Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia - Coursework Example

Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the richest countries in the Middle East. Being one of the largest oil exporters, it is among the most successful in the Middle East. However, more than half of its workforce is comprised of migrant workers. The migrant workers number around 6 million people. These migrant workers contribute billions of dollars per annum through remittances to their home countries. With such a large community originating in foreign lands, it seems that the migrant workers have a large voice in the determining their rights and freedoms within the Kingdom. The migrant workers in Saudi Arabia contribute a lot to the economy of the Kingdom. The Role of Foreign Workers in the Economy An excess of 800,000 migrant workers have left Saudi Arabia in 2013 because of deportation. Migrant workers are a large market from which Saudi businesses can benefit. For example, massive deportations may result in at least 70% of the stores in Jeddah to be closed. Most of the stores will have to close business for around six months in order to become Nitaqat compliant. The effect of this would be a 700% increase in the price of gold. 40% of workshops have been closed because the technicians have been overwhelmed by the amount of work. Migrant workers handled the extra work (Showail, 2013). Many Saudis dislike jobs in which they are paid low wages and involve long working hours. For example, because of the massive deportations of migrant workers, 18 companies could not find employees for over 20000 jobs in the transportation sector. While the migrant workers are willing to do the disliked jobs in Saudi Arabia that involve working in difficult conditions, migrant workers are always ready. The migrant worker community contributes to the human resource necessary in boosting the countrys economy (Showail, 2013). The migrant population contributes massively to the construction industry. The role they play is clearly shown when they are absent. For example, due to the massive deportation, it is estimated that an excess of 36% of planned construction projects has been cancelled. Since Saudi Arabia is an oil rich country, it has massive construction projects being planned and executed all the time. While most of the construction jobs have become automated, the human labour at the construction site cannot be replaced. The absence of migrant workers would cause a stall in the construction projects (Showail, 2013). Migrant workers also contribute to the composition of learning institutions in the kingdom. For example, if all the migrant workers left the kingdom, approximately 20000 schools would have no janitors (OKane, 2013). While education is crucial for the economic growth of the country, the school system cannot function without janitors. In some areas, in Saudi Arabia, more than two-thirds of the shops have closed. This ranges from bakeries to laundries to restaurants. These migrant workers get an opportunity to work in Saudi Arabia to escape poverty and have a brighter future (Showail, 2013). The role of primary industries and manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia to attract foreign workers Saudi Arabias economy is based on oil. In addition, there are strong government controls over major economic activities. It is the largest producer of petroleum. Saudi Arabia is an important member of OPEC and petroleum accounts for around 80% of the budget, 45% of GDP and 90% of export earnings. This has made Saudi Arabia encourage the growth of the private sector with the aim of diversifying the economy. The diversifications are aimed at the power generation, telecommunications, and exploration of natural gas as well as the petrochemical sectors (Abid, 2006). Migrant workers contribute a lot to the petroleum sector as well as the service sectors. There are over 5 million migrant workers who contribute to the economy of the country. Most of the available jobs in these sectors are suited for people with little education and technical skills. As the Saudi government continues with plans to create six economic cities around the country to increase foreign investment, the jobs that will be created will attract foreign workers. These will help to increase Saudi Arabias economy (Abid, 2006). The fact that many migrant workers have missed opportunities in their home countries attracts them to the booming economy of Saudi Arabia. This makes foreign workers sell the property to get their correct papers in order to take advantage of the Saudi economy. As long as petroleum is the main propulsion fuel of the work, the country will continue to attract migrant workers. Since the Saudi government is trying to diversify the economy, the private sector offers many job opportunities for foreign workers. Since many people lack employment opportunities in their home countries, they are more than willing to work in Saudi Arabia. Once they get their documents such as visas and others, they are allowed to work in the kingdom. Moreover, some people find it prestigious working abroad. The Saudi economy offers many such opportunities (Abid, 2006). Legal and Illegal Immigrants in Saudi Arabia Millions of people who are poor and desperate and poor migrate to Saudi Arabia to look for better opportunities. Annually, many people move from South East Asia and the horn of Africa into the Kingdom. Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia are estimated at approximately 7.5 million as of April 2013. Foreign workers began moving into Saudi Arabia after oil in Saudi Arabia was discovered in the 1930s. The discovery of oil created the need to find international experts to help in the exploitation of the massive oil reserves. There was a large influx of foreign workers in Saudi Arabia when the oil price skyrocketed at the end of the 1973 oil crisis (Alpanda & Peralta-Alva, 2010). Plans for the development of infrastructure led to the high demand of skilled as well as unskilled labour. These were mostly people from Palestine, Egypt, Yemen as well as other Arab countries. As the 1980s began, the number of people from South East Asia increased. These were people mainly from Thailand, South Korea and the Philippines. The 2010 CIA World Fact book approximated foreigners in the Kingdom at around 5,576,076. The number represents around 31% of the total population (Government, 2012). As of 2007, Indians made up around 1.3 million people. On the other hand, Pakistanis and Egyptians each made up 900,000 people while Yemenis was 800,000. Both Bangladeshis and Filipinos each made up 500,000 people. Other nationalities contribute to the people of the Kingdom are as follows: Jordanians or Palestinians makeup 260,000 people, Indonesians, are 250,000 and Sri Lankans are 350,000. Sudan contributed 250,000 people, Syria 100,000 and Turkey contributed 100,000. There were around 100,000 Westerners in the Kingdom, in 2007 (Abir, 2013). Population data shows that approximately 15% of foreign workers in Saudi Arabia are experienced. The others are found in agriculture, domestic service and cleaning. The Saudi government says that it has some workers who had entered the country illegally since November 2013. The deportation exercise took place over the course of three months. Illegally residence in the country makes a person liable for violation of labour laws. Most of the deportees are Ethiopians who have been accused by the Saudi government for crossing into the country through the southern border that separates it with Yemen. Others are from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines (Khraif, 1992). The Role of Foreign Labour in the Demographics of Saudi Arabia Labour immigration dates back to the 1930s in Saudi Arabia. The migration began after the discovery of oil in the region. Many skilled workers and unskilled labourers poured into the country from the Western World as well as neighbouring Arab states. The first oil boom occurred in 1973 and it spurred the economy towards diversification and construction of infrastructure. The percentage change in demographics has changed from being totally Arab for 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian (Government, 2012). These events led to a higher increase in foreign workers in the Kingdom. These international flows of labour were utilised in the redistribution of oil wealth (House, 2012). The flow of labour in the Kingdom enabled some Saudis to get income from trading labour visas, which was in addition to taking part in the labour activities of the Kingdom. There was disequilibrium between the supply and demand of labour. The numbers of migrants since then have grown as they were unaccounted for by the authorities. These could be utilised for short-term business needs. The above causes led to scattered and scarce data on Saudi Arabias people (House, 2012). In 1979, there were political tensions in the Arab world. The tensions were fuelled by a desire by some people to control the Islamist movements in the Arab World. The Gulf War followed after Iraq invaded Kuwait. The war led to the mistrust of Arab workers within the regimes. There was a decline in the oil revenues. However, this was coupled with increasing demography, which led to the drastic limiting of the redistributive abilities of the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia applied to become a member of the World Trade Organisation, which was achieved in 2005. The move threatened the stability of the rentier social contract. Unemployment among the youth and poverty began showing in the early 2000s. In 2013, the unemployment level in the kingdom was 12.2%. The protests that occurred in 2011 were based on unemployment and discrimination (Showail, 2013). Naturalization System in Saudi Arabia A person who wishes to become a Saudi citizen must go through the application program. They must acquire the requisite number of points needed for citizenship. Citizen is granted to people based on their accomplishments and contributions to Saudi Arabia such as medicine development as well as research. Therefore, getting a Saudi citizenship requires hard work and commitment (Rasheed, 2013). There are an excess of a million immigrants who have who have been naturalised out of the 23% size of foreigners in the total populace (Gazette, 2013). The royal family decrees the statement to grant citizenship to a person. The Saudi king reserves the right to pardon, issue and grant any decree or privilege. He has power over all government departments in the kingdom. It means that the Saudi king can grant citizenship to a foreigner. Royalty within the Kingdom has the power to confirm citizenship. This is after the prospective citizens pass through the processes that are required for approval in the royal court (Rasheed, 2013). However, in Saudi Arabia, all people including migrant workers must remember that being a citizen or not, owning land or not is all the will of God. Migrant workers from all nations have the right to apply for citizenship in Saudi Arabia. However, after use, people with re-entry visas would not reject citizenship. As per the job requirements, those with a degree in medicine and computer science would be given priority in naturalisation. The naturalisation law does not aim at a particular nationality (Rasheed, 2013). A person with Saudi citizenship can lose it if he commits wrongs to the Saudi government. If a naturalised citizen promotes the interests of another country such as his home country, they may lose their citizenship. Similarly, if a person joins a foreign army or plots treachery against Saudi Arabia, citizenship may be lost, as well. Moreover, if a person seeks for citizenship in another country without first getting permission from Saudi authorities may have their citizenship revoked (Rasheed, 2013). National Security and Foreign Immigrants in Saudi Arabia The migrant population is made up of two categories. There are legal migrant workers and illegal workers. These people contribute to the security interest of the kingdom. For instance, illegal migrants contribute to the growth and survival of illegal cartels that traffic humans and arms into the country. A person who does not get accepted into the country using the best process is obviously not qualified to be in the country (Al-Rasheed, 2007). There are as many as 60,000 foreigners violating the residence and employment guidelines (Maher, 2013). It, therefore, means that their presence in the country has a negligible contribution to the economy of Saudi Arabia. These people start engaging in lawless activities such as robbery due to frustration and lack of employment. These problems create a nightmare among law enforcement agencies within the kingdom. Therefore, these illegal activities contribute in one way or another to crime. It is a significant problem to the global community (Basfar, 2007). In 2013, there was a total of 68,000 illegal immigrants that were released and who had criminal history (Al-Rasheed, 2007). The national security in Saudi Arabia has been of high interest from the instability in Iraq and the nuclear threat from Iran. Since its beginnings, the Kingdom has had a real alliance with the United States. The Kingdom has been forced to make serious decisions regarding the structure of the security organisation in the country. Saudi Arabia should consider working to increase security in the region. The Saudi Kingdom has started rigorous social, economic and political reforms. It proves that the royal family, technocrats and businesspeople comprehend the need to create more employment opportunities for the growing community. The ongoing economic reform must be matched with political and social reform that will enable the Kingdom to maintain stability as the situations change. However, as much as the United States wants Saudi Arabia to align its policies with its own, things are more complicated for Saudi Arabia. The United States of America strives to ensure that its enemies do not get access to energy resources in the Kingdom (House, 2012). Nationalities of Immigrants in Saudi Arabia According to the 2010 census, there were 18707576 Saudi nationals compared to 8429401 non-nationals. However, since the 1960s, the Saudi population was composed of mainly nomadic and seminomadic. Massive economic growth has caused an excess of 95% of the people being settled. Various cities and oases have populations of more than 1000 people per square kilometre. The Saudi population is mainly composed of rapid growth among the youths (Das, 2013). Most Saudis has Arabic ethnicities. Saudi Arabia hosts one of the pilgrimages that are key to Islamic religion. It is called the Hajj, which is a journey that Muslims is encouraged to make at least once in a lifetime. There are Africans who migrate into the kingdom with the purpose of looking for jobs and better opportunities that they could not get in their countries. Also, Indians form the bulk of foreigners in the kingdom because of the proximity of the two countries (Das, 2013). There are an excess of 2.8 million Indians who reside in the Kingdom (Gazette, 2013) The Saudi population is major of Arabic origins. Most of the current settlers were pilgrims who entered the kingdom and settled in the Hijaz region along the Red Sea. The areas include Jeddah, Mecca and Medina. Other Arabs are from neighbouring countries and have gotten employment opportunities in the kingdom. There are also large numbers of Asian expatriates who come from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines. Back in the1960s, there was a community of South Korean labourers in the kingdom. In 2005, statistics showed that there were 1200 South Koreans living and working in Saudi Arabia (Das, 2013). There are more than 100,000 westerners living in Saudi Arabia. Most of them dwell in private compounds in key cities including Jeddah, Riyadh and Dhahran. The number of people who are not Muslims is rarely found in Medina and Mecca. The nations population composition is changing; therefore, the state should increase vigilance in the fight against crime (Das, 2013). Religions and Cultures in Saudi Arabia Islam is a religion in the state. Nearly all citizens in the Kingdom are Muslims. There is no law in the Saudi Arabian constitution that prohibits the practice of other religions. The legal system of the Kingdom has its basis in the Sharia law. Saudi Arabia has many religions. However, the predominant one is Islam. People who go to Saudi Arabia to work are of different religions including Christians, Buddhists, and Hindus and so on. The Saudi Kingdom does not impose religious requirements on the people dwelling in the country. However, people there are very few people in the cities of Medina and Mecca. The state follows the Muslim law known as the Sharia law (Basfar, 2007). Saudi Arabia is an Islam state and is the largest country in Saudi Arabia. People in the Kingdom adhere to the hijab. Muslim men should wear a dress that covers their entire bodies. Most of them are seen wearing a checkered cloth on the head called the keffiyeh. The women are supposed to cover their whole body with a cloth called the abaya. It covers their entire bodies but leaves only a slit for the eyes. Foreigners are supposed to dress decently while in the public (House, 2012). The diet in Saudi Arabia follows the strict Islamic restrictions. Foods and drinks that are called haram are prohibited. These restrictions apply for foreigners who dwell or visit in Saudi Arabia. For example, pork and alcohol are prohibited. The consumption of such substances is illegal and people are practicing them are punishable under law. The bulk of meals comprises of rice and meat, which is usually grilled lamb or chicken. Other diet constituents include fava beans, shawarma and falafel. In Saudi Arabia, cinemas have been banned from the end of the 1970s. From 2009, some films have been shown (OKane, 2013). Socio Economic Impact of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has a huge unemployment incidence among men. To deal with the problem, the Kingdom has launched a massive deportation campaign. The Interior Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia confirmed that in 2013 that an excess of 60,000 foreign workers were deported. It is approximated that another 2 million workers would be deported. The thing that is not set is whether these deportations will lower the rates of unemployment in the Kingdom. Officials are not sure if Saudis will take the unskilled jobs done by foreigners. American and European employees occupy jobs that require high skills. The other international workers carry out the low-skilled domestic and cleaning jobs (House, 2012). However, the massive deportation of people from Saudi Arabia will have a negative effect on the economies of developing countries. These developing countries are sources of labourers who work in the Kingdom. As these people work in Saudi Arabia, they send back home massive amounts of money. In 2012, for example, remittances amounted to $27.5 billion. The figure is slightly shy of the American Official Development Assistance to all impoverished countries. It was $30.5 billion. Many of the disadvantaged communities in the country depend on remittances to experience. They hinge on on the cash to pay for education, healthcare, start businesses and create employment that suppresses poverty (Abir, 2013). The Saudi Arabian government should look at its labour policies closely since massive deportation will not eliminate the high unemployment rate. However, the billions of dollars sent back home by migrant workers will reduce drastically, if not wiped out. Many companies would stall and many construction activities would grind to a halt if majority of the migrant workers were deported. The migrant population also has social impacts on the community. They bring from their home countries their cultural beliefs. These are shared with communitys living in the kingdom. Other cultural practices are borrowed from communities from other parts of the world. This leads to the creation of a culturally diverse community living in the nation (Davis, 2007). Unemployment among Citizens Saudi Arabia should strive to increase the employment opportunities in the Kingdom as millions of youth are expected to join the workforce soon. The motive for the urgency is that the need for jobs is greatly overtaking the available job opportunities. Unemployment in the Kingdom soared from 10.5% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2012. The Kingdom is the principal oil producer on the planet. It has reserves in excess of $717 billion (Government, 2012). However, the above figures do not represent the actual health of the society. The aspects of society not reflected by the figures include access to education, healthcare, happiness and ownership of homes. For the business to thrive, the health of the society should be taken into consideration. The private sector in the country will be very instrumental in the creation of job opportunities (House, 2012). It is projected that about 1.6 million Saudi youth will enter the job market in the coming five years. However, the IMF fears that only 600,000 will be employed in the private sector by 2018. Some one million youths will potentially find themselves without work. Therefore, Saudi Arabia needs to boost its economic growth so that enough job opportunities are created to meet the wishes and aspirations of the people. The improvements in the economy should be made considering that women make around 22% of the workforce in the region (Government, 2012). Moreover, the government has instituted a law called Nitaqat law. The law states that, for every 10 foreign workers in the Kingdom, there should be at least one Saudi national. However, as the government tries to diversify its economy from petroleum, jobs are expected to increase (House, 2012). Drugs Trafficking drugs in Saudi Arabia are a serious crime. Saudi Arabia is a staunch Muslim country adhering to the Koran and Muslim teachings. It is ruled by a strict law prohibiting anyone from foreigners to locals dealing in drugs of any sort. The people found trafficking illicit drugs or alcohol are punished severely. Punishment may be a prison term for the trafficker, lashing or public execution. However, despite the penalties that the traffickers face, it does not discourage them from carrying out the crimes in Saudi Arabia (Al-Rasheed, 2007). Despite the harsh laws that exist in Saudi Arabia concerning alcohol and drugs, the substances still exist. It depends on the connections that an individual has to the people that peddle these illicit substances. For instance, a research piloted in 1998 by the World Health Organisation discovered that 24% of patients in a Riyadh hospital abused alcohol. The Saudi government tries to maintain the country as the cleanest and most drugs free in the Middle East (Baker, 2013). The substances abused in Saudi Arabia originate partly from the nomads in the Afghani fields. It is a long chain that involves many middlemen. One way that the Saudi Arabia government can deal with entry of drugs and other illicit substances entering the country is by checking the baggage that comes in through the embassies. The reason is that baggage headed to the embassies is not usually checked (Al-Rasheed, 2007). Because of the high demand for liquor, the price is usually so high that a bottle of vodka can cost between 1,000 and 3,000 riyals. The bill rises as the magnitude of the bottle increases. There are places in Saudi Arabia that a person cannot visit without knowing people there or having a firearm for protection. The drugs that are peddled in the country include cocaine, marijuana as well as other psychedelic homemade drugs. The number of people arrested for drug trafficking in the Kingdom increases every year (Rong-Chang, 2011). The conviction penalties include long prison sentences, heavy fines, public beating or deportation to ones mother country. Crimes Crimes make it uncomfortable for migrant workers to live comfortably within the Kingdom. The reason is that people do not perform at their best ability at work when they feel insecure. The security situation in Saudi Arabia is of primary importance if it wants to keep its workforce made up of some foreign workers to feel at home (Abir, 2013). Many visitors to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are warned to take precautions that they would take visiting any other major cities in the world. This is regardless the assumption that Saudi Arabia is governed by strict Islamic laws. On the roads, safety is not as high as expected. Items such mobile phones, computers and other valuables have been stolen from vehicles. Unrest in Yemen in the past couple of years have increased the number of illegal migrants into the Kingdom. The border patrol on both Yemeni and Saudi Arabias side should be increased to ensure that the southern border is not the place where drugs, aliens and arms are smuggled into the kingdom. There is an emergency number for contacting the police, which is 999 and the average response time is about one hour. There are several police or security agents that are responsible for differently specialised tasks (Government, 2012). Saudi Border with Yemeni and Iraq, Employment, Smuggling and Drugs Saudi Arabia shares its border with Yemen to the south. In the aftermath of the conflict, there was an agreement between Yemen and Saudi Arabia known as the Taif Agreement in 1934. The fence being built at the Saudi-Yemen border will run from the coast of the Red Sea to the edge of Oman. By the end of April 2013, the first part of the fence had already been built on the coast. It has managed to reduce but not stop the number of illegal immigrants (BBC, 2013). These groups compete for power and resources found in the north-western provinces. Tensions over the border are likely to heighten over the coming days. In 2006, security, in Iraq deteriorated to the extent that Saudi Arabia ordered has instructed that 550 mile high-tech fence be created to shut off Iraq. It was equipped with technology such as ultraviolet night-vision cameras with many miles of barbed wire. There have been worries that Saudi insurgents in Iraq would bring Jihad to the country (Showail, 2013). New Regulations for Foreign Workers in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is considering passing a law that will limit the stay of foreign workers to a maximum of 8 years. The purpose of this ruling is to generate employment for citizens. The foreign workers that are predicted to be affected the most are Indians. The Labour Ministry proposed this law as it tries to find more avenues to expand the Nitaqat law. The law is all about reducing the number of foreign workers and their dependents. Also, the law aims at creating more well-paying jobs for its citizens (Khraif, 1992). Therefore, a foreign worker living in the Kingdom with a wife and children will accumulate 1.5 points because three is the maximum number of points a person can earn. The points increase as a person works for a longer time in the kingdom. The new law was proposed because it was found that unskilled workers stayed for a longer time in the Kingdom than skilled workers. The goal is to raise the number employment chances for its nationals. The Nitaqat law states that 10% of jobs, including those in small and medium businesses should be given to Saudi citizens (House, 2012). Riot of Foreign Workers in Saudi Arabia Riots have occurred in Saudi Arabia in the past regarding foreign workers living in the Kingdom. One riot occurred when two people died overnight following rioting that was caused by a crackdown on visas by Saudi authorities (When). In this particular riot, one of the killed individuals was a Saudi citizen (Kechichian, 2001). Other riots within the Kingdom that involve international workers involve violent clashes with the police. They usually involve low income-earning expatriates living in the country. When clashes occur, the foreign workers are not the only ones injured. Rather, even Saudi people are caught in the crossfire and at times lose their lives. However, the Kingdom has vowed not to accept any visa irregularities that fuel the black market. It contributes to the import of cheap labour (Abid, 2006). Why Foreign Workers Choose Saudi Arabia to Work Most people choose to work in Saudi Arabia because of the money. Being an educated professional with experience, makes people get amounts of money that they were not getting in their home countries. For example, there are tax free salaries, luxury housing, and paid education for children and so on. Another reason people prefer working in Saudi Arabia is that the Middle East has many famous tourist destinations. The Kingdom has a rich cultural history. Muslim expats can visit Mecca and Medina, which are the holy cities in the country (Rasheed, 2013). People also work in Saudi Arabia because of the great food quality. Moreover, there is no other place outside Saudi Arabia that a person can get quality Saudi food. Saudi Arabia has a wide variety that attracts many foreign workers into the Kingdom. These foreigners from different countries and lands contribute to the cultural diversity of the Kingdom. The experiences of Saudi Arabia give the foreign workers the opportunity to tell stories when they return home (Khraif, 1992). The culture has many elements from historic ritual and folk culture as dance and music. There is a ban on movie cinemas in the Kingdom, and the ban has been lifted for special holidays. However, entertainment media such as CDs and novels are allowed only if they do not have immoral content or profane the royal family (House, 2012). Another important part of Saudi culture is the national dance called the Al Ardha. It is a sword dance that is based on Bedouin traditions, where drummers beat out a rhythm as a poet says poetic verses. At the same time, sword carrying men dance side by side. Foreigners are given the freedom of dressing as they like, although they have to be decent especially in public areas. Football is the Kingdom’s national sports. It has players who are professional footballers in Europe. Basketball is also popular in Saudi Arabia. Civil societies are not prohibited if they do not promote immorality or disloyalty to the state (Clark, 2006). What the Government and the People Want of Foreign Workers The Saudi Kingdom requires that foreign workers enter the country legally by having the right papers necessary for entry into the Kingdom. Once admitted into Saudi Arabia, the foreign worker is supposed to adhere to all the guidelines and protocols that apply in the Kingdom. They should always dress appropriately while in public areas and respect the religions and cultures of other people living within the Kingdom. Breaking the law or entering the Kingdom through fake papers will be deported, jailed or punished in some other way according to the Saudi Constitution. In the case of any mistreatment, foreign employees are required to report the incidences (Zuhur, 2011). What the Foreign Workers want of the Government and the People Foreign workers expect the Saudi government to give them ample opportunities to work within the country. They want to work for longer and develop their families and society back in their home countries. However, they want to be treated fairly by the people because it will improve their working conditions so that their future is bright, since they work comfortably. In addition, workers hope that the government will continue to create opportunities for them so that more members of their families can find employment opportunities in the Kingdom. These can be achieved by expanding the private sector in Saudi Arabia (Government, 2012). The Future of Foreign Workers in Saudi Arabia The future of foreign workers in Saudi Arabia appears grim. Despite the high number of jobs that are supposed to be created, workers need to know that they will be working for a long time in the Kingdom. The Nitaqat law is required to reduce the number of expatriates and at the same time increase the opportunities available for its growth (Zuhur, 2011). Conclusion There are many people who work in Saudi Arabia. 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