Abnormal psychology - Essay Example

_______________________________________________________ Panther ID: ___________________________________________________ PSYC 3140 Abnormal PsychologyFINAL EXAM Read each question carefully and completely, and choose the best answer.1. Which of the following is/are true of psychosis?a. Psychosis may be substance-induced or caused by traumatic brain injuryb. Individuals may experience delusions and hallucinationsc. Individuals experience function impairment d. All of the above e. B & C only2. Rates of schizophrenia are higher among which socioeconomic group?a. Upperb.

Upper-middlec. Middled. Lower e. Rates are equal among socioeconomic groups3. According to the Downward Drift theory…a. Individuals with schizophrenia gradually shift downward in their level of functioning as the disorder progressesb. Functional impairment associated with schizophrenia causes those from higher socioeconomic levels to fall to lower levels and remain there c. The stress of poverty puts those at lower socioeconomic levels at risk for developing schizophreniad. All of the above4.

True or False: Schizophrenia is diagnosed equally in males and femalesa. True b. False5. What is the typical age of onset with schizophrenia?a. Early adolescence to late teensb. Late teens to mid-30s c. Mid-30s to mid-50sd. The age of onset varies so much that there is no typical age6. Which of the following is the best definition of positive symptoms in schizophrenia?a. Those symptoms that are actually beneficial for individuals diagnosed with the disorderb. Pathological deficiencies experienced by those diagnosed with schizophreniac.

Pathological excesses which are bizarre additions to one’s normal behavior d. Psychomotor symptoms that include catatonia7. Which of the following is/are types of positive symptoms?a. Delusionsb. Hallucinationsc. Social withdrawald. All of the abovee. A & B only 8. Which of the following is the best definition of negative symptoms in schizophrenia?a. Those symptoms that are actually beneficial for individuals diagnosed with the disorderb. Pathological deficiencies experienced by those diagnosed with schizophrenia c.

Pathological excesses which are bizarre additions to one’s normal behavior d. Psychomotor symptoms that include catatonia9. Psychomotor symptoms in schizophrenia may include which of the following?a. Awkward movementsb. Odd gesturesc. Facial grimacesd. All of the above 10. Which type of hallucination is experienced most commonly among those diagnosed with schizophrenia?a. Visual hallucinationsb. Auditory hallucinations c. Olfactory hallucinationsd. Tactile hallucinations11. While there are no known causes of schizophrenia, which of the following has received the most research support?a. Biological factors b.

Psychological factorsc. Sociocultural factorsd. All of the above have received equivalent research support12. The diathesis-stress view of schizophrenia’s development suggests that…a. Everyone diagnosed with schizophrenia experiences excessive amounts of stress prior to the onset of the disorderb. For those who inherit a biological predisposition for schizophrenia, the disorder is triggered by exposure to stress c. Those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia have experienced either psychological for physical trauma that causes the disorder to developd.

None of the above13. In research conducted by a team at UCLA, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have been shown to experience brain tissue loss. Extensive loss of brain tissue has been correlated with which of the following?a. Hallucinations b. Anxietyc. Severe mood swingsd. All of the above14. Research suggests that increased risk of schizophrenia is associated with which of the following?a. Alcohol useb. Cannabis use c. Caffeine use15. Which of the following is/are distressing social factors that are often associated with schizophrenia?a. Social labelingb. Stigmac. Family dysfunctiond.

All of the above e. A & C only16. Which of the following is/are aspects of milieu therapy programs for those diagnosed with schizophrenia?a. Creating supportive environmentsb. Promoting productive activityc. Promoting self-respectd. All of the above 17. Token economies are based on which psychological principle?a. Operant conditioning b. Language processingc. Concept formationd. Levels of processing18. Within token economies for schizophrenia, which of the following is/are true?a. Acceptable behaviors, such as completing daily grooming and hygiene, are rewardedb.

Unacceptable behaviors, such as not attending program requirements, are not rewardedc. Individuals in institutional care are heavily medicatedd. A & B only 19. Severe unwanted side effect(s) of conventional antipsychotic drugs discussed in class is/are…a. Reduction in negative symptoms of schizophreniab. Tardive dyskinesia c. Feelings of euphoriad. Increased levels of attention and concentration e. All of the above20. Effective community care for those with schizophrenia likely include…a.

Medicationb. Psychotherapyc. Social skills trainingd. All of the above e. A & B only21. Which of the following is/are key factor(s) related to why less than half of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia receive effective community care?a. Few community programsb. Lack of mental health professionalsc. Funding shortagesd. All of the above e. A & B only22. The two sociocultural therapies for schizophrenia discussed in class are…a. Family therapy and psychoanalysisb. Family therapy and social therapy c.

Existential therapy and social therapyd. Existential therapy and family therapy23. Social therapy for schizophrenia often includes which of the following?a. Social skills trainingb. Medication management c. Career/employment counselingd. All of the above 24. Research has shown that social therapy for schizophrenia is associated with which of the following?a. Reduction in rates of rehospitalizationb. Increases in rates of rehospitalizationc. Significant increase in functional impairmentd. B & C only25.

What were the two main goals of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for schizophrenia that were discussed in class?a. Suppress delusional thoughts and reduce the need for medicationb. Learn to avoid difficult emotions and symptoms of schizophreniac. Reduce the believability of negative private experiences, like delusional thinking, and shift the focus of one’s life to goals and valued-living d. All of the abovee. Both A & B only26. Personality disorders are characterized by which of the following?a. An inflexibility in patterns of inner experiences and behaviors b.

Annoying habits and personality traitsc. Delusional thinkingd. None of the above 27. The onset of personality disorders typically becomes apparent by what age range?a. Infancy to early childhoodb. Mid-childhood to adolescencec. Adolescence to early adulthood d. Late 40s to early 60s28. For all of the personality disorders which of the following is a central or prominent feature of the disorder?a. Relationship problems b. Overly emotionalc. Psychotic-like episodesd. Impulsivity/recklessness29.

One of the diagnostic issues associated with the personality disorders discussed in class is…a. Personality disorders are often under diagnosed, and, therefore, undertreatedb. The symptoms and features of personality disorders overlap so much that it can be difficult to distinguish one disorder from another c. There is concern over the validity, but not reliability, of these diagnostic categoriesd. None of the above30. The most commonly diagnosed personality disorders in which cluster?a. Cluster Ab.

Cluster B c. Cluster Cd. Cluster D31. The Joker character in Batman would most likely meet diagnostic criteria for which of the following disorders?a. Schizophreniab. Bipolar Disorderc. Antisocial PD d. Borderline PD32. Cluster A personality disorders (PDs) are also referred to as which of the following?a. Dramatic PDsb. Odd PDs c. Anxious PDsd. Happy PDs33. Which of the following is/are true of the Cluster A PDs?a. Individuals display behaviors that appear similar to schizophreniab. Individuals’ motivation to seek treatment is typically lowc.

Individuals tend to be socially withdrawnd. All of the above e. A & C only34. Which of the following best characterizes those diagnosed with Paranoid PD?a. They are deeply suspicious and mistrusting of others b. They tend to be happy and easygoingc. They often experience bizarre thinkingd. Both B & C35. From a psychodynamic perspective, how does Paranoid PD develop?a. Biological predisposition for paranoiab. Individuals view the world as hostile because of early interactions with demanding parents c.

Abnormally low levels of serotonind. Both A & C36. While those with Paranoid PD and Schizoid PD both tend to be socially withdrawn, there are some key distinctions. Which of the following is a key distinction discussed in class?a. Individuals with Paranoid PD avoid social situations because they are suspicious of others, and those with Schizoid PD prefer to be alone and are not interested in relationships with others b. Individuals with Schizoid PD avoid social situations because they are suspicious of others, and those with Paranoid PD prefer to be alone and are not interested in relationships with othersc.

Individuals with Paranoid PD exhibit odd behavior, while those with Schizoid PD do notd. Individuals with Schizoid PD exhibit odd behavior, while those with Paranoid PD do not37. Schizotypal PD is characterized by which of the following?a. Odd ways of thinkingb. Behavioral eccentricitiesc. Interpersonal problemsd. All of the above 38. Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) are also referred to as which of the following?a. Dramatic PDs b. Odd PDs c. Anxious PDsd. Happy PDs39. A key feature of Antisocial PD is…a.

Intense social anxietyb. Persistent disregard for and violation of others’ rightsc. Marked mood instabilityd. All of the above40. True or False: Males are much more likely to be diagnosed with Antisocial PD than femalesa. Trueb. False41. From a behavioral perspective, how does Antisocial PD develop?a. Early childhood traumab. Modeling behavior problems from one’s peer group &/or parents c. Low serotonin activity in the braind. Deficiencies in executive functioning42. Borderline PD is characterized by which of the following?a. Mood shiftsb.

An unstable self-imagec. Impulsive behaviord. Unstable interpersonal relationshipse. All of the above 43. When individuals diagnosed with Borderline PD express extreme anger, they are likely to…a. Engage in cuttingb. Go for a walk to calm downc. Binge and purged. All of the abovee. A & C only44. True or False: Males are much more likely than females to be diagnosed with Borderline PD.a. True b. False 45. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is considered the treatment of choice for Borderline PD.

What are some of the goals of DBT that were discussed in class?a. Teach individuals how to tolerate negative emotionsb. Help individuals develop more adaptive social skillsc. Develop problem solving strategies for responding effectively to stressorsd. All of the above 46. Cluster C personality disorders (PDs) are also referred to as which of the following?a. Dramatic PDs b. Odd PDs c. Anxious PDs d. Happy PDs47. Avoidant PD is similar to social phobia, however…a. Individuals with social phobia fear social situations, and individuals with Avoidant PD fear close personal relationships b.

Individuals with Avoidant PD fear social situations, and individuals with social phobia fear close personal relationshipsc. Individuals with Avoidant PD have many friends, and individuals with social phobia almost never have friendsd. Both B & C48. Amy is a 22-year-old female whohad been admitted to the hospital after cutting her wrists and overdosing on aspirin. She is a very intelligent student and an accomplished musician; however, she has never been able to achieve any close, meaningful long-term relationships.

 She reports having always felt deeply alone in life.  Her parents were well-meaning but largely insensitive and constantly invalidated her emotions and did not offer much emotional support. The only times that she felt they showed any sincere concern for her wellbeing was when she would cut herself. Recently, Amy broke up with her boyfriend of 1 month and feelsabandoned byhim. He told her that he was tired of her constant shifts in mood and her view of him: one minute he was the best guy in the world, and the next minute she was screaming that she hated him.

Amy continues to go to school and function day to day, but she also continues to cut her wrists when she feels strong emotionsor after disappointments in relationships.Based on the information in the example above, which diagnosis is most appropriate for Amy?a. Avoidant PDb. Obsessive-Compulsive PDc. Borderline PD d. Antisocial PD49. Ted has recently been arrested for the third time in 2 months for starting a bar fight. This time he assaulted someone so violently that he had to be rushed to the emergency room.

Ted has also been arrested in the past for car-jacking an elderly woman. He said it was her own fault for not parking in the space evenly, and he was just doing everyone a favor by keeping her off the road. Ted seems to have always gotten in trouble. During his adolescence he had been suspended from school multiple times for hitting other students. His mother also caught him vandalizing a neighbor’s house. When he was 16, he killed his sister’s cat by stomping on it and repeatedly throwing it against a wall.

He wanted it to stop meowing. When his sister cried and screamed, Ted just laughed. Based on the information in the example above, which diagnosis is most appropriate for Ted?a. Avoidant PDb. Obsessive-Compulsive PDc. Borderline PD d. Antisocial PD 50. What is the name of the dog whose picture has appeared in every lecture PowerPoint this semester and whose picture is below? (*Hint: his name is appropriate given his physical appearance). a. Scrappyb. Scruffy c. Fluffyd. Fido