Long Term Psychological Effects of Child Abuse - Research Paper Example

Long Term Psychological Effects of Child Abuse Long Term Psychological Effects of Child Abuse The History of Child Abuse Child abuse relates to actions of a caretaker or a parent in physically, sexually, or emotionally mistreating, neglecting, or abandoning a child (Find Law 2015). The history of abuse of children reveals that it is not a recent practice, but efforts to educate people about perceiving children as important started recently. Different parts of the world practiced varied forms of ill-treatment of children, which makes the history variant according to societal beliefs. In the past, policies guarding the children against such abuses failed to have punitive effects on perpetrators. Under the English common law, children were a property of their fathers because women were properties of their husbands for all the time up to the late 1800s. In America, the colonists maintained a similar tradition from the 16th century to the early years of America’s independence. In some cultures such as Ancient Roman traditions, a father could abuse his children without facing punitive measures (Myers, 2008). Some cultures have the history of allowing their children to slavery or even sacrifice their children to appease gods. This essay discusses the history of child abuse and vital period in history when communities, globally, began to advocate child rights. Handling various forms of ill-treatment to children through legal avenues originated from the Anglo-American law. The tradition of a joint law held that men were in charge of the family and acted as both the protectors as well as people mandated to instill discipline. The affected could be children, wives, the extended kin, apprentices, slaves, and servants. As much as the law ensured that males were responsible for clothing, feeding, and sheltering the dependents, it also allowed them some considerable discretion in terms of regulating their behavior. During the 19th century, the forces of urbanization and industrialization loosed communal ties, which had traditionally acted as critical regulators of child neglect and abuse (Abuse Watch, 2015). The instability of capitalism in the market and the dangers originating from diseases and accidents in the American cities resulted in many working-class and poor Americans raising their children with difficulties. Similarly, the larger numbers of the victims of child abuse lived and concentrated in the cities, which gave them a wider view of the public. A majority of these children ended up in the public almshouses in which the livings, as well as working conditions, were deplorable. The growing middle-class held a different view of children, considering them as less productive members of families and as objects of love and care of their parents. Middle-class members did not practice child abuse, but the working and poor families did not have sensitization to stop the action. Reformers, who worked in the private charitable institutions started efforts for ameliorating the problems. At the time, a large number of the cases, which they solved constituted neglect rather than physical abuse. The reformers did not sympathize with the parents concerning their social and economic laboring conditions. Most of the poor parents lost their parental rights in the event that the organizations found them guilty of neglect. Parents of most institutionalized children and labeled as Orphaned had living parents, but who were unable to take sufficient care of them. Reverend Charles Brace established the New York Children Aid Society in 1953 (Abuse Watch, 2015). The latter organization worked under the notion that the unhealthy moral surrounding of the city caused irreparable damages to the children and directed them to vice and crime. Brace founded lodging houses, evening schools, supervised country outings, and occupational training for the poor urban children. The Children’s Aid Society started sending children who are vulnerable to neglect to western states for placement within farm families. Over the next 25 years, there were about 50,000 children sent to the West (CASA, 2015). However, the society failed to follow up the children in their new homes, and a result, they ended up receiving more abuse. Proponents of reforms during the Progressive Era (1880-1920) attempted to rationalize allowances of social welfare services. They desired to increase the role of the state in dealing with abuse, as well as neglect of independent persons, using the doctrine of Parens Patriae. The White House sponsored an initial Conference on Dependent Children and subsequently, it founded the US Children’s Bureau as the first agency for the advocacy of child welfare in the country (Abuse Watch, 2015). The advocates of Child Welfare during the progressive era considered employment of minors in unsupervised and dangerous environments such as hawking of newspapers and coal mining as the primary form of mistreatment. The group worked hard to champion the abolition of such cases using the new state law. There was increased recognition of adolescence as a crucial human developmental stage, which gave a dynamic approach to the protection of child rights. The reformers were able to extend the chronological boundaries of the childhood periods and, this reason; they sought legislation for the children to stay in school and not at work. The group also worked for the development of a juvenile system, which would enable the judges to have a consideration for the psychological needs of the adolescents and keep them distinguished from adult criminals. The first court established for the purpose of juvenile justice was the Cook County, Illinois in 1899. Courts took over various cases of child neglect and abuse from the former bodies. For the next decades, the numbers of children taken care of by foster homes burgeoned. There continued to be spirited efforts for the advocacy and protection of the rights of children for the latter period. The present success and developments in dealing with child abuse relate to the wok of reformers of the Progressive Era. Proponents of reform campaigned for the development of youth protection system through legislative organs such as courts and legal provisions envisioned in the constitution. They also made the definitions for abuse diverse, which attracted the involvement of more parties. Medical profession formed the core of the rights of children by the mid-twentieth century and remains one of the chief participants of the advocacy of rights of minors. References Abuse Watch (2015). The US History of Child Abuse. Retrieved February 1, 2015 from http://www.abusewatch.net/res_us.php CASA (2015). The History of Child Abuse. Retrieved February 1, 2015 from http://www.childenrichment.org/education/child-abuse-history Find Law (2015). Child Abuse Background and History. Retrieved February 1, 2015 from http://family.findlaw.com/child-abuse/child-abuse-background-and-history.html Myers, J. E. (2008). Short History of Child Protection in America. Fam. LQ, 42, 449. Retrieved February 1, 2015 from http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/insights_law_society/ChildProtectionHistory.authcheckdam.pdf Read More