Assessment of the Child: Functional Health Pattern Analysis Worksheet - Essay Example

?Assessment of the Child: Functional Health Pattern Analysis Worksheet Erikson alleged that infancy is very significant in individuality progress. Heacknowledged many of Freud's assumptions, together with the superego, id, ego, and Freud's theory of childhood sexuality. Erikson was not convinced by the description of personality solely from the basis of sexuality and contrary to Freud, who was an id psychologist he was an ego psychologist. Ericson took the roles in the society and culture to make his argument. Freud on the other hand made his hypothesis from the conflict between id and the superego. He extended the Freudian theory by focusing on the adaptive and creative aspect of ego. He then explained the entire personality development stages across the whole lifespan of a living person. In his theory, he develops five stages until the 19th year and three more after the five stages. He articulates that in adulthood there is still more room to grow throughout one’s lifespan (Gordon & Browne, 2014). He rather put more emphasis on the adolescence period maintaining that it was a very crucial part of life. The adolescence period is the shaping stone of someone’s identity. He maintained that the personality is a progress built up from where the preceding stage embracing the epigenic rule. Stage one (Infancy) During the stage the infant is attached to the care it is receiving from the parents, particularly the mother. Erickson establishes the child’s oral sensory it heightened as they put everything in the mouth. The potential problem a nurse can notice lack of interaction of the parent and the child due to the lack of understanding what the infant wants at the stage. The most common is the need to feed which eludes the mothers often. In this stage, the nutritional requirement is paramount to ensure a steady growth (Gordon & Browne, 2014). The lack of nutritional patterns that are enough makes the child not develop in the required way. The metabolic rate is high since the body is growing. The cognitive skills are adapted to getting and taking. Spend most of their time sleeping. Stage two (toddlers) This stage shows the child developing independence as they learn new things to do. The metabolic rates are still high as they are gaining more organ growths. They spend most of their time sleeping. At this stage, they are educated on the proper manners hence creating shame and doubt on the abilities. At this stage the toddler has to be followed to feed hence they have different feeding habits. Some lose their appetites at this stage. The nurse can notice the weight patterns from the feeding patterns (Potts, & Mandleco, 2012). The most significant relationship is that of the parents and the toddlers. The feelings of shame come in as they train to go help themselves in the toilet. Sometimes may be self-doubting of the capabilities and a low self-esteem in the process. The sexuality is eliminative and retentive. Stage three (preschoolers) Preschoolers do many things on their own as they learn more as they keep growing. The cognitive momentum has picked up and they are driven to make and invent. They exploit their creativity and ingenuity. The sleeping time reduces substantially as they develop friendships. They are aggressive and the metabolic rates are heightened due to the activity they indulge the balance of initiative and guilt is built at this stage. The nurse will notice that there are minor injuries from the activities the child indulges. The child might not be very good in making relationships. They may follow others to feel a sense of belonging (Potts, & Mandleco, 2012). Stage four (schooling) They develop and adopt industrious characters or while others may feel inferior. Self-confidence increases and they interact with others but mainly of the same sex. They develop friends and encouragement is important in the creation of industrious teens. Their metabolism and feeding habits change and an increase in the consumption of food is established. The sexuality at this stage is hidden. Stage five (the adolescent) This is the most significant stage in the development stages of a human being. The stage is where many develop the personality. In this phase, the identity crisis settles in as we start to notice how others look like and become conscious of our looks. The metabolic rates at this stage are heightened and patterns of eating are changed entirely. The stage is the determinant of the future of the person. In this stage, there is the development of feelings toward the opposite sex. The inability to focus is disturbing and frustrating. The sleeping patterns change totally maybe from the normal twelve to eight (Gordon & Browne, 2014). The relationship is now split into the relationship of the opposite sex. There is a sense of fidelity. The cognitive and perceptual patterns have developed and one can make decisions that are rational and thought out. Stress tolerance is more defined and one has the ability to gain stress over issues affecting them. Stage six (early adulthood) In this stage, people start their lives and fall in love with others. The start of families is evident at this stage. The development of relationships shapes the future of the individuals at this stage. Isolation can also be part of the stage as they can lack the required interaction pulling them away from the masses. The metabolism is reduced and keeps fluctuating with the events in the life of the people in the stage (Potts, & Mandleco, 2012). For instance, the metabolism will shoot if a girlfriend is pregnant. The sleeping patterns also change with the activities the people indulge in that is the shifts at work and partying. Stress is also a common occurrence in this stage as the people have more to think about. Stage seven (adulthood) This stage is the loges period in the human life where the people are working hard to give back to the society. Raising of the children is done at this stage therefore the cycle of life begins again in this stage. The sexuality is not as active as it was in the preceding two stages. The stress levels are also high but a good support system buffers the prevalence. The relationship makes it easy to deal with coping with stress. Stage eight (seniors) The senses of fulfillment is acquired in this stage as the old look back and see what they did and contemplate how productive their lives were. Despair may kick in if one did not achieve the things they did want to achieve. The feeling of integrity is developed. The metabolic rate is very low as the body is not as active s it ones were. Nurses may notice the slow loss of cognitive and perceptive patterns in others. Summary The childhood groups have the thirst to learn more across all the age groups. The main differences are the preferences at the stages. The need to stick with the same sex in the tender age of 4-6 is more evident while the other group is more latent. Innovation is also developed in the higher schooling stage (Mitchell & Haroun, 2012). In summary, the nurse has to adapt different ways in handling the children to foster the relationship and trust in order to treat them since the cognitive and perceptions are still young and do not comprehend everything. The abilities of the grownups are more advanced and need no evaluations to understand. Communication with an infant should be slow in order to make them have time to get what is relayed. Reference Potts, N. L., & Mandleco, B. L. (2012). Pediatric nursing: Caring for children and their families. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.pg. 167-176 Mitchell, D., & Haroun, L. (2012). Introduction to health care. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning.pg. 187-200 Bukatko, D., & Daehler, M. W. (2012). Child development: A thematic approach. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Pg. 27-38 Gordon, A. M., & Browne, K. W. (2014). Beginnings and beyond: Foundations in early childhood education. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 95-99 Read More