The USA Racial Discrimination - Coursework Example

U.S.A Racial Discrimination (Name) (University) Introduction Over the decades, the United States of America (USA) has showcased racial and ethnic discrimination between Black Americans and White Americans. Historically, almost all the Blacks in USA were slaves, a system that made Black people feel inferior to the society. As such, majority of the Black are inflicted with self-discrimination throughout their lifetime. The current accent of the America institutions and systemic settings positions the majority of the Black Americans to continuously experience racism from their counterparts, the White Americans. Depending on the situation and the opportunity, it is perceived that majority of White Americans are twice mostly likely to impose racial discrimination towards Black American group in comparison to the Black American. Racial discrimination in America is channeled through the country economic disparities, institutional settings, health systems, violence and social context among others. Through civil rights movements and international communities have tried to curb racial discrimination, the implemented policies and laws continue to pave ways for racial discrimination. In this retrospect, the paper seeks to compare and contrast the racial discrimination between the Black Americans and White Americans generalized as the people of the United States of the America. Economic Disparities of the Whites and Black The contemporary society of the United States of America continues to experience disparities between the Blacks and the Whites. Analysis indicates that Blacks perform worse in comparison to the Whites based on equality, opportunities and social mobility (Luke, 2015). Previously, the traditional public policy of the American failed to assimilate the Blacks into the American society showcasing the segregation discrimination of the Black into the mainstream of United States society. Contrarily to the civil rights movements that spearheaded the integration of the Black American into the American society from slavery, the progress and the success of the Blacks into the American society either socially or economically, has been painfully slow. Based on economic status, it is argued that the unskilled persons from all races continue to encounter economic challenges in U.S.A due to the current growth of information technology and trade that requires an informative skill. In this retrospect, the contemporary American society is divided into the haves and the disadvantaged have not with a primarily focus on skills. As such the percentage of Black Americans graduating from institutions of learning is decreasing in number due to racism and discriminations from the Whites hence Blacks economic challenges (Rothstein, 2014). Pew Research institute indicates that in 2013, the medium household held by the Americans Whites was 13 times that of the Black Americans (Pew Research Center, 2016). Contrarily to the Blacks, the Whites house hold wealth and economic position is closely tied equity across each homes. The analysis indicates that racial discrimination across blacks in institutions of learning lags Blacks behind with an increasing number of Blacks failing to complete the academic system of U.S.A hence poor household wealth. Additionally, Pew research findings indicate that as the racial gap continues to persist across Blacks, Blacks are more than twice compared to Americans to live in poverty (Kochhar, 2014). Institutional Racism and Discrimination According to varied research interview, majority of the Black American response indicated that Black adults are generally treated unfairly in comparison to White across institutional settings in U.S.A (Carty, 2016). Some of the argued institutional include criminal justice systems, workplace, banks, financial institutions among others. Allegations have always been positioned in U.S.A regarding how Blacks are treated and handled less by the police institutions in comparison to the American Whites. Additionally, the court systems are presumed to be much lenient to the Whites and not the blacks (Smith, 2016). Further interviews indicate that majority of the Black people thus around 66% are treated less fairly when applying both for mortgage and those work in a cross-cultural institutions and organizations (Day 2016). In this context, it can be argued that across all the realms White Americans are much more favorable than Black Americans regarding equal treatment. The institutional racism and discrimination has spearheaded the formation of personal discrimination. According to statistics, 81 % of the Black Americans confidently imply that they encounter personal discrimination hence a psychological trauma that affects the mental wellness of the Black Americans (Giesbrecht, 2014). In comparison to the White Americans, statistics indicate that at least 30 % of White Americans have been discriminated based on their race and ethnicity in American institutions (Pager, 2014). Though both parties can argue that they have experienced personal discrimination, the comparison showcase racial discrimination across Whites is a sizeable of the minority. In this context, the Black Americans are the most affected when it comes to personal discrimination because Whites basically experience a relative minor of personal discrimination. In this retrospect, majority of the Black America argue that institutional racism pose cumulative negative impacts that makes it harder for majority of the Black people to succeed in life. Health of the Americans As per the 21st century, Americans in general are healthier as a result of technological development in identifying preventive medicines, ease accessibility to better health care services with quality healthcare facilities. Contrarily to such an improvement, findings indicate that some racial and ethnic group in U.S.A continues to receive poor care hence poor life spun. Statistics indicate the Black Americans are most likely to have a shorter life expectancy, higher mortality and poor health conditions (Program and Policy Implications, 2014). The overlapping dynamics of poor health accessibility towards the majority of the Black Americans showcase the health disparities and racial discrimination within America as a state. As such, the US health care system has been racial prejudiced whereby the institutions frequently engage into unequal treatment based on similar severity of the Blacks and White patients by imposing different health care insurance protections. Data revealed indicate that based on the health care systems provisions, the Black American are expected to live an average of less years in comparison to the Whites. Regarding different racial sex, White women have a more life spun of up to an average of 80.3% while Black Women average life spun is 68.8 years (Friedman, 2014). For in depth analysis, the previous discussions in economic disparities indicated that majority of Black Americans are little equipped by skills. From the finding it can be argued that the socioeconomic differences based on employment and the level of individual income affects people ability to access to medical insurance. In this context, majority of the Blacks under the age of 65 are not insured while the Whites that have a modern income for the contemporary society can easily access varied health insurance. Violence and Hate Crimes White attacks against the Black American still exist and persistently in United States of America landscape. According to FBI report, in 2012 single-bias hate crimes were on the rise and more than 3, 645 victims were Blacks indicating an anti-black bias (FBI, 2014). The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) indicated that complaints raised by Blacks for being victimized in hate crimes, only a fraction of the complaint are adhered for investigation. Such a service delivery system positions the Black Americans to be vulnerable to violence and hate crimes. The case study of James Byrd, Jr., is a reflective of the Black American encountering violence and hate crimes. James Byrd was hijacked by three white men, tied him up in a pickup and dragged him across the road until James Byrd head was severed. One fairly recent press reports indicates that in West Virginia a black woman was reportedly raped and tortured for more than a day by six White Americans (Montpetit, 2015). It is presumed by the reports that the six white Americans constantly called her “nigger” referring her as a Black. Social Context Contemporary patterns of racial discrimination have been observed in America for almost four centuries. The racial and ethnic discrimination coexists in favor of the White Americans and against the Black Americans. Currently, the racial discrimination is a reflective of the oppressive process of the past slavery of the Black Americans. In America setting, Blacks often encounter negative beliefs from the whites about based on the Blacks abilities, beliefs, values and the Black Americans orientation. Psychologically, it is argued that majority of the White Americans harbor some anti-black stereotypes, prejudice and structure of the interpretations as a negative judgment towards the minority ethnic group. In social institutions such as schools, restaurant and across the streets, the interaction between the Blacks and the Whites that is either consciously or unconsciously perceive the whites to have a stereotype and the racial framing of the Blacks based on Blacks past history. Such a triggered framing contributes towards racial discrimination of individuals in society. Everyday racism can be perceived as a subtle or covert. Such kind of racism occurs whereby both parties can persecute each other based on skin color or participate in an array of avoidance behavior that is spearheaded by individual psychological beliefs. The discrimination is basically self motivated based on the actors beliefs. For an example, Americans interact daily irrespective of skin and ethnic background. Through the interactions both parties have a tendency of creating tensions and barriers without the consciousness of doing the act. An example includes a White person locking the car when a Black person passes across or rather Black individuals infectiously laugh in a different conversation and a White person happens to pass by. The closing of the car door when a Black man passes by pose an indication of a stereotype that Black persons are criminals hence the White is on a defensive technique. Conclusion Conclusively, the discussion showcases that in the current contemporary U.S the Black Americans should always prepare for anti-black actions by whites. Though U.S civil rights movements and international communities have tried to create an American environment that doesn’t support racial and ethnic discrimination, majority of the Black Americans are expected to continuously experience racial discrimination from the days of the cradle to the time of their grave. This indicates a lifetime challenge for the Black Americans in United States of America. The discussions further showcased that the array of White Americans ranging from elite to working-class continue to perpetuate racial discrimination either through individualism, institutionalism, unofficial and official setting across America. Basically, in comparison to White and Black Americans, the most vulnerable group to encounter racial discrimination is the Blacks. Minority of the White Americans are only likely to experience racial discrimination from the Black Americans through unconsciously and half-consciously act of the Blacks hence a minor rate of racial discrimination towards White Americans. In this retrospect, it can be argued that racial discrimination continuously exists in U.S.A and much more efforts are needed to position an equitable contemporary society for the Americans. References List Carty, S. (2016) Power Distorts the Criminal Justice System. The Student Journal of Criminology, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 1, Day, S. (2016) Separated and Unequal: Discriminatory Housing Practices in Chicago and New Orleans. An SP2 Journal, p. 10. FBI. (2014) Latest Hate Crimes Statistics Report Released. Available at https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/latest-hate-crime-statistics-report-released. [Viewed 10/11/2016] Friedman, L. (2014) The Gap between the Black and White Life Expectancy: A National Embarrassment. Available at http://www.businessinsider.com/huge-racial-gap-in-life-expectancy-2014-1 [viewed 10/11/2016] Giesbrecht, U. (2014) Cultural, Sociafamilia and Psychological Resources that Inhibit Psychological Distress in Black Americans Exposed to Race-Related Stress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(1), p. 49. Kochhar, R. (2014) Wealth Inequality has widened along Racial, Ethnic Lines since end of Great Recession. Available at http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/. [Viewed on 9/11/2016] Luke, D. (2015) Race vs. Class: Is the Market Color Blind? Journal of Market Theory, 24(3), p. 25. Montpetit, R. (2015) Why Torture when Torture Does not Work? Orientalism, Anti-blackness and the Persistence of the White Terror. International Feminist Journal of Politics. Peger, D. (2014) The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Market. Journal of Annual Revision of Sociology, 1(34), p. 190. Program and Policy Implications. (2014) The Health and Life Expectancy of Older Blacks and Hispanics in the United States. Journal of Today Research on Aging, 1(28), p. 1 Pew Research Center. (2016) Social and Democratic Trends: Views of Race and Inequalities, Blacks and Whites are World apart. Available at http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/1-demographic-trends-and-economic-well-being/. [Viewed on 9/11/2016] Rothstein, R. (2014) The Racial Achievement Gap, Segregated Schools, and Segregated Neighborhoods-A Constitutional Insult. Journal of Race and Social Problems, 6(4), p. 1 Smith, R. (2016) Implicit White Favoritism in the Criminal Justice Systems. Journal of Alabama Law Review, 66(4), p. 874. Read More