolls teach children certain aspects about the world such as it is desirable to be thin, white and blonde. This may motivate children and girls in particular to strive to achieve un realistic body image, color and other body completions. This form of motivation is evident from the increasing rate of cosmetic surgery being done on both gender today. Cosmetic surgery has been receiving a growing rate in popularity that is fuelled by a culture of youthful attractiveness that is unprecedented by TV makeover programs and an affluence .In a country like the US in 2004 only almost 9 million procedures were performed by doctors. Some of these procedures involved, breast augmentations, liposuction and tummy tucks. Cosmetic surgery was once a province of celebrities, but today it is a procedure that is within the reach of everyone (Frederick, Lever, and Peplau, 1409). According to critics cosmetic surgery does not make undesirable overemphasis on a person's physical appearance, however, it is also regarded as potentially dangerous. In addition, there is no federal or state laws that clearly states qualified professionals who can perform the procedure although there are those that have confirmed to have started instituting restrictions. Some other critics are based on the fact that there are those that opt these surgeries carried out in private offices and clinics which can potentially be less equipped compared to hospitals in case of an emergency (Frederick, Lever, and Peplau, 1413). However, the popularity of this cosmetic surgery has been increased due to social acceptance of body modification, Despite of this developing ubiquity of restorative surgery almost no is known regarding the gender that is most interested in it and why. As a result this paper seeks to examine how gender and other factors such as age body fat and other investments in a person’s appearance are connected with cosmetic surgery interest. Existing research The sudden increase in cosmetic surgery procedures over the last decade has been linked with an excessively complex figure of female patients who looked for these medications. According to the society of plastic surgeons 2009, a total of cosmetic procedure that were performed between 1992 and 2009 increased by 882 percent in the US only with more than 10 billion dollars paid out on these procedures. This growth is in these procedures has not been limited to the United States only, but the British Association of Aesthetic and plastic surgeons 2009, reported that the surgical procedures done in the UK between 2003 and 2008 were more than triple. In these two westernized regions 91% of these procedures are done on women while only a total of 9% is performed on men (ASPS).The implication is that a huge figure of women are interested in cosmetic surgery may be due to increased pressure about their look or just interest to change their appearance with an aim of collect an existing or emerging defect such as ageing wrinkles. Men although have been confirmed to be interested in these practices they participation percentage is still very low. Additionally, depletion of economic resources among women this increased rate of ladies that are experiencing restorative surgery is an upsetting figure having in mind the numerous consequences that are connected with these strategies. These perils are outstanding among the cosmetic surgery experts, however, the general population is almost conversant of these dangers. Some of these include: deadly infections, chronic pain, sensation loss, and amputation, difficulties in cancer detection, suicide and death (ASPS). A collection of Interpersonal and intrapersonal factors have been linked to people’s approaches when it comes to cosmetic surgery such as a negative body formation or image , appearance on the basis of self-esteem,, personality traits, and other factors emanating from mediated experiences with cosmetic surgery (Swami et al). Theoretical perspective The constructions a person’s body and in particular that of a woman has been discussed by feminist precisely from social and cultural context in order to determine the view that women’s body receive, evaluation and treatment. According to the objectification theory that was proposed by Fredrickson and Roberts, it considers the sexual objectification of a ladies' body in the developed social orders as a full scale arrange that results into a progression of negative small scale level values that emerges among women in a disproportional high rate. The occurrence of sexual objectification takes place any time a woman is treated or even reduced to an assortment of body parts accessible for sexual use. Women who consider themselves as public figures in most cases are forced to change their appearance to try and remain on top of these personalities and in other cases try to collect some defects that they feel in one or the other does not look attractive (Steer, and Tiggemann, 205). According to this theory, sexual objectification is a main player especially in two areas the definite interpersonal and social encounters. As a result, this standpoint forces or persuades women and young ladies to put expanded accentuation on their physical appearance due to these sexual objectification procedures and are forced to adopt an outside observational point of view on their bodies. This implies that they end up treating themselves as object to be evaluated and taken a gander at. This appropriation of an exact vantage point on self, implied as self-generalization approaches ladies to self-monitor their bodies frequently with the expectation of being evaluated on the basis of their appearance. Typically this engagement in endless body nursing is a shared behavioral sign of self-objectification. Having in mind the economic and social rewards that women or even some men that they earn based on their physical attractiveness and in a push to adapt to endless external weights to meet excellence goals they encounter externalized associations with their own particular bodies as self-objectification and self-observation. Women focus a lot on their appearance and other parties in the society especially men are also concerned with the look on women as well. There is a great number of women who are going out cosmetic surgery with an aim of increasing romantic attention from men (Szymanski, and Henning, 45-53). In the case of men who go out for cosmetic surgery it is either based on self-esteem maybe due to the nature of work that they do. The objectification theory intended focus is on explicating the sexual and self-externalization results for ladies' lived encounters. Empirical studies have clearly showed that both interactive forms and media related to sexual objectification are the key contributors to self-objectification. Furthermore, studies conducted on women in North America, UK an Australia indicates that concomitant of self-surveillance and self-objectification exacts costs on the well-being of women as well as the cognitive performance where there is a great prevalence of self-harming behavior. Discussion The literature clearly confirms that women are increasingly concerned with their attractiveness compared to men. This implies the attractiveness impacts on a person’s treatment and perceive from others. There is considerable pressure excreted on women to look attractive and young (Sarwer, et al. 931-938). As a result, it is increasingly likely that women will express increased interest to receive cosmetic surgery compared to men mainly those procedures that are aimed at youth appearance restoration such as eyelid surgery, liposuction among others (Sarwer, et al. 931-938). In addition, added pressure can be experienced among older women to seek for cosmetic surgery due to the feeling that they are in competition with the younger women when it comes to attractiveness of their present or potential romantic partners. Individuals that go out in search of cosmetic surgery have no difference with other non-patients in body satisfaction, but these ones have a likely of expressing dissatisfaction in certain precise body parts that are surgery targets. There are numerous aspects of body image that can be linked to the desire of cosmetic surgery (Mercurio, and Landry, 458-466). These issue can found among both genders. One of them is cosmetic procedures are directed liposuction and can be identified with world body disappointment instead of to site-particular disappointment due to fat distribution in the body into numerous regions of the body such as hips, arms thighs among others. Appearance orientation can also be linked with interest for this form of surgery and can be used to measure the extent individuals place on their looks and attention drawn towards appearance (Mercurio, and Landry, 458-466). This make reasonable to argue that people who contribute on their physical appearance are probably going to report expanded enthusiasm for cosmetic surgery strategies. The rate of ladies coveting cosmetic surgery will undoubtedly increment with age and other similar aspects. The percentage of cosmetic surgery based on numerous aspects such as interest among women and men across lifespan, interest of the surgery in respect to body mass index, body image and satisfaction is seen to be high in women compared to men. A large number of adults between the age of 18 to 65 shows that cosmetic surgery interest is widespread. There is consistency with the possibility that ladies are under expanded pressure contrasted with men in achieving the current thoughts of beauty and slimness, more ladies than men in most of the studies conducted in this area are seen to express a lot of interest in cosmetic procedures and liposuction than men (ASPS). However, there is also a small percentage of men who express interest in these body transformation processes. When it comes to age women are the most interested in these process, but the case of liposuction can fall between both genders where heavier individuals would be interest to change this formation especially those who are not satisfied with their weight. This research ascertains that women in most aspects outnumber men between actual cosmetic surgery patients’ in terms of interest and actually being involved in these processes. A lot is known in regard to women undertaking these procedures, but not the same case to men. Therefore, research should dig deeper into the issue and identify reasons that inhibit men from being in a position to pursue cosmetic surgery (Frederick, Peplau, and Lever, 413-419). Body image and index are also related with concern with liposuction therefore it would be beneficial to revise some prevailing measures with the goal that they survey both enthusiasm for particular techniques and general enthusiasm for cosmetic surgery. At long last, it is important to assess cosmetic surgery interest especially when making a comparison between cosmetic surgery patients to control groups of non-cosmetic surgery patients, a few of whom may basically likewise be pulled in surgery. Although there is an increasing interest on cosmetic surgery which has also become easy to access the professionals should try and make sure that a patients safety is given priority (Frederick, Peplau, and Lever, 413-419).The principles that guides cosmetic surgeries must be followed and the state and federal governments should develop some rules to govern this growing practice. This will ensure protection to both genders whom this research has confirmed are involved in the practice although the highest prevalence is among the females. It is imperative to note that the number of women that have indicated or have been involved in these procedures has continued to increase the same number when it comes to men might as well rise although at a reduced rate compared to that of women. Conclusion It is clear that the rate of cosmetic surgery has increased where social acceptance, disposal income and medical advancements prompt an emotional increment in the cosmetic surgery market. Clients for these systems are men and ladies who looks to enhance their mental self-image and in addition individual fulfillment through surgery. Women have increased interest in these procedures compared to men and as cosmetic procedure increase it can have both positive and negative effects on people. An individual's self-esteem, self-perception and certainty can increase drastically, however these procedures are not an enduring solution. People are seen to go for these procedures to fix some aspects they deem not right in their bodies , but the big question is in case they seek these services and fail to solve their problems instead make them worse , will there be a way out form the procedure again. The clearest thing is that the society is accepting its increase and the public is becoming informed as well, but all necessary procedure and measures should be taken to make sure that profit orientation among the experts does not act as the driving force of these procedures. Reference List Frederick, David A., Janet Lever, and Letitia Anne Peplau. "Interest in cosmetic surgery and body image: Views of men and women across the lifespan." Plastic and reconstructive surgery 120.5 (2007): 1407-1415. Frederick, David A., Letitia Anne Peplau, and Janet Lever. "The swimsuit issue: Correlates of body image in a sample of 52,677 heterosexual adults."Body Image 3.4 (2006): 413-419. Mercurio, Andrea E., and Laura J. Landry. "Self-objectification and well-being: The impact of self-objectification on women’s overall sense of self-worth and life satisfaction." Sex Roles 58.7-8 (2008): 458-466. Sarwer, David B., et al. "Female college students and cosmetic surgery: An investigation of experiences, attitudes, and body image." Plastic and reconstructive surgery 115.3 (2005): 931-938. Steer, Amy, and Marika Tiggemann. "The role of self-objectification in women's sexual functioning." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 27.3 (2008): 205. Szymanski, Dawn M., and Stacy L. Henning. "The role of self-objectification in women’s depression: A test of objectification theory." Sex Roles 56.1-2 (2007): 45-53. Force, APA Task. "Report of the APA task Force on the sexualization of girls. Washington DC: American Psychological association." (2007). American Society of Plastic Surgerons. 2009 report of the 2008 statistics: National clearinghouse of plastic surgery statistics (2009). Read More