Effect of the Information Revolution on the Formation of Global Cities - Essay Example

What is a Global What effect has the information revolution had on the formation of Global Cities? Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 Discussion 4 Globalization and its relation with the global cities 5 Systematic transformation of the global cities 5 Effects of information revolution on the formation of Global Cities 6 Conclusion 9 References 10 Introduction The ascend of the global cities either inspected as the transnational region of the global city or the global networks of the various urban space raises the question of the discipline condition in order to analyze the world of territorial nation states. The introduction of the global city has attracted the attention of the information revolution in spite of the fact that more focus and attention have been provided towards the development and improvement in mapping the global cities and their connection with other related fields. The global economy is organized in such a way that it is able to innovate, coordinate and managing the activities of the firm. With the expansion and diversification of the global economy the new market incorporates and it emphasizes on organizing the production of the advanced services that are required for the development of the information technology. The industrial revolution is regarded as the information age. The invention of the printing, the invention of the telephone, telegraph, radio, motion pictures etc. has given birth to the industrial revolution. The global city focuses on the transformation and conversion of the various processes that are considered in the process of globalization and for the revolution in the information technology. The capability of entering and adopting itself in the information age depends on the education of the whole society and the process of complex information system. The global city cannot be referred to as the place but the process in which the centres for consumption and production of the services and the related ancillary local societies are linked in a global network and concurrently downplaying the connection with their hinterlands (Sassen, 2001). Discussion The global economy incorporates and expands in the new market. The global city is very important and necessary in the process of globalization and providing infrastructural backbone and materials that are required for the global flow and establishes the physical sites that creates the control and the command function that is required for decentralization in the global economy. The global city is related to distinctive urban form and also the theoretical objects. In the beginning of 1970 there is remarkable conversion related to the alteration in the urban fabric of various cities across the world. The growth and development in linking the network between the global cities is facilitated by the revolution of information technology. Global cities has allowed the non contiguous and the distant spaces in developing the structure and durable interactions of people that was not available before. The Global cities are connected together through the development of the digital infrastructure. The theorist of the Global city have developed and improved a long way in improving the conceptual tools that are required for non state centric empirics. The model of global city for organizing the hypothesis can be explained as there are seven hypotheses for theorization of the model related to global city and organizing the data. The first hypothesis deals with the dispersal of the geographic and the economic activities. Secondly the large global organizations generally outsource the complex central functions. The third hypothesis mainly deals with the special and unique services provided by the firm in the globalized and the complex market that are subjected to the economy. It is also related to the complexity involved in providing services that are required to be produced. The fourth hypothesis deals with assuming or ascertaining the uncertainty in outsourcing the complex and un-standardized functions that are subjected to the change in the market. The fifth hypothesis is related to the specialized service that the firm is required for providing global service which implies a global network. The sixth hypothesis mainly deals with the increase in numbers of specialized service which is high profit making in nature and also high level of professional that influences the socio economic inequality. The seventh hypothesis deals with the dynamics resulting in the growth and development of the economic activities. The phenomenon of global city can be described or explained as the process of connecting the developed and the advanced services, markets and the producer centres in the global markets. The importance of the emergence of the global city emphasizes on the development of information technology. Globalization and its relation with the global cities The advancement in the technology and information and technology leads to the development of the global city. The importance of the global city can be analyzed by focusing on the factors those results in the construction of the globalization and mobility of the international corporate personality. Globalization does not necessarily extinguish the nation state but they define as well as redefine the activities that affect or influence its operation. Globalization helps in innovation, capital restructuring and competition of the global city (Castells, 1991). Systematic transformation of the global cities The introduction of the global system is an indication for the systematic transformation of the trends and its epochal importance, the relationship of the structures and the units in the international system, the concept of idea unbundling as it is related or associated with the global assemblages , the temporal structures and the socially constructed features of spatial. The combination and the relation of the global integration and the spatial dispersion has found out and developed a new and strategic role for the global cities. The expansion of the services in the international market has lead to the introduction of higher degree of flexibility and high competition in the global urban process or system. The flexibility of the global economy has allowed the overall system to connect everything that is important and precious according to the interest and dominant values while discarding those things that are not important and significant (Castells, 1999). Effects of information revolution on the formation of Global Cities The social revolution includes those things that permanently influence the lives of the inhabitants that originated from the royal edicts. The social revolution grows or develops from the openness to change or modification, from the disturbed soil at some of the societal levels. The tools and the technique of communications are considered as the weapon for extending its service for the knowledge of the mankind and leading an intelligent life. The six revolution of the information technology are: First revolution of the information technology is that it is featured or characterized by the writing revolution. Writing revolution is applied for storing the knowledge, the human mind is no longer restricted by the limitation of memory. Knowledge is regarded as boundless. The writing revolution has facilitated the formation of the global cities. Second information revolution is related to the revolution in printing that started in Europe in the second phase of the fifteenth century which includes import from China and convergence of paper. The printing information is expanded through various layers of the society. Printing leads to economic, personal and educational alterations and the changes are known as the reformation, humanism, renaissance, mercantilism and concluding the feudalism. The revolution of the printing is considered as the beginning of the modern world and the global cities. Third information revolution includes the revolution in the mass media that started in Eastern United states and Western Europe in the middle phase of the nineteenth century with the combination of the invention of the telegraph, method adopted in the printing press and production of the paper that has changed the process by which the information was being conveyed. This revolution has lead to the publish of the magazines and newspapers that has reached to the common man with various events and the news that is far and near and the goods that is packaged for sale, public libraries and public schools across the countryside and the development of the cities. It has benefitted the mass as the literacy came within the reach of the people of the global cities (Lovink, 2002). The fourth revolution of the information is the entertainment revolution that began in America and Europe towards the last phase of the nineteenth century with the advancement of such technology which includes the availability of the affordable cameras, stored sound and motion photography. The entertainment and the industrial revolution are termed as the replica for each other. In future it could be observed that there will be more advancement in the technology. The whole world would prefer to choose and love the entertainment products. At the beginning of the entertainment revolution it can be observed that the people did not realize the number of hours or the time spent for the entertainment. The fifth information revolution includes the establishment of the communication tool shed of home that is evolved during the middle phase of the twentieth century and conversion of the home location into the central location for gathering the entertainment and information. The contribution towards the entertainment is provided by the broadcasting, telephone, development in the printing technologies and universal mail services. The century includes the period of political, cultural, shifting and psychological turmoil. The media and communication are inseparable from the lives of the common man living in the global cities. The sixth revolution of information deals with the information highway that is presently being constructed out of the broadcasting, visual technologies, satellite, and the connection of the computer. The communication is related to the transportation for study, play and work. The information can cause or increase doubt about the future event in the cities. The industrial revolution is linked with the increase in population. In the age of information technology the critical organization has formed networking. The networking is simply considered as a set of interconnected and interlinked nodes. The connection and the relationship among the nodes are developed for functioning of the information technology. Therefore networking is required for the circulation of money, images, goods, services and information technology across the network in the global cities throughout the world The crucial role and performance of the information revolution and the communication technologies deals with economic growth of the countries. Information technology is not regarded as the cause for the changes in the society. The interaction among the social development and the economic growth in the information age is considered and regarded as complex. The reintegration of the economic growth and development and also the social development through the innovation of technology, shared world development and informational management cannot be achieved without the market forces. The impact of the information revolution has influenced heavily the global cities and has increased its feasibility. The information revolution has improved the technology by implementing various economic and institutional strategies that has lead to the formation of the global cities (Castells, 2011). Conclusion The formation of the global cities is considered as the manifestation of the transformation in the process that is operating in the international system. Global cities develop and establish a historical relationship between the territorial states and capitalism. The changes or the revolution that is adopted by the global cities is for the changes in technology and restructuring the capitalist. The formation of the transitional forms of urbanism is considered as the reflection of the challenges that is established in order to establish and reveal the anarchical states of the global cities. The three broad revolutions have lead to the formation of the global cities. The Industrial revolution, American Revolution and the French revolution has lead to the emergence of the global cities and the modern world. Unlike many of the revolution the information revolution has bought changes in the global cities. The new media in relation to the information revolution has become a part of the changes that are bought in the global cities. The information revolution is considered as a means of communication within the society. The changes in the society provide a basis for the information revolution that has resulted in the growth and development of the global cities. The advancement in the technologies regarding the changes in the society has resulted in the information revolution in the global cities. References Castells, M., 1991. The Informational City. Chapter 3: The Space of Flows. [pdf]. Available at: < http://fields.eca.ac.uk/disruptivetechnologies/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Castells-Manuel-The-Space-of-Flows.pdf>. [Accessed 6 January 2015]. Castells, M., 1999. Information technology, globalization and social development.[pdf]. Available at: < http://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/ab82a6805797760f80256b4f005da1ab/f270e0c066f3de7780256b67005b728c/$FILE/dp114.pdf>. [Accessed 6 January 2015]. Castells, M., 2011. The Rise of the Network Society. [pdf]. Available at: < http://www.academia.edu/2215687/The_power_of_identity_The_information_age_Economy_society_and_culture>. [Accessed 6 January 2015]. Lovink, G., 2002. Uncanny networks. Cambridge: MIT press. Sassen, S., 2001. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. New York: Princeton University Press. Read More