Understanding and carrying out health related behavior change - Essay Example

Appraisal exercise QUALITATIVE CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES KEY CONCEPTS IN APPRAISAL Problem ment Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. 2. How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? The clinical problem involves hyperglyceamia or impaired glucose condition, which poses a risk to development of diabetes type 2. The research aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles to people of low social status and neglected ethnic groups Purpose and Research Questions 1. Identify the purpose of the study. 2. List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers. 3. Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem? 4. Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions? The purpose of the study is to prevent diabetes and pre diabetes through synthesis of evidence and focusing on barriers together with implementing behavior change to the targeted group, which includes the low social class of people. The qualitative method is the most appropriate for this kind of research because of the immediate feedback received by the researchers. The theme and the research conducted are very well correlated and necessary. Literature Review 1. Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include? 2. Are the references current? 3. Identify the disciplines of the authors of studies cited in this paper. Does it appear that the author searched databases outside of CINAHL for relevant studies? 4. Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies? 5. Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument? Another way to ask the question: Did the author provide enough evidence to support the verdict that the study was needed? Reference used is current and includes the following; Quantitative and qualitative data relevant to this study are as follows; Diabetes UK, Medline via OVID SP, Embse, British index, via OVID SP, social science citation index via Thomson ISI, NHS evidence collection for ethnicity and health. The authors contacted various evidences apart from the CINAHL which is very important for this study. The authors also included other data like UK diabetes that is important while conducting such studies. The weaknesses of this studies are stipulated well and include language barrier. The author in the beginning states the main reason as to why the research is conducted. The reason stated is that many poor people are prone to diabetes attack within 3-6 years due to poor living standards and lack of knowledge together with lack to access to important recreational facilities. Frame of Reference 1. Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it? 2. When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings? The author identified the risk of those likely to be infected by diabetes type 2 as those marginalized and those with low socio economic development. A framework of the study was developed by inclusion of assessment criteria and how to access the target group through marriage, religion, accessed facilities and sources of information about health accessed by this groups of people. Research Tradition 1. Identify the stated or implied research tradition upon which the study was based. 2. Were the methods used in the study consistent with the research tradition? Understanding and carrying out health related behavior change. The methods used in this research were related to the theme of the research as they aimed at achieving health behavior changes to the target group by advising and influencing them on habits that are likely to improve their health. Sampling and Sample 1. Identify how subjects were selected. 2. At what sites were subjects recruited for the study? Did the sites for recruitment fit the sampling needs of the study? 3. What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sample? 4. Were the selected subjects able to provide data relevant to the study purpose and research questions? 5. How many people participated in the study? Did any potential subjects refuse to participate? Did any of the participants start but not finish the study? According to races, gender, age and religion The subjects were recruited at work places, religious centers and social centers. The selected subjects produce very valuable information for the research especially on religion and gender. The exact number of people participating in this research is not available but there are cases and instances when a potential subject can decline participation for various reasons such as security mistrusts among others. Data Collection 1. How were data collected in this study? 2. What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method? 3. Identify the time period for data collection of the study. 4. Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. It is more accurate and private and the need to get quality feedback was the main reason for use of this method Protection of Human Participants 1. Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify? 2. How were recruitment and consent techniques adjusted to accommodate the sensitivity of the subject matter and possible vulnerability of participants? 3. How were data collection and management techniques adapted in acknowledgment of participant sensitivity and vulnerability? The risks involved in this type of data analysis include the language barriers, as the natives were the target group. Financial problems and loss of contact between one group and another in form of communication were also reported. Relatives and translators were recruited to help in translation. Throughout the session health promotion was not supposed to conflict with religious believes on healthy liing. Data Management and Analysis 1. Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study. 2. Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? 3. What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias? 4. Did the data management and analysis methods fit the research purposes and data? Use of different age and different ethnic groups together with relatives helped in reducing researcher bias. The data method was appropriate with the type of research conducted for this findings. The author identifies some difficulties encountered in the process of research such as language barrier and high cost condition to conduct the research. Data management practices included correlation and comparison with other journals from the internet and other sources. Findings 1. Did the findings address the purpose of the study? 2. Were the data sufficiently analyzed? 3. Were the interpretations of data congruent with data collected? 4. Did the researcher address variations in the findings by relevant sample characteristics? The findings did not address the whole purpose of the study since the study was restricted only the data was partially analyzed. Interpretations did not reflect the true findings even though reported change on healthy lifestyles was reported. Some of the variations were explained as the difference between men and women in Muslim religion and cultural beliefs on some types of food consumed. Discussion 1. Did the results offer new information about the target phenomenon? 2. Were the findings linked to findings in other studies or other relevant literatures? 3. Describe the clinical, policy, theoretical, and other significance of the findings. Does the author explore these applications? The findings came up with the information on beliefs and cultures on some food influence healthy development while the religion factor especially on women also is different with other journals of research. Logic and Form of Findings 1. Were readers able to hear the voice of the participants and gain an understanding of the phenomenon studied? 2. Were elements of the research report easily found by readers? 3. Did the overall presentation of the study fit its purpose, method, and findings? 4. Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings? The readers could read and identify on some of the problems related or leading to unhealthy living. The elements of research are easily outsourced from the research report. The overall presentation ended up with findings on how to promote healthy living and help reduce diabetes and pre-diabetes cases which has been well stipulated throughout the report Evaluation Summary 1. Do the findings provide a credible reflection of reality? If so, how can the findings be used in nursing practice? 2. What do the findings add to the current body of knowledge? 3. State the conclusion of the critical appraisal of the study. The findings reflect on reality and can be used to advice people who do not take regular physical exercise to start doing so immediately. The results can also be used in advising the types of food or meals one should take. The religion and social cultural norms and believes play a big role in determining healthy living standards. The poor social classes of people who have been neglected are more prone to diabetes risk due to lack of information and training on how to live and eat healthy foodstuffs. (Maxine Johnson, 151-158) References Maxine Johnson, R. J.-H. (151-158). Barriers to primary of type 2 diabetes in blak and minority groups in UK. Diabetes research and clinicl parctice , 2011. Read More