Personality and Blood Type - Admission/Application Essay Example

Personality and blood type School: Introduction The study Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model was carried out by Kenneth Cramerand Eiko Imaike in 2000; the study was revised by the authors in 2001 and accepted during the same year, but was not published until 2002. According to the topic covered through Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model, it is possible that there is a relationship between the blood type of individuals and their personality. Different studies have continued to explore the relationship between the two, despite the fact that there is no consensus about the relationship between the personality characteristics of the people of the same blood type. The current study, Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model explored seven hypotheses formulated from previous studies, based on the five-factor model of personality. The researchers studied 400 university students, gauging them on the five subscales of personality, and the results of the study indicated that blood type does not affect an individual’s personality. Perspective The researchers that did the Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model study used the biological perspective. The biological perspective is the outlook of psychological issues, in a manner entailing the exploration of physical explanations for human and animal behavior. It is one among the main psychological perspectives, and it involves the exploration of physical and biological functions like genetics, the immune system and the nervous systems to explain the behavioral differences of animals and human beings (Cramer & Imaike, 2002, pp. 621-622). A number of the features of the article – as presented in the introduction – match the definition and the scope of the perspective in a variety of ways. Firstly, the study is seeking to study the relationship between the behavior of the subjects (personality) and their physical bodily functions, in this case their blood groups. The evidence of the exploration of the relationship between behavior and biological/ physical functions include that the researchers sought to explain the behaviors related to personality types, namely extraversion among the others, with the biological differences of blood groups, including A and B among others. The second similarity between the introduction of the article and the viewpoint of the perspective is that the researchers studied the psychological differences of the subjects, through the exploration of their biological/ physical basis. Further evidence that the researchers adopted the biological perspective is evident from the hypotheses of the study, including that they postulated higher extraversion levels among the subjects of blood groups AB and O (Cramer & Imaike, 2002). The relationship being explored, between the biological and the psychological aspects of the respondents was the fact that the researchers sought to establish a relationship between the blood groups and the personality types of the subjects. Method The researchers used the survey method of study, during the exploration of the relationship between the blood groups and the personality types of the subjects covered by the study (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister & Jeanne, 2011, pp. 161). The survey method is the research model used to evaluate the opinions, thoughts and the feelings of the subjects. Survey research can be wide or streamlined in coverage; the goals of the study can be limited to the boundaries of a family or the entire world (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister & Jeanne, 2011, pp. 161-163). From the review of the information presented in the methodology section of the article, it was evident that there were a variety of similarities between the researches matched to the survey research method. The first feature shared between the study and the survey method is that, the researchers used the survey method to study the thoughts of the subjects, about their personality types and traits. The evidence of this similarity is the fact that, the researchers considered the blood group of the subjects the independent variable, and then relied on the thoughts and the feelings of the subjects to establish the relationship between blood group and personality types. The second similarity between the survey research method and the information presented in the methodology section was that it sought to compare the attitudes of the different subjects. Thirdly, the tool of study used for the study demonstrated a similarity between the survey method and the information presented through the methodology section is that the researchers used questionnaires as the tool of study (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2009). The evidence in support of this similarity is the fact that the researchers used the NEO-PI questionnaire model in studying the personalities of the subjects. Further, there is the similarity that the researchers used the sample studied to represent the rest of the population sharing the same biological characteristics, in this case the blood groups of individuals. In essence, this means that the average of the conclusions drawn from the subjects of blood group O would be generalized for the general population of blood group O. The last characteristic shared between the two is that the ease of collecting the information made it easier and simpler for the researchers to study the 246 subjects covered by the study. Procedure During the administration of the researchers sought to study the relationship between the blood group and the personality types of the subjects of the study. During the administration of the study, the researchers picked 339 female and 107 male undergraduate students from the psychology department of Windsor University. During the selection of the sample for the study, the researchers chose subjects averaging the age of 20.9 years. The students were promised to be offered course credit after completing the study, and all the subjects were covered by the study after giving their informed consent (Cramer & Imaike, 2002). After giving informed consent, the students gave information about their blood groups, and then were given the NEO-PI questionnaire to complete. The NEO-PI questionnaire is used when studying the five aspects of an individual’s personality. The students responded to the 60 questions in the questionnaire, by identifying a point out of the five-item likert scale. After the completion of the survey, the students were given information about the results expected from the study and also the purpose of the study. Results After the survey, the researchers had to remove 12 female and 15 male profiles, because the subjects that had completed them had not given information on their blood type. Among the remaining 415 questionnaire results tendered by the male and the female subjects of the study, 128 subjects belonged to blood group A. The total number of blood group A subjects was comprised of 106 female and 22 male (Cramer & Imaike, 2002). The total number of blood group B students was 101, and out of the total, 68 were female and 33 were female. The AB blood group subjects were 57, out of which there were 38 females and 19 males. The blood group O students covered by the study were 133, and among them, 115 were female and 18 were male. The chi-square analysis of the findings of the study showed that the blood type of the subjects was not independent from sex. The study of the data showed that blood type B was more common among males but there were fewer male blood type Os than the study anticipated. The analysis of the variance of the five personality predispositions, including extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness and neuroticism was conducted, on the basis of blood type and sex as independent variables. A means analysis showed that males scored lower on the neuroticism and agreeableness scales than female (Cramer & Imaike, 2002). The data collected showed that there was not interaction between sex and blood type among the subjects. The results of the study showed that there was almost an insignificant interaction between the different personality variables and the blood types of the subjects. References Cramer, K., & Imaike, E. (2002). Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(4), 621–626. Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2009). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Shaughnessy, J., Zechmeister, E., & Jeanne, Z. (2011). Research methods in psychology (9th Ed). New York: McGraw Hill. Read More