Analysis of Human Development Stages - Term Paper Example

Running heading: RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 1 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STAGES BIRTH TO 2 YEARS The first moment the baby encounters this world, it cries because it is new world and experience of which it does not know what will become of it as it grows up. Therefore, at this stage baby learns how to trust and who to count on to help it navigate through this new experience. The first people it becomes in contact with it is its mother, father and other primary caregivers, whom it forms ascertain kind of relationship. As days goes by it stay in close contact with its mother whom provides protection, comfort, and food. On the baby learns to trust its mother, as it becomes more ware of its surrounding the baby learns to trust it father and other caregiver though this depends on how they treat it. Thought at times parents may neglect the baby, may be due to workload or alcohol, and the primary caregiver who mistreat them the will grow to mistrust everybody they meet unless and otherwise they proof that they can be trust. Therefore, it is important for parents and other family or caregivers to learn on how to make the baby trust the world around it. This stage lasts until the baby is about two years old. Indentified by a degree of trust the baby as to the people around them, the abnormal thing in this stage is the development of mistrust, when this happens the babies should be encouraged to learn to trust again by both parents and caregivers. WILL 2-4 YEARS OLD As from the age of two, the baby as already learnt to trust or mistrust its surrounding, this stage is characterised by exploration of the surrounding in which the RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 2 Baby is active and moves around, exploring the surrounding. Here parent provide security, and guidance, because if they are left alone they will engage themselves with dangerous objects that may harm them, like parent or caregivers should make sure there are no sharp objects, or dangerous chemicals within their reach. They start developing varies interests, some may like watching cartoons, listening to music, and others may like outdoors. At this stage, parents should encourage the baby to keep exploring other activities that may be of interest to them, to foster the feeling of being trusted, to make their own choices in life. They too learn to be autonomous, though people within their immediate surrounding should encourage them to be independent, the baby learns to satisfy its basic needs, as it could ask for water if it is thirsty, give some indications that its feels hungry and some by now they would be in a position to express themselves. In some instance, parents and caregivers do not fulfil their duties in a manner that would boost confidence. Some will discourage them, by punishing them or calling them names, resulting in the children feeling ashamed at trying a new thing, and doubt themselves, which later in life will affect their initiative abilities. would recommend that parents and caregivers should encourage children to be independent and reward any positive behaviour, so that the child will learn the importance of good deeds which will make them good citizens and responsible in future. Identified by the kind of autonomy they display, and whether they feel ashamed at their bad behaviours. At this stage there are too young to be referred to counsellors, but relay on their parents and immediate family member for guidance and advice. RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 3 PRESCHOOL 4-5YEARS At this stage children start learning basic skills, like counting speaking more clearer, and develop sense of starting and completing tasks on their own for a purpose, learning the principles of physics that things fall down water follows downhill, here the children start testing their initiative abilities, which will enable them to develop leadership skills later in life. They develop more courage and independence that distinguishes this stage from earlier ones. They learn to develop complexities of judgment and its later implications that is whether they will be punished or be rewarded, therefore it is important that parents recognize this and deal according with it in order to boost the effort of the child. At this point, they start feeling guilt for the first time and it becomes confusing for them, its necessary that they are thought how to handle it with care as to allow them to overcome it. Care taken to discourage and negative behavior that they may acquire, because this stage is susceptible, to bad behavior especially after frustrations by failure to achieve their goals, because of these they may become aggressive, and overly assertive to their parents children learn to be initiative and start their own project that may be easy to accomplish on their own. Though at times they take on projects beyond their capacity to accomplish them, hence becoming a bother to others in addition, if parents discourage them or dismiss them of being silly and incapable of completing these tasks, the children may feel guilt. Therefore, think it is important that the parents keep encouraging children in whatever activities they may engage in and instead of discouraging them. RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 4 Identified by the kind of initiation and guilt they experience. For those who display initiation they should be encouraged by everybody to keep doing so, and those who experience guilt should be advised by their seniors’ that its normal to feel guilt especially when one has done wrong but not at all times. COMPETENCE 5-12 YEARS The children being industrious and hardworking characterize this stage, which enables them to become more productive. They become more aware of themselves, they work hard, become more responsible, and their cognitive abilities develop. They can recognize space, time, and can accomplish things that are more complex; like learning, writing, reading, and telling time. Understand moral and traditional values such as culture individual differences in taste, and other preferences. They are at elementary school, and start learning how to be self-confident. Children at this stage start recognizing and expressing their own talents, which should be encouraged and nurtured at all costs, lest they become coach potatoes. At this stage, children may express their independence by being rebellious, disobedient and feel inferior. This rebellion and disobedience, characterize the abnormalities that are associated with this stage, therefore the children who develop these behaviour at worst there be referred to counsellors to guide them on how to overcome this behaviour. Associated with industry and inferiority, here most children, become industrious and hardworking, a behavior that should be encouraged and supported among the children tough inferiority complex should be discouraged at all costs, those who experience it should be referred to counselor to advise them on how to overcome it. RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 5 ADOLESCENCE, 13-19 YEARS Adolescence sets in and the children faced with identity crisis as they are transitioning form a childhood to youth adults with many physical body changes, at this point they may struggle with their look, and want to appearance pleasing and appealing to everybody. They too experience the ability to settle down either at home, school and at their occupation. Some experiment on role-play, either by babysitting, making toy and mimicking their seniors, they learn how to set boundaries, setting boundaries. The major issues at this stage are identity crisis, where teenagers struggle to find out who there are, this could be identified by the need to appeal, experiment on sex, parents should advice them, or their uncle and aunts should teach them about sex now that most schools do not offer sex education. LOVE 20-24 OR 20-40 YEARS Young adults start experiencing intimacy and the need to form intimate relationships, over emphasized at age of 30. At the stage everyone wants to fit in, among his peers, family and the society, though at time they are overwhelmed with emotions of being rejected by the ones they are and want to form intimate relationships with, they experience pain of being rejected by a lover. They learn to make sacrifices, for the ones they love. Isolation is the major negative impact that may occur at this stage and whoever experiences it and actually isolates from the rest should be encourage to go for counseling to help them deal with this negative behavior because that is not the end of live, everyone has someone out there waiting for them to discover. RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 6 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD 25-64 OR 40-64 YEARS Characterized by the generativity that is the need to guide the next generation, through socially valued work and discipline of expression people at the stage they learn to express their love through other means than sexual, the need to maintain health lives, developing the sense of living in unity and harmony with their partners. Take part in the upbringing of children’s and guiding the older ones to become adults that are more responsible in future. Build stable homes, become proud of their achievements, and use leisure time creatively because by now they understood the value of time. Here for those who feel unsatisfied usually despair in life, there fell as failures and get disappointed at them, hence, they should be treated with caution and those who go to the extreme should be referred to psychiatrists for talk therapy. LATE ADULTHOOD, 65-DEATH Most people at this stage are senior citizens and most would have retired from active services, it is the point in time when one reflects on what s/he has accomplished in life. Here the integrity issues is put onto test, those who experience it lead a successive life, and those who luck it become dissatisfied in life, hence the age of retrospection. This stage could be identified by, expression of egoism, and despair among the people who are at this group. Despair being the abnormal behavior at this stage, why one has to despair in life even though they have not really achieved all they set to achieve. For those who despair in life should be referred to counseling groups where there will be taught on how to trust themselves again. RESEARCH AND ANALYSE A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 7 Reference list Erikson Erik H. 1959. ‘Identity and life cycle’ NY international universities. Press. Read More