Main Aspects of - Annotated Bibliography Example

Annotated Bibliography Carver, Raymond. “Little Things” in Where Im Calling From. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1988. Print. The short story Raymond Carver addresses several issues associated with the development of unequal society. Equality in the society has been a challenge especially when focusing on the less privileged and persons with disability. In fact, the challenge of disparity in the literary period is revealed in the actions of the different people associated with the leadership. In the story Little Things, Carver argues that the disparity existing within the society is based on the development of the opinion and the social segregation in the whole process. Likewise, racism has been passed over from slavery to the end incorporation of the current corporate racism as revealed in the society. The development of the new processes of implementing balance in the society attest to the fact that inequality exists in the society. Despite the challenges, Carver highlights the main issues during the literary era which include slavery and the segregation of communities based on the color, race and financial ability. The story highlights the challenges of the past and allows the reader to take a journey through the challenging issues of inequality and racism. The financial inequality is the focus of the article with Carver developing the story using literary devices. Carver, Raymond. Cathedral .New York: Knopf, 1983. Print. In the story Cathedral, Carver takes the reader through a journey of self-actualization. The story is minimal with only three characters namely the narrator, the main character’s wife and the third party being the blind man Robert. The success of the author in depicted the desire of the hearts of the different. Inequality is depicted in the story through the different lives lived by the characters. The inequality in story is revealed in the complexity of the lives of characters. The disconnect between the wife and the main character reveals the inequality and lack of understanding between the two families. In fact, the major issue addressed by Carver is the challenge of indecision and isolation. The creation of the different groups in the same family indicates the challenge faces by the members. The story reveals the nature of the society and the challenge posed by the different groups of people and the selfish nature of individuals in the society. The article is vital because it links the issue of inequality with choices and family set-up. In the conclusion of the story, it is evident that the challenge of inequality is massive and changes in the society values and focus is mandatory. Patterson, John. The Bill of Rights: Politics, Religion, and the Quest for Justice. New York: iUniverse, 2004. The article addresses racial discrimination by focusing on the current world. The racial discrimination has been the main problem in the American society. Despite the success of enacting the bill of rights and other affirmative action legislation, several challenges still exist in the integration of the various races in the society. The government is not helping much because it uses the same racial terms to define the population either as Black, Hispanic or white. Such description in government registration and legal forms illustrate the power of ethnicity and race in defining the society. Despite the struggle to eliminate racial discrimination, several social issues highlight the level of entrenchment of racial discrimination. For instance after the re-election of president Obama several social platform registered discriminatory quotes linking the president to the race of origin. The problem does not stop in the leadership alone. It covers other sector of the society including the discrimination in media, sports and employment. More vital is the poverty index among the African American which is higher than in any other race within America (Patterson 22). The trends in discrimination have not been changed much owing to the ever increasing glass ceiling separating the races despite the ever increasing affirmative action. The success of the affirmative action has been outweighed by social discrimination. Robberts, Sam. "Poverty Rate Is Up in New York City, and Income Gap Is Wide, Census Data Show." 24 September 2013. New York Times. Online. 12 October 2013. . Although the civil rights movements are associated with the African Americans only, this movement was important for both the whites and the African Americans. After the civil war which was detrimental to America, the country was left with many national issues to address in order to ensure stability of the nation and its people. It was during this period, after the civil war, which is also called the reconstruction period that major civil rights were experience. During this era, America had a considerable number of its population comprising of African Americans. These were former slaves, who upon being freed needed to find land, build homes, settle down and live a free like any other white person. Therefore, the American government had a responsibility of addressing the needs of the former slaves in order to ensure there entry back to the society, as free people. However, when the government failed to address the issues of the African Americans in a fair way, hose would rise up and demand for fair treatment and fair legislation, which did not deny them of the privileges the whites were entitled to. Therefore, this continued struggle for racial equity gave birth to the modern civil rights movement. The situation is evident in the film by addressing the challenges faced in the struggle for equality. Rosenfeld, Jake. "The meaning of poverty and contemporary quantitative poverty research." The British Journal of Sociology (2010): 103-110. Online. . The struggle to eradicate poverty has led to a better understanding of the diverse nature of poverty. In fact, the structural functionalism theory states that society is an organized harmonious institution and the individual sectors operate as a function. These sectors include education, religion and economics which function together as a unit. In the macro level perspective, poverty exists in the society to serve a specific function. Townsend argues that the virtual belief that poverty has been eliminated in Britain which is not true (Townsend 48). The argument is based on three generalizations, which are viewed as facts. The first generalization is based on full employment. Combined with larger real wages and enormous increase in number of women paid in employed, full employment has contributed in the change and prosperity. The second generalization was the existence of redistribution of income from rich to poor which is continued equalization of income and wealth. The welfare state organization has created a net which holds the sick, disabled, the old and unemployed and helps them avoid slipping into a level below the accepted subsistence level. Rosenfeld, Jake. "The meaning of poverty and contemporary quantitative poverty research." The British Journal of Sociology (2010): 103-110. Online. . Rosenfed addresses the meaning of poverty through study by arguing that the study of poverty has not been developed theoretically in the 21st century. In fact, during the postwar period, social scientists developed a notion that the poverty was a solved problem. The twin development of the welfare state expansion and economic growth was thought to improve the quality of life, but the elimination of poverty could not be achieved. From the perspective of the 20th century social scientist, the postwar period offered an opportunity to eliminated poverty as a social condition. The role of the state in establishing the poverty standard illustrates the function of poverty in the society because it defines the nature of the society in terms of wealth. The level determined by the government is to serve the interest of the state and obfuscate the poverty trends in the country especially when the trend is upwards. The creation of poverty as a function in the government will ensure the creation of positive attitude, which may not be true because it may excuse the lack of progress in ameliorating poverty. Works Cited Patterson, John. The Bill of Rights: Politics, Religion, and the Quest for Justice. New York: iUniverse, 2004. Robberts, Sam. "Poverty Rate Is Up in New York City, and Income Gap Is Wide, Census Data Show." 24 September 2013. New York Times. Online. 12 October 2013. . Rosenfeld, Jake. "The meaning of poverty and contemporary quantitative poverty research." The British Journal of Sociology (2010): 103-110. Online. . Townsend, Peter. "The meaning of poverty." The British Journal of Sociology (2010): 85-102. Print. Read More