Community Analysis: Atlantic City - Case Study Example

Community Analysis Paper Affiliation SECTION I Definition of the Atlantic NJ Community This paper entails a project on community analysis. The community being analyzed is the Atlantic City, New Jersey Community. Atlantic City is typically a resort city located in Atlantic County in New Jersey State. The aspect of being a resort city started from its nature and geographical location. In fact, the first commercial hotel was built in 1853. The city has been in existence since 1854 when it was incorporated from some portions of Galloway Township and Egg Harbor Township. Atlantic City is specifically located on the Absecon Island on the Atlantic Ocean coast. Table 1 shows the Geographic Attributed of Atlantic City (ProximityOne; Census Bureau; BLS, 2014). Table 1: Geographic Attributed of Atlantic City (ProximityOne; Census Bureau; BLS, 2014) Geographic Attributes Atlantic City New Jersey Land area in square miles, 2010 10.75 7,354.22 Persons per square mile, 2010 3,680.80 1,195.50 FIPS Code 2080 34 Counties Atlantic County The city and its community are famous for the beach and casino boardwalk. All its economic activities developed from the city’s location and attractiveness as a promising resort center in the state of New Jersey. By the year 2010, according to the 2010 US Census, Atlantic City had a total population of 39,558 (New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, 2012). This population reflected a decline in population change by about -2.4% from the 2000 US Census’ 40,517. Since the 2000 US Census reflected an increase in population change from the 1990 US Census, it can be asserted that the community has been showing an unpredictable trend in population growth. Its location within South Jersey made the city to be viewed by developers as a prime real estate as well as a potential resort town (Newburger, Sands, & Wackes, 2012). This was also the case because of its geographic location in which it hugs the Atlantic Ocean between island and marshlands. Figure 1 shows its geographic location Figure 1: Geographic Location of Atlantic City Community (Official Tourism Website of New Jersey, 2014) Regarding its incorporation in 1854, the process of being incorporated happens within the same year in which the Atlantic and Camden Railroad rain service had been started. The railroad services opened way for more complex economic activities that ultimately contributed to the growth of the city. The railroad service provided a direct link to Philadelphia, which was a remote land. About a half a million people were migrating to the city by the railway every year. The condition of the city community today can be attributed to Jonathan Pitney, who has been considered “Father of Atlantic City” due to his commitment in developing the city as a major health resort in the country (Strauss, 2010).Jonathan Pitney convinced the city municipal authorities about the importance of building a railroad to the Atlantic beach (Strauss, 2010). Today, Atlantic City has become seaside resort as well as a gaming capital for the east coast capital. The city hosts over 30 million visitors annually. The city’s economic activities and geographic location has made it one of the most attractive and popular tourist destinations within the United States. Even more to the community’s advantage, over $1.7 billion of investments has been initiated in the recent years. The major investment is in the city’s casino resorts as well as in the hotel industry (Official Tourism Website of New Jersey, 2014). SECTION II Assessment The community of Atlantic City is characterized by people of different racial origins, economic abilities, and social classes. According to the 2010 United States Census data, the community of Atlantic City consisted of 39,558 people by the year 2010. This population was typically divided among 15,504 households and among 8,558 families that were considered to be residing within the city ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey, 2010). The same data revealed a population density of 3,680.8 individuals per square mile. Housing units were 20,013 at an average housing density of about 1,862.2 per square mile. As mentioned earlier, the city community is characterized by people from different racial origins (United States Census Bureau, 2010). In this regard, the entire population consists of about 26.65% of White population, 38.29% of African Americans, 0.61 of Native Americans, 15.55% Asians, 0.05% of Pacific Islanders, 14.03% of other races, and about 4.82% of two or even more races. The Latinos/Hispanics constitutes the largest proportion consisting of 30.45% of the city population according to the United States Census Bureau (2010). It is also affirmed that out of the 15,504 households, 27.3 per cent lived with children less than 18 years of age. Married couples constituted of 25.9% while about 22.2 per cent of the household consisted of a female householders with no presence of a husband (United States Census Bureau, 2010). The largest percentage (44.8%) of these households consisted of people who lived as non-families. Out of all the households, 37.5% consisted of single individuals while 14.3% consisted of single individuals aged at least 65 years old. It was also estimated that the average household was 2.5, while the average family size was estimated at 3.34 (United States Census Bureau, 2010). Health Resources The first healthcare center in Atlantic City was the Atlantic City Campus of the Atlantic Care Regional Medical Center, also known as the ARMC Atlantic Campus. It was founded in 1898. The healthcare center has remained the most important healthcare in the city and the entire region for more than a century. It provides a wide range of health services including acute care services within city and its surrounding region. The health center had developed into a 276-bed and a teaching hospital. It also provides treatment services for Level II Trauma. Other major health services include dealing with psychiatric crisis, surgical weight loss, as well as inpatient/ambulatory healthcare services which include obstetric and gynecology. The ARMC Atlantic City Campus has been featuring physicians who are dedicated in carrying healthcare services for the critically ill and injured patients. In-house anesthesiologists, surgeons, and board certified emergency physicians have been always available to ensure that all patient needs are met. Similarly, there are various educational and occupational health services offered in the Atlantic City to its community. Nevertheless, the tourism and convention industries constitute the major contributors of the economy, which implies that most other services rely on such industries. Other industries also form part of the city’s economy including educational, health, and social service industries. The most of the health services are meant to generate better physical, emotional, as well as spiritual wellness (Public Information Office, Atlantic City, 2014). The city community benefits from a number of services from various organizations and support groups. Adult protective services are basically available and are designed to protect the frail and vulnerable individuals in the Atlantic City community. Adult vaccination services are also offered by the Division of Public Health without any charges (Public Information Office, Atlantic City, 2014). For residents in bordering homes as well as within licensed healthcare facilities, Bordering Homes and Healthcare Facility Resident Services are provided. Other important services include Community Mediation Services to deal with community disputes within the city, dental services such as from John Cronin Dental Center, FIX-IT programs available to citizens of at least 60 years of age facing safety risks, and various home care services provided by the Office of Home Care (Public Information Office, Atlantic City, 2014). Regarding education provision services, students are served by the Atlantic City School District from the pre-kindergarten level to their twelfth grade. The major schools include Venice Park School, Brighton Avenue School, Chelsea Heights School, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. School Complex, and New York Avenue School among others. Other than education and work, people are engaged in other programs through self-help and support groups as well as service organizations that promote faith-based programs. These include religious groups like churches and mosques as well as non-governmental organizations. Citizen safety and protective services Citizen safety and protection is always a priority in every community. This aspect has been highly considered in Atlantic City as well. Citizen safety and protection mainly entails fire and police protection services. Police services are offered by the Atlantic City Police Department. This law enforcement agency serves the entire Atlantic City community. The agency is divided into various units in order to enhance protection effectiveness. The units include Patrol Unit, Accident Investigation Unit, and Traffic Unit. Other support units include Vice, Investigations, Internal Affairs, and Support. To boost the services offered, there have been plans to replace the City police force with county-based police service (HARPER, LEMONGELLO, & COHEN, 2014). Regarding fire protection, fire-protection systems are designed to reduce the effect of fire outbreak within the city. There have been also plans to enforce fire codes for protecting the community from any dangers posed by fire (Firesprinklerpro Website, 2014). This plan has been initiated by the Federal government, the State government, insurance companies, OSHA, and Atlantic City authorities. Citizens are generally encouraged to practice fire safety measures and comply with the respective fire codes. Another major protection service involves shelters for all victims of abuse in the city. Abuse shelters as well as organizations for assisting victims of violence have been established. One of the shelters is the New Jersey Women’s Shelter established in the city as one of the key centers within the New Jersey State. Similar shelters for abused men and teens are also available. The shelters entail transnational housings, residential treatment centers, as well as residential services for the abused individuals. Services like rehab treatment on alcohol and drugs are provided. All citizens are generally encouraged to be corporate citizens. Recreation Recreation facilities and services within the city are governed by the office of Recreation and Cultural Affairs. This office does this provision with a view of promoting tourism in the city. Family resorts as well as convention centers are part of the recreation process in the city. The office governing recreation activities allows the community to benefit from family resorts and convention centers through special events and activities as well as other forms of entertainment services (City of Atlantic City, 2014). Biostatistics (7 points) Table 3 below depicts the biostatistics of the Atlantic City Community. The table presents such aspects like demographic variables including dependency ration, ethnic characteristics, median education level, unemployment rate, per capita income, as well as the percent of families living under the poverty level. The table also provides the vital statistics regarding vital statistics on birth and death rates, mortality for leading causes of death, and infant mortality. Health statistics regarding the morbidity of major communicable diseases such as AIDS, STDs, TB is presented including incidences of child abuse and neglect, teenage pregnancy, other disease identified by community as significant, incidence of crime. Table 3: Biostatistics of the Atlantic City Community Table 2: Atlantic City Demographics based on the 2010 United States Census Data Demographics Atlantic City New Jersey Population, 2012 estimate 39,504 8,867,749 Population, 2010 (April 1) estimates base 39,558 8,791,909 Population, percent change, April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 -0.10% 0.90% Population, 2010 39,558 8,791,894 Persons under 5 years, percent, 2010 7.80% 6.20% Persons under 18 years, percent, 2010 24.60% 23.50% Persons 65 years and over, percent, 2010 12.70% 13.50% Female persons, percent, 2010 51.00% 51.3%  White alone, percent, 2010 (a) 26.70% 68.60% Black or African American alone, percent, 2010 (a) 38.30% 13.70% American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent, 2010 (a) 0.60% 0.30% Asian alone, percent, 2010 (a) 15.60% 8.30% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent, 2010 (a) Z 0.00% Two or More Races, percent, 2010 4.80% 2.70% Hispanic or Latino, percent, 2010 (b) 30.40% 17.70% White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent, 2010 16.00% 59.3%  Living in same house 1 year & over, percent, 2008-2012 86.00% 90.00% Foreign born persons, percent, 2008-2012 27.90% 20.80% Language other than English spoken at home, pct age 5+, 2008-2012 41.80% 29.60% High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25+, 2008-2012 68.50% 87.90% Bachelors degree or higher, percent of persons age 25+, 2008-2012 15.80% 35.40% Veterans, 2008-2012 2,009 457,724 Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16+, 2008-2012 20 30.3 Housing units, 2010 20,013 3,553,562 Homeownership rate, 2008-2012 33.60% 66.20% Housing units in multi-unit structures, percent, 2008-2012 68.30% 35.90% Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2008-2012 $220,400 $337,900 Households, 2008-2012 16,101 3,186,878 Persons per household, 2008-2012 2.41 2.7 Per capita money income in past 12 months (2012 dollars), 2008-2012 $18,850 $35,928 Median household income, 2008-2012 $29,886 $71,637 Persons below poverty level, percent, 2008-2012 29.90% 9.90% Table 2 shows the biostatistics for the Atlantic City Community. It shows the population change from 2010 to 2012 based on estimated 2012 projections. It also shows the percentage of persons between 18 years and 65 years of age and those above the 65 year age mark. The table also shows data on the percentages regarding different races, children born of foreign race, households, housing units, languages spoken, and education data among other important facts. SECTION III Analysis and Diagnosis of Problems and Assets The analysis of problems within the Atlantic City community involves health issues and assets as well as the diagnosis of such issues. Like any other community, this community is faced with various problems. Such problems have initiated the development of facilities and services aimed at solving them. Community Identified Health Needs and Assets The Atlantic City community has been facing many health problems. Such health problems have been the major reason for the creation and development of various health centers within the city to serve all members of the Atlantic City community. In order to obtain adequate and first hand information regarding community health needs and assets, an interview had to be conducted. The interview was conducted on key informants including a resident of the city, a key leader, and a healthcare professional. The interview involved seeking information regarding their respective perceptions on the prevailing health needs, health concerns, health issues, as well as community assets. Three interviews are adequate in determining the health needs, problems, and issues, as well as the community assets. Generally, the assessment of the Atlantic City community health needs is important for the wellbeing of the area community. The data and the results would be used to identify any local barriers to both health and the wellbeing of the city residents including other residents within the entire Atlantic County (Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation, 2013). The data from the interviews will also identify the community concerns in order to initiate the development of a meaningful action plan. Assessment of the community assets would be used alongside the health needs, problems, and concerns to facilitate suggestions for the replacement and application of the necessary resources for ensuring that the maximum effectiveness possible is reached in addressing such needs, problems, and concerns (Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation, 2013). The interviews are structured as shown below: I. Interview with a Healthcare Nurse This interview involves questions on the way you think the city authorities have dealt with health needs of the community, the key concerns/issues and how they seem to affect common people, associated problems, and accessibility of health facilities within the Atlantic City Community. The questions will be provided with the faith that you will answer accordingly and freely. You have the right to skip any question if you feel that it is against your will/principles. We promise that the information you provide will be held confidential and no disclosed directly to any third party without your approval. You cooperation will therefore be highly appreciated. Kindly respond to the following questions: i. What is your profession? ii. In which hospital do you work? iii. As a nurse, what motivates you in your work? iv. What are the major health needs among people in the community does your health organization try to meet each day? v. What are your organization’s major concerns in dealing with the prevailing health issues within the community? vi. What role do you play in the health sector to address some of needs/concerns as a professional nurse? vii. What do you think about the health services offered by other health practitioners in general? viii. Does your healthcare organization receive any aid from the city authorities? ix. Do you think that the local government is doing something to deal with the prevailing health issues? x. Given a chance, what health assists/facilities would you suggest to be added/improved? II. Interview with the Atlantic City Mayor This interview entails questions regarding your perception towards the current health Needs, concern in the general heath sector within Atlantic City, health problems, and the availability/accessibility of health facilities within the Atlantic City Community. The questions will be provided with the faith that you will answer accordingly and freely. You have the right to skip any question if you feel that it is against your will/principles. We promise that the information you provide will be held confidential and no disclosed directly to any third party without your approval. You cooperation will therefore be highly appreciated. Please respond to the following: i. What is your official professional? ii. What leadership position do you hold in the community? iii. How do you perceive the current health needs within the Atlantic City community? iv. As a key leader political leader in the community, have done anything to meet such health needs and people concerns in the community? v. Have you initiated any contribution to enhance healthcare accessibility among all people in the community especially those unable to afford some important healthcare services? vi. Do you have any plans to advocate for the enhancement of any of the existing health facilities in Atlantic City? vii. Are there any future plans to improve healthcare in general within the Atlantic City community? viii. Do you have any advice to the city’s healthcare professionals and management regarding healthcare service provision to the community? III. Interview with a resident of Atlantic City This interview entails questions regarding your perception towards the current health Needs, concern in the general heath sector within Atlantic City, health problems, and the availability/accessibility of health facilities within the Atlantic City Community and how the city leaders have been trying to solve the issue. The questions will be provided with the faith that you will answer accordingly and freely. You have the right to skip any question if you feel that it is against your will/principles. We promise that the information you provide will be held confidential and no disclosed directly to any third party without your approval. You cooperation will therefore be highly appreciated. Kindly answer the following questions: i. For how long have been a resident of Atlantic City? ii. Throughout your residency in the city, what have observed in the community regarding healthcare needs? iii. How do people perceive the healthcare services provided by the various hospitals and clinics in the community? iv. Specifically to you, how close to you are the nearest health facilities in your community? v. Do you feel the current distance from your closest healthcare center is good enough? vi. Are there other people within the community whose distance from their nearest healthcare facility is wanting? vii. Are you comfortable with the healthcare services provided by healthcare facilities in your community? viii. Do you find yourself having to move out of the city in search of better healthcare services? ix. If yes, what is main reason for that; high costs of healthcare services in your community or poor healthcare services/ facilities? x. Are people happy about the current healthcare services? xi. Do you have anything else to comment about the current healthcare in the Atlantic City community? Problem or Asset Identification/ Community Diagnosis Based on the data obtained from the interviews, the Atlantic City community is still far from achieving full satisfaction from the services offered by the local healthcare facilities. The interview data depicted that the community and leaders have significant confidence in the healthcare services offered locally. This perception is based on the fact that health needs and issues/concerned are in every community within the United States and elsewhere in the world. Some of the healthcare needs addressed include special healthcare needs among children, women’s healthcare needs, special healthcare needs for men, special health needs for the elderly, and emergency healthcare needs among others. A wide variety of healthcare health conditions have been found to exist in the community including physical, psychological, and mental health conditions. Most of these health concerns are addressed locally in the Atlantic City. There are relatively adequate health facilities/assets to handle all the health conditions, but members of the community feel that something needs to be done to ensure improvement. The local leaders have been trying to transform the healthcare facilities to ensure that the local community does not spend more money and time looking for healthcare services outside the city unless they are doing so for other reasons other than quality and high cost of locally available healthcare services. Furthermore, the available healthcare facilities and assets may not be able to sustain the ever increasing population in the city. Population increase is generating even more healthcare needs thereby contributing to more concerns regarding the ability to sustain the increasing population. People, health professionals, and leaders therefore feel that the current healthcare sector in the community is adequate, but it may not be able to sustain the city’s future population due to the existing trend in population increase. SECTION IV Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation This section entails the planning, implementation, as well as the evaluation of the chosen problem facing the community. The problem addressed in this case the increasing healthcare needs in the city community, which consequently compels the ability of the available healthcare facilities and healthcare professionals for provide quality and timely healthcare services to the public. An intervention is thus necessary to help meet the needs of the increasing health issues/demands in the Atlantic City community using a grant of $300,000 to be used within a period of three years. Developing the Intervention 1. Identification of the Community Problem Healthcare demands have been increasing each day as the size of the local population keep on increasing. Other than the local residents, healthcare facilities and health professionals are increasingly facing pressure. There is therefore the need to improve the healthcare facilities in order to accommodate more people with various healthcare needs. This will address the prevailing healthcare issues and meet most of the future healthcare demands (Pirie, 1990). The healthcare conditions in Atlantic City are adequate, but the increasing population and visitations imposes pressure on the current facilities and human resources. Based on the interview conducted in Section III, people are satisfied with the available services, but they fear for the worst in the near future. The existing data provides adequate evidence regarding the increase in population and daily visitations attributed to the widening tourism sector. 2. Goal to be Addressed The short-term goal is to ensure smooth deliverance of healthcare services in Atlantic City. Another goal is to ensure that the local healthcare services are highly affordable. Quality of service delivery is also another target of the intervention. The intervention will also ensure that every person in the community and visitors have full access to any healthcare services available in Atlantic City. Long-term goals will be to see the success of the intervention through improved health among people in the city community. The goal will also be identified through increased demand of healthcare services and reduced demand of healthcare services outside the city. 3. Community’s Inputs It would be important seek the opinion of the local community since the intervention is mainly done to meet their healthcare needs. It would be important to identify their healthcare needs by gathering information regarding the same. The community will be reached through media notices/advertisement especially through social media, local newspapers, and local television channels. Prominent celebrated individuals will be used in each case. Tourists may be consulted to give their opinions on how they would wish the local healthcare facilities to meet their demands once needs arise (Kickbusch, 2011). Billboards will be placed on tourism destination to welcome their participation. Interviews and questionnaires will be used to collect data regarding the problem. Incentives for participation in the programs differ each year in which more awareness campaigns will be initiated in year one followed by year 2. The campaigns will be least in year three. 4. Process and Outcome Evaluation Techniques The intervention and its implementation place much priority on the local community. Tourists would also have better healthcare services without compromising with the healthcare needs of the local communities (Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation, 2013). Healthcare professionals will also have improved working environment and more time for their families once more healthcare workers are employed. This is only possible with assistance from various agents like the NGOs, the state government, federal government, and the local government. a. Best Practices to Help Address the Problem To help address the problem, various agents will have to cooperate with the local community to address the problem. The $300,000 grant will be divided into three equal portions of $100,000 for each year to improve the sector. Only important facilities will be improved in the most visited public hospital (Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation, 2013). This choice of hospital will be based on the available healthcare records. Incidents of failures in healthcare delivery will be used as a basis for the intervention in each hospital/healthcare facility. b. Mode of Delivery The intervention will focus only the most affected public healthcare facilities. Only the key facilities requiring improvement, replacement, or increased will be tackled. Training programs will be offered to health professionals in order to improve service delivery and their ability to handle large numbers of patients without committing major mistakes. 5. Health Policy Development Various key health policies will be developed to enhance healthcare delivery. The major policies to be implemented will include the Right to Health Policy and Health in Foreign Policy. The Right to Health Policy according to UDHR Article 5 requires that all people have the right to the standard of living healthy and having self well-being including their families (Glendon, 2002). This policy will be observed when implementing the intervention since the main objective to enhance healthcare access by the local community. The Health in Foreign Health policy would mainly target foreigners visiting the city (Kickbusch, 2011). The city is key tourist destination implying that the health needs of foreigners need to be addressed as well with a view of achieving global health goals. Conclusion Typically, a number of activities will be initiated. Seeking the community’s opinions will be done through a research survey to capture the real image of the health issues to be solved. Much of the solution will involve improving/replacing public hospital facilities in major public hospitals in the city and developing work training programs for healthcare professionals (Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation, 2013). This will be done by the city authorities in conjunction with the Federal government and various healthcare organizations. The grant of $300, 000 will be budgeted to cater for both facility improvement and the training program. Although the money may not adequately solve the health problems, it will open way for further funding through financial aid. References U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey. (2010). SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates . Retrieved from DP03: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation. (2013). A Picture of Health: 2013 Community Health Needs Assessment Atlantic County, New Jersey. 2013 Community Health Needs Assessment – Atlantic County, 1-26. City of Atlantic City. (2014, April 28). Recreation & Cultural Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.cityofatlanticcity.org/divdetails.aspx?dva=REC Firesprinklerpro Website. (2014). Atlantic City Fire Protection. 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