Attitude of entitlement in American society - Term Paper Example

? ATTITUDE OF EN MENT Attitude of en ment in American society Two articles as will be discussed below were developed to validate the sense of Attitude Entitlement (SAE). The articles will clearly point out the importance and unique nature of such an attitude through the theories presented by the evidence from experiments. From the previously mentioned analyses, five factors are found which openly demonstrates the three fundamental entitlements and attitudes in the American society, concerning romantic partners (Salamone & Morris, 2012). Study 1 In study 1, several issues are examined ranging from the convergent, discriminate and construct validity concerning the Sense of Attitude Entitlement (SAE) (Salamone & Morris, 2012). This research is done by developing a judgment of the actual relationship that exists between the SAE scores and other existing variables. The variables range from the scales of attracting narcissism, the worldwide sense of Entitlement and all the orientations that relate to various orientations. Under this study, the sampled participants covered the SAE scale as a group referring from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Other references that the participants depended on include; Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) as well as the ECR scale. These tools assist the participants in tapping the required attachment anxiety and avoidance. The same sampling method was employed to reach the participants where 182 men and women were selected. The participants were though were volunteers who engaged in the study without the expectation of the monetary award and as a matter of fact they were all involved in a romantic relationship. Through randomized questionnaires, it was ensured that they all reached the participants. They then filled completely the battery of the provided self-report scales in manageable smaller groups. The SRE scales they filled contained the 33-items defined in study 1. The results indicated a direct relationship of the total SR score and the four SAE factors. They include; the vigilance concerning the negative factors within partners and their relationship, how sensitive the relations are between transgressions and frustrations, what the partners expect in terms of attention and understanding and lastly the assertiveness in terms of entitlement (Salamone & Morris, 2012). The findings though showed very thin correlation with the total PES score as well as the NPI entitlement scores. Study 2 The major objective of study 2 is to form a self-report scale to help judge an individual’s sense of entitlement through an engagement of a romantic relationship (Salamone & Morris, 2012). The study goes further to conduct an examination of the factor structure is modelling around the attitudes of normal entitlements or excessive entitlements vs. the attitudes of restricted entitlement or non-entitlement at all. Furthermore, it is at study 2 where we examine the new scales and how they associate with each individual’s personality traits, their mental health, and the satisfaction to marriage. In the method, a group of 687 participants are selected men and women then a questionnaire is administered to them before a variety of statistical techniques are deduced. A principal component factor analysis is conducted for the sake of examining the factor structure of the SAE constructed around three theoretical forms of entitlement. The findings of the first study reveal that there is a considerable relationship between the problematic portion of the relational entitlement depending on which form it takes and the multiple forms of psychological functioning that include; lowered self-esteem, insecure attachment orientations, negative mood, feeling of stress, loneliness, neuroticism, lack of life satisfaction and social anxiety (Salamone & Morris, 2012). The results further bring to the surface the relationship between an aspect of relational entitlement that is assertive and here more components of entitlement that are adaptive are looked at vs. more adaptive forms of functioning of the psychology. Aspects such as self-esteem and secure attachment as observed did not relate well with less depression or anxiety about better quality in marriage. In addition, the relations within and without the various aspects of sense of Attitude entitlement and the attachment of insecurities brings forth the individuality aspect of variability (Salamone & Morris, 2012). Through this a perspective is presented where a relationship is formulated between the quality of bonds created through emotions and attachment figures right from infancy through to the part where these figures are the origin of safe havens and secure base hence formidable for dealing with. Discussion and recommendation Based on clinical evidence and a number of other approaches, there are other variety of pointers towards the importance and uniqueness of entitlement most specifically in romantic relationships (Volkan, 2008). The current study developed as a control of the other two studies provides an explanation through developing the SAE scale to be a valid measure of such a construct. With such a wonderful objective in mind, 33 items with roots from clinical sources are formulated integrating both the psychoanalytic and the social exchange theories. Thereafter, a factor analysis is conducted on these items at once and these analyses yielded the range of five factors, which touches broadly from entitlement related attitudes all the way to the romantic partners. While the factors dealing with the four variables like- vigilance on all the negative factors that would affect a relationship between partners; how sensitive partners are to the relationships between transgressions and frustrations. Additionally, expectations of partners of attention and understanding off feeling expressions of the sense of entitlement, the assertive factor tends to lean on the side that expresses entitlement in terms of the healthy aspect of the entitlement itself. The restricted entitlement factor on the other side represents the expression of romance as a limited sense of entitlement (Volkan, 2008). Actually, from the deduction of the two studies represented, it is worthwhile to note that a person’s sense of entitlement can be defined as the subjective view of a case deserved by an individual given or presented with a given situation (Volkan, 2008). This is normally interpreted as the major face of the construct defined above as the construct itself receives a growing attention in terms of engagement psychologically and through research. despite being an existence of peculiarly many areas of which one’s sense of entitlement can be observed, the growth of the same and most specifically within romantic relationships cannot be underestimated as it leads to issues such as dissolution of such relationships, abuse existing or arising in case they did not exists and ultimately violence. In addition, it is evident from the studies that there is no tool that is yet developed to make valid judgment concerning the sense of entitlement particularly within closed relationships (Salamone & Morris, 2012). Through the psychoanalytic scholars as observed through the studies, a very important development to aid in understanding the sense of entitlement is formulated. It is through such developments that the subject is linked to self-esteem; further divided into three aspects of normal, adaptive, and exaggerated senses of entitlement (Volkan, 2008). These gave birth to excessive entitlement, restricted entitlement, and actual non-entitlement. This idea is further strengthened in the current study that develops a self-report scale with the sole objective of bringing a clear distinction between the sense of entitlement and the bonds that exists within romantic relationships. Referring from the research done in the past and clinical deduction, the current study as well results into the three differentiations of entitlement attitudes. The experiments also identifies the sense or aspect under which the factor structure is thoroughly examined through the scale and related to the other constructs such as those for personality and health. From the findings, it is prudent to reiterate the fact that the studies of the differences that exists between sensitive and compulsive care giving is directly linked to the development of the sense of entitlement and most specifically in romance as defined by study 1 and 2 as the attitudes themselves are activated through different motives emanating from the Americans (Volkan, 2008). References Salamone, C. M., & Morris, G. (2012). Rescue America: our best America is only one generation away. Austin, Tex.: Greenleaf Book Group Press. Volkan, V. D. (2008). Attitudes of entitlement: theoretical and clinical issues. 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