Conversation Analysis - Case Study Example

Conversation Analysis Introduction Conversation analysis (generally condensed as CA) is the cram of converse in communication (equally oral and non-verbal in situations of daily life). Conversation analysis normally attempts to portray the regulation, configuration and chronological patterns of interface, whether institutional (in educate, a consulting room surgery, court or in a different place) or untailored tête-à-tête (Kelly and Local, 1998). 2. Analytical Overview In recent times, Conversation analysis techniques of chronological psychotherapy have been in employment for occurrence by phoneticians to survey the superior phonetic detail of vocalizations (Kelly and Local, 1998). The technique on average involves manufacture tape-recordings or video recordings of conversations, which are then subjected to meticulous psychiatry—for exemplar, noting the quantity of epoch one individual interrupts an additional, how conversations are initiated, how turns to converse are owed, and together with the extent of pauses, silences, and vocalizations in seconds (Marshall, 1998). Conversation is dissertation reciprocally constructed and negotiated in time between speakers, it is spontaneous and unceremonious (Cook, 1989). Combining the most important conclusion, methods and methodical techniques of this innermost reach of speech and societal interaction, along with real-life examples and bit by bit explanations, Conversation Analysis is the superlative apprentice conduct to the meadow (Sidnell, 2009). It introduces the foremost conclusion, methods and methodical techniques of conversation analysis – an emergent interdisciplinary grassland exploring foreign language and communal dealings (Sidnell, 2009). It focuses on nearly all significant domains of association in tête-à-tête, including turn-taking, action sequencing, refurbish, stories, openings and closings, and the consequence of circumstance (Sidnell, 2009). 2.1 Turn-taking Association Set of practices by which banter is through in and throughout turns. Turn-taking is one of the elementary organizations of discussion. According to CA, the turn-taking classification consists of two mechanisms, the rotate constructional constituent and the revolve portion constituent. (Wikipedia, 2008). 2.2 Turn Allocation Constituent The turn allocation constituent allocate turns amid participants in banter. The three controlled options are: contemporary narrator selects Next Speaker; Next Speaker Self-selects as Next; or Current Speaker Continues (Wikipedia, 2008). 2.3 Succession Association This concerns how proceedings are well thought-out in exchange (Wikipedia, 2008). 2.4 Adjacency pairs Converse tends to transpire in approachable pairs; conversely, the pairs may be opening over a progression of turns (Wikipedia, 2008). 2.5 Accomplishment Configuration This concerns the portrayal of the practices by which turns at talk are serene and situated so as to appreciate one or an additional proceedings (Wikipedia, 2008). 2.6 Contrasts to other theories In dissimilarity to explore enthused by Noam Chomsky which is based on a peculiarity between proficiency and recital and dismisses the essentials of authentic vocalizations as a despoiled form of idealized capability. 3. Analysis and Discussion 3.1 Analysis EXTRACT 1 1. I: ((inaudible)) number two:. Controversial statement (0.9) High (0.4) 99% of them> are Chinese [hhhhhhh] >it’s their first language.> (0.5) Besides um the native language I think English is:: the language that (0.5) °um: many countries in this world use-, to (.) use as > a official language and especially >um:: (0.9) it’s the most popular online language.° 9. I: °Yeah that’s right.° 10. R: ((Whispering)) °Go onto the next one. ° In extract 1, after hearing dialogues between Japanese and a Thai, it sounds like the Thai asks Japanese in interrogating style if he considers English as world’s official language. Thai seems to find out the extent to which Japanese values the English language. Japanese and Chinese are more likely to be against English language. The reason may be competition or so. In this conversation, Japanese disclosed her feelings that she doesn’t consider English as world’s official language but as English is the commonly used language so to support her statement she called English one of the official languages. It seems to be a role play. Japanese emphasized on the word “the” in her first sentence that shows criticism on English as the only official language. Thai seems to be agree with her statement of considering English as one of the official language for a conference at the United Nations as others languages are also spoken there but beside the UN, it has been commonly observed that English is the most common and official language and is a medium of conversation between trading countries with two totally different national languages. Japanese considered the English as the online language. She supports the thought that many people know Mandarin but English language has now become the world’s official language. That remained the maximum that could be shared on this point so whisper of Japanese to move on to the next point discloses her giving limited concentration to this topic. EXTRACT 2 11. I: Okay. SIck people should be able to end their lives. 12. R: Well it (0.9) depends hhh °I think, I don’t know. I have no idea° ,but –hhh if, it, er it was me: (( participants reading notes)) °I. (0.2) I would like to (.) decide what to do. ° Um: hm::, Hey but if we:: if we allowed that thing to happen that okay, (.) if I’m well (.) very sick and I’m, -hhh (0.6) –hhh I don’t want to live anymore> because it’s very torturing>. (.) >But then do you think that we ca:n limit it to only sick people, (.) then if >okay, this thing happen> everybody has got other own free will to live or to die. But then in case that some people >who are not willing to live anymore>,( uh hmm) but they are not sick, so I think that the issue is quite (.) em: >sensitive and complicated>,>< (yeah) so, (.) so: ((Inaudible)) Yeah, (0.3) it’s personal [hhhhhhh]. >Okay> so…< Okay, (.) >for me>, I’m:: I don’t like this idea, °I don’t like this the way of dying, (.)we should >be able> to end our lives. ° Extract two is about the thought if sick people should be able to kill their lives. In line 2, Japanese seems to be a bit touchy to the phrase people should be able to kill their lives. Japanese believes that sick people are not the only people who should be able to kill themselves. Suicide basically refers to disappointment, torture or regret, and it is not only sickness that makes people fed up from their lives. It is the torture, regret and pains that influences one’s mind to think up to that extent. It varies case to case. Everyone doesn’t think in the same way but if someone is in pain and he prefers to die then its his own will. But this case seems too critical and sensitive for Japanese as at the last point of preferring to die, leads her to stop for once to change the topic as no doubt everyone has got a few personal and sensitive reasons to make such a big decision. Thai also seems to agree with her so considering the sensitivity of the topic, finally, in any case and for any reason Japanese doesn’t seem to be in favour of this statement. As per Japanese, it’s not suggested and is not a good choice at all. EXTRACT 3 13. I: A WOman belongs at home, ^oh my God!^ [hhhhhhh] Explain please why, why they put this >middle age> down,[hhhhhhh] 14. R: I don’t like this at all, >a woman belongs at home it sounds like the wOman is the pet.> ((Inaudible)) I don’t think we need to discuss th.hhh.is let me uhmmm. °Let’s go onto the next one. ° [hhhhhhh] Moving on to extract 3, in line 13, Thai doesn’t seem to be in favour of the statement if a woman belongs at home. With her initial statement only, it seems that she is quite against this thought. In line 14 of extract 4, Japanese shows clearly her dislike for the statement. Both the participants are females so it is quite obvious that they may not agree with the thought as it bounds ladies to stay at home and these days, women work side by side with all competent men. If speak generally also, this doesn’t sound good too. Japanese character of extract doesn’t support this thought and is totally against this concept. She is totally against this thought and relates this concept to treating women like a pet. Japanese is so much against this thought that she doesn’t even feel to discuss it in detail. It is of least value to her. EXTRACT 4 15. I: >Okay war is necessary for future peace.> 16. R: °I don’t think so, (0.3) I strongly disagree.(0.3) Ummm >what do you think?> ° 17. I: > Surrounds talk that is faster < < Surrounds talk that is slower (( )) Analyst’s notes REFERENCES Atkinson. (1982). ETHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN CONVERSATION ANALYSIS. Available: http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/emca/mica.htm. Last accessed 13-Dec-09. Cicourel, (1981) ETHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN CONVERSATION ANALYSIS. Available: http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/emca/mica.htm. Last accessed 13-Dec-09. Cook . (1989). Conversational Analysis. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_analysis. Last accessed 13-Dec-09. Garfinkel. (1967). METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN CONVERSATION ANALYSIS.. Available: http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/emca/mica.htm. Last accessed 13-Dec-09. Gordon Marshall. (1998). conversation analysis. 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