Discussion question - Essay Example

Discussion Question Question The simplest definition of operant conditioning is that, it is a type learning, which occurs through punishments and rewards. Thorndike believed that instrumental conditioning involved learning the relationship between responses and consequences through a process he called trial and error. Therefore, through his experiments using kittens and puzzle box, he developed the “Law of effect” through which he stated that, behaviors, which are followed by pleasant consequences are likely being repeated while those that are followed by unpleasant consequences are likely being stopped.

On the other hand, Skinner believed that the behavior can be predicted and controlled with the right tools. Moreover, he believed that the best manner understanding behavior was looking at the causes of actions and the consequential consequences, a process he called trial and success. In addition, through his experiments just like Thorndike he introduced the ‘reinforcement’ through, which he stated that the behavior that is reinforced is likely to be repeated (Skinner, 1948).Question 2Based on what I have learnt, I believe that there is a distinctive difference between controlling good behavior and bad behavior.

For instance, learning and cognition can best be controlled through reward because reward is likely to reinforce such behavior and thus, is likely to be repeated. For example by congratulating a student for the work well done in class, can be a good motivating factor for stimulating effort and such a student is likely to work harder to do much better again (Miki, 2012). However, criminal behavior should be punished, on the other hand, to discourage repetition. For instance, the best way to discourage a thief from stealing is through administration of punishment e.g. through prosecution and sentence.

Thus, you cannot reward criminal behavior hoping to achieve a favorable response because rewarding will only serve as a motivating factor, thus, encouraging repetition of the behavior (Miki, 2012).ReferencesMiki, K. (2012). Punishment and Reward. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/acquired-spontaneity/201210/punishment-and-rewardSkinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168-172.