The Dynamic Metropolis - Assignment Example

The Dynamic Metropolis Question Infrastructure This can be termed as a permanent installationor an underlying foundation of features of a system or an organization in a place, city, state or region. It can also be referred as facilities and systems which are used in serving a region or location. This can be transportation, communication systems among others. Infrastructure can relate to a building, equipment or personnel in a region. An example can be schools, factories, roads used in the economic growth of a region. Infrastructure helps in making work easier which will lead to a city’s growth. The city’s growth is mostly determined by the infrastructure without which it is quite chaotic and slow.1 Social Capital This refers to institutions, norms and relationships that lead to a formation of a better society and improve social interaction between individuals. It is the social relations that have are productive in a given society as it refers to the social networking among same people leading to bonding among individuals in an area. Social relationship is important as it leads to a growing economy this is because socialization leads to a better understanding of things like the economy, society among others. This assists in building the economic growth, communities and the society to commit themselves to each other. This includes bonding social capital, bridging social capital social capital and linking social capital. A better social factor in the city among people leads to an economic growth as they are informed on what’s happening around the city. 2 Skyscraper This is a tall building with many floors which is continuous for habiting functions. It is mainly designed for commercial and office use. It does not have a defined height or the number of floors but we can use an example of a steel framework or even timber.3 They use the tubular design to enable skyscrapers be stronger and bigger. An example is the Burj Khalifa building which is huge and incredibly tall. The skyscrapers are usually found in most of big cities made with an exceptional height increasing the number of structures. This is one way of identifying a mega polis as such buildings are important for commercial benefit. Cities in different regions have different types of skyscrapers either for entertainment, manufacturing or also for living. Gentrification This can be compared with urban gentrification as it refers to changes that occur when wealthier individuals earn or acquire property in low waged and working communities. It is an increase in one thing and a decrease in the other this can be taken by the example of a community undergoing gentrification whereby there is an increase in income and the family size decreases.4 In cities it can be seen to leading to the less fortunate people be eradicated leading to poverty but also improves on the city’s growth thus changing the character of the city .There will be the development in cities as the houses and stores are bought and in deterioration to urban neighborhoods by upper or middle class. Question 2: Impact of Networks and Infrastructure in the making of a Metropolitan This system aided in the movement of people from one place to another. Through improved transportation system like the air transport it facilitated growth in cities. There was trade as there was the exchange of goods and services to which led to development of cities. The air transport improved the transport of perishable goods improving the city’s productivity. This also led to rural-urban migration.5 The emergence of political parties led to the emergence of borders. There were boundaries in various parts of the country. Through politics most of the people wanted to be leaders improving the city’s economy. This is through the development of buildings and better machines which are used or were used in the development of the cities. They led to the maintenance of law and order. The Metropolitan police led to people being at a central point and used authorities in prosecuting those were against the country’s laws. They punished and prosecuting the offenders. The second metropolitan police Act was in 1839 for its continuation of its existence thereby extending their jurisdiction.6 The act abolished the post of the employment of the old magistrates’ office. Through law and order cities were able to develop as there were no crimes which would terrify individuals. Through the police force most of the city’s economy managed to put up building that is infrastructure trade improved among people from different ethnic regions. It significantly led to bigger and better cities as fewer incidents of offenders were seen. Question 3: Impacts of Shifts to Growth and Development of Cities This refers to high birth rates and death rates to lower birth rates and death rates to a country. This led to development from pre-industrial to an industrialized economy. This can be seen by the use of demographic transition model.7 The theory was developed in 1919 by the Warren Thompson who had observed changes in birth rates during and before industrialization. Through this the cities and population increased, which contributed to improving of the economy. There was an increase in the Rural-Urban migration. This was led by people in search of employment. The need to move led to institutions like hospitals, schools and also infrastructure like roads.8 Through this there was a population increase in the urban cities leading to an economic growth as there were businesses; buildings and social facilities were also seen to have increased in number improving the city’s improvement. Climate changes leads to different changes in the economy. An increase in global warming will lead to the economy to reduce as food would be scarce leading to starvation. This can also lead to an increase in death rates decreasing the population growth. Most of the countries try to fight this through the improvement by the plantation of trees. A high ratio of population leads to a more productive land. The ecological impact of cities is not only to the surrounding region but to the global region.9 Question 4: Social Life in the City and the Urban Personality Most of the people living in cities cannot access agricultural activities and live in a modernized way of lifestyle; they are used to social infrastructure like better schools, hospitals and also services offered.10 Social life in the urban personality is kind of life in which one’s living can be termed as average, because most things are average and one can also access social amenities. Both places are highly populated, and are also dotted with social institutions that are easily accessible. In addition to this, most of the main offices are located in the cities and urban places where the lifestyle is modernized. Cities are mostly used in state leadership positions, and they also experience more population increase as compared to urban places. Question 5 The Social City Social city is the kind of which the social life is looked at in terms of entertainment, social facilities among others.. This can be the kind of which the social life is experienced. This is through people’s influence to each other. This social city can be accessible to social amenities like schools, hospitals and others. Era of Rapid Industrialization and Urbanization Urbanization in Europe was gradual from the society and also in the ownership of goods in which the services offered was the lead or guide to the migration. Most of the people moved because they would be accessible to infrastructure and social amenities which would improve their living standards. Though it led to an improvement in the setting of infrastructure it also created a negative impact in the long run. There was a tremendous increase in the population growth in the cities as there were no plans before leading to congestion and inaccessibility to social amenities like the supply of water could not be enough for everyone promoted movement in Europe. Cities like Akron and Toledo experienced rapid growth among other cities in Europe. It also contributed to crimes occurrence as most of the people became jobless and also the housing system became poor and was not able to accommodate all the imigrants.12 There has been an increase in the development of cities across Europe has increased by 78% and a population increase of 33%.The enclosed places or quarters have been replaced by standing apartments, detached houses. It is speculated that an annual increase of 0.6% urban areas can double the population over to the next century. Urban Bias Theory The manufacturing improvement in the urban areas from Europe led to the migration to from rural to urban. Most of the infrastructure development in most of the places led to its development into cities and the areas grew as people moved in order to acquire land and in the search of employment.13 Most of the European states started from agriculture that is the Mesopotamia period to which the human participated in their own development. The movement though slow at earlier times grew increased leading to congestion in urban areas. Politicians also led to their growth with the likes of Otto Von Bismarck who actively contributed to Germany’s development through the war in 1871 they were able to obtain their state from the France leading to the start of a new era. Through the leadership skills we see that most of the European nations were able to develop.14 Urbanization in most of the Europe countries can be said to be through their involvement in independence, the evolution of the wheel which has been improved to date improved the transportation system since they were great thinkers they were able to develop infrastructure improving their well-being. Most of them participated greatly in the pre-colonial period thus developing their nations.15 Emergence of new Inventions and technology Europe Industrialization was also propelled by the emergence of inventions and new technology systems being applied in the city. The French revolution and the Napoleonic wars led to the invention of machinery like the textile industry which improved the clothing system. There were new machine system with new power sources like the electricity, solar panels and the use of steam. This was during the industrial Revolution. Improved agricultural methods were inputted like the use of tractors in the farm cultivation instead of bulls. This led to a growth in the agricultural products as it increased due to the use of new methods of farming. The standards therefore improved in each and every activity in Europe and also globally. Notes 1. Brunn et.al, Cities of the world: world regional urban development, 27. 2. Cavin, Urban planning, 18. 3. Vries, European urbanization, 1500-1800, 12. 4. Cavin, Urban planning, 29. 5. Brunn et.al, Cities of the world: world regional urban development, 32. 6. Vries, European urbanization, 1500-1800, 22. 7. Cavin, Urban planning, 45. 8. Brunn et.al, Cities of the world: world regional urban development, 35. 9. Vries, European urbanization, 1500-1800, 34. 10. Brunn et.al, Cities of the world: world regional urban development, 39. 11. Cavin, Urban planning, 47. 12. Vries, European urbanization, 1500-1800, 44. 13. Brunn et.al, Cities of the world: world regional urban development, 46. 14. Vries, European urbanization, 1500-1800, 67. 15. Cavin, Urban planning, 58. Bibliography Brunn, Stanley D., Jack Francis Williams, and Michael E. Bonine. Cities of the world: world regional urban development. New York: Harper & Row, 2003. Cavin, Andrew I. Urban planning. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2003. Vries, Jan. European urbanization, 1500-1800. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. Read More